PYRUS. 



flowering enrly in May. The haves are wliitifh and filky 

 beneath ; nearly fmooth above. Flowers large, white, 

 ftrongly fcentcd, in a fimple downy corymb. Fruit about 

 two inches iojiiameter, globofe, rather deprefled, purplifh- 

 green. When gathered in Oftober, as aiiltere as an unripe 

 medlar ; but after lying a few weeks, it tirll acquires a fwect 

 fcent, which is but temporary, and at length towards De- 

 cember, thefe pears become foft, like medlars, and very 

 good eating. 



11. P. Malus. Common Apple, or Crab, tree. Linn. 

 Sp. PI. 686. Willd. n. 9. Ait. n. 6. Sm. Fl. Brit, 

 n. 2. Engl. Bot. t. 179. Fl. Dan. t. iioi. Mill. II- 

 luftr. t. 44. (Malus fylveftris; Ger. Em. 1461.) — Leaves 

 elliptic -oblong, pointed, ferratcd, fmooth. Umbels fimple, 

 feflile. Styles fmooth. — Native of woods and hedges 

 throughout Europe, and ihll more valuable, for its in- 

 numerable and ufeful varieties, as a cultivated plant, than 

 even the Pear, n. 8. The Crab itfelf, or Wild Apple, 

 though always too auftere to be eaten raw, is fubjecl to 

 fome varieties that are worthy of notice for kitchen ule. 

 This fpecies produces its elegant blufh-coloured bloffoms m 

 May. The branches are more horizontal than thofe of /-". 

 communis, as well as more twilled and diforderly. The 

 younger leai<es are downy beneath. Fruit roundifli, con- 

 cave, or umbilicated, at the bafe. 



12. P. dioica. Dioecious Pear-tree. Willd. n. 10. 

 Phytogr. fafc. I. 8. Moench. Wcidend. 87. t. 8. JVilld. 

 (Malus non florens, frudlificans tamen ; Bauh. Pin. 433.) — 

 Leaves oval, pointed, ferrated. Flowers axillary, dioecious. 

 Petals linear, the length of the calyx. — The native country 

 of this fingular plant is unknown. Profeffor Willdenovs', 

 from whom we have dried fpccimens, fufpefts it to be pof- 

 fibly a variety of the preceding fpecies. T\\i Jloivcrs are 

 fmall, forming in appearance fhort downy umbels, at the 

 ends of the branches, but each ieparate ilalk is accompanied 

 by a leaf. Petals yellowifli-green, not exceeding the calyx. 

 Styles five, fmooth. We have feen the female plant only. 



13. P. fpegabllis. Chinefe Apple-tree. Ait. n. 7. 

 Willd. n. II. Curt. Mag. t. 267. Schneev. Ic. t. 15. — 

 Leaves oval-oblong, ferrated, fmooth. Umbels fimple, 

 feflile, nearly fmooth, without brafteas. Styles woolly at 

 the bafe. — Native of Clrina, from whence Dr. FothergiU is 

 faid to have imported it in 1780. The tree proves tolerably 

 hardy in our gardens, flowering early in May. The leaves 

 are furnifhed with copious fliallow ferratures, and have 

 downy footjialis and ribs. The umbels are nearly, if not 

 quite, fmoolli, and confift of eight or ten large and hand- 

 fome rofe-coloured Jlowcrs, for which alone this plant is 

 cultivated, the fruit, which is yellow, an inch in length, 

 and ufually elongated a little at the bafe, being fparingly 

 produced, and of no value. We can difcover no braSens, 

 and if we are not miftaken, the want of them affords the 

 fureft mark of diftinftion between this fpecies and the two 

 foUowipg. 



14. P. prunlfoUa. Siberian Crab-tree. Willd. n. 12. 

 Ait. n. 8. (P. Malus /3 ; Ait. ed. i. v. 2. 175. Cra- 

 txgus cerafi folio, floribus magnis ; Mill. Ic. t. 269.) — 

 Leaves ovate, pointed, with (hallow ferratures. Umbels 

 fimple, feffile, downy. Brafteas linear, toothed, deciduous. 

 Styles woolly at the bafe — Native of Siberia, according to 

 Miller, who fays the feeds were fent from Dauria to Pe- 

 terlburgh, and who had it, bearing flov/ers and fruit, at 

 Chelfea, before the year 1758. This tree is now common 

 in gardens, the fruit, which refembles a white-heart cherry 

 in fize and colour, but which is liable, in both refpeCls, to 

 vary, being efleemed for preferving, as well as for tarts ; 

 flor is it, when mellowed by froil, unpleafant to eat raw. 



The leaves are rather more downy tliiin the lad, but their 

 ribs arc fmooth. Floiuers copious, with a light fweet fcent, 

 their colour iruich paler and their fize fmaller than P. Jpec- 

 tajllls Flower-Jlalks very downy. BraSeat fmooth, mem- 

 branous, very narrow, above half an inch long. 



15. P. baccata. Small-fruited Crab-tree. Linn. Mant. 

 75, excluding the reference to Miller. Willd. n. 13. Ait. 

 11. 9. Pall. RofT. v. I. p. I. 23. t. 10. Gileke Ic. 

 fafc. I. t. 12. (Crata:gus cerafi foliis, floribus magnis; 

 Amm. Ruth. 195. t. 31.) - Leaves ovato-lanceolate, 

 pointed, fliarply ferrated, fmooth. Umbels fmooth, fimple, 

 feffile. Brafteas linear, flightly toothed, deciduous. Styles 

 naked. Fruit fmaller than the petals.-^ Found in low fitun- 

 tions, about the banks of rivers, in Siberia, flowering the 

 end of May. We received fpecimens from the garden of 

 the late Right Hon. Charles Greville, at Paddington, in 

 flower April 21, 1803. This differs from the laft, with 

 which fome botanift.s have confounded it, in having broader, 

 more acutely ferrated, fmoother /fai)« ; imoothjloiutr-jlalks 

 and Jlyles ; and a fmall Ted fruit, not bigger than a common 

 haw. The calyx in both is deciduous, leaving a fcarred 

 hollow on the top of the fruit. 



16. P. cnrunarla. Sweet-fcented Crab-tree. Linn. Sp. 

 PI. 687. Willd. n. 14. Ait. n. 10. Purlh n. 7. Kalra's 

 Travels, Englifli edition, v. 2. 166. — Leaves broad-ovate, 

 fomewhat lobed or angular, ferrated, fmooth. Flower- 

 ttalks corymbofe. Styles woolly in the lower part. — Na- 

 tive of woods in North America, from Pennfylvania to 

 Carolina, flowering in May. It has long been cultivated 

 in England, for the fake of the beauty and violet-like 

 fragrance of its b!u(h-coloured bloffoms, as well as for its 



fruit, which is as big as a fmall golden pippin, extremely 

 acid, but excellent for preferving with fugar. The leaves are 

 dilhnguifhed by their breadth, and by being flightly lobed, 

 like fome of the lefs deeply cut leaves of the Hawthorn, but 

 thrice as large. 



17. P. angujllfilia. Narrow-leaved Crab-tree. Ait. 

 Hort. Kew. ed. I. v. 2. 176. ed. 2. n. 11. Willd. n. 15. 

 Purfh n. 8. (P. coronaria ; Wangenh. Amer. 61. t. 21. 

 f. 47.) — Leaves lanceolate-oblong, (hining, with tooth-hke 

 notches ; contrafted and entire at the bafe. Flower-italks 

 corymbofe. Found in the low woods of Carolina, flowering 

 in May. It refembles the foregoing fpecies, but the fruit 

 is very fmall. Purfli. This is faid in Hort. Kew. to have 

 been cultivated in 1750, by Mr. Chriftopher Gray. We 

 have never examined it, nor have we any account of the 



flyles he\ng downy or otherwife. 



18. Y.japonica. Japan Apple-tree. Thunb. Japon. 207. 

 Willd. n. 16. Ait. n. 12. Curt. Mag. t. 692. (Malus 

 Japonica ; Andr. Repof. t. 462. Buke ; Kaempf. Amoen. 

 844.) — Leaves elliptic-oblong, fiiarply ferrated, very 

 fmooth. Stipulas lunate, deeply toothed. Flower-ftalks 

 fomewhat aggregate. Calyx abrupt. Seeds numerous in 

 each cell. — Gathered by Thunberg, on mount Fakona in 

 Japan, where it flowers from February to April. It proves 

 quite hardy in our gardens, into which fir Jofeph Banks in- 

 troduced it in 1 796, flowering at the fame feafon, and alfo 

 frequently again in autumn. When the fpring is fevere, 

 the beautiful deep fcarlet bloffoms require the fhelter of a 

 glafs frame. The flem is fomewhat thorny. Leaves deep 

 green ; the firft that come out are fliort and abrupt. Sti- 

 pulas on the young branches, half an inch or an inch broad. 

 Fruit globular, we have not feen it ripe. Seeds very nu- 

 merous in each cell, one above another, fo that we cannot 

 but feel fome fcruples as to the genus of this ipecies. 



19. P. Cydrmla. Common Quince -tree. Linn. Sp. PL 

 687. Willd. n. 17. Ait. n. 13. Jacq. Auflr. t. 342. 



10 WoodT. 



