QUA 



Q feems the initial of no word in Mufic, except in 

 old madrigals, where it frequently is placed at the top of 

 the page for quinta pars, ths fifth part, in a polyphonic 

 corapoution. 



Q. D. is frequently ufcd, among Grammaruins, &c. for 

 quaji diaum, as if it were faid, &c. or as who fliould fay. 



Q. E. D. among AJathematicians, fignifies quod crat demon- 

 llrainhim, which was to be demonftrated. 



Q. E. F. quod erat faciendum, which was to be done. 



QU"AB, in Ichlhyology, the name of a Ruilian filh, whicli 

 fome report to be at firll a tadpole, then a frog, and at lafl 

 a fi(h. Dr. Mounfcy, who made many enquiries concerning 

 thefe pretended changes, apprehends that they are all fabu- 

 lous. He had an opportunity of feeing the fifll itfelf, and 

 found that they fpawned like other fifhes, and grew in fi/.e, 

 without any appearances to juftify the report. He adds, 

 that they delight in very clear water, in rivers with fandy 

 or Itony bottoms, and are never found in [landing lakes, or in 

 rivers palling through marfliy or mody grounds, where frogs 

 choofe moft to be. Phil. Tranf. vol. xlv. p. 175. 



QUABES, in Geography, a people of Africa, in the in- 

 terior country between Rio Sellos and Sierra Leona, inha- 

 biting the fouthern banks of the river Seftos. They had 

 been formerly conquered by Flanfire, king of Folgia ; but 

 having thrown off their fubjeftion, they have fince remained 

 a free people, though under the proteftion of the emperor 

 of Monou, or Manou ; which empire is called by Englifh 

 geographers, and alio by M. d'Anville, Mendi Manow. 



QUACHA, or Quagga, in Zoology. See Equus. 



QUACHILTO, in Ornithology, the name of a very beau- 

 tiful Brafdian bird, of the moor-hen kind, called alfo yaca- 

 cintli, zni\ porphyria Ajnericanus. It is the FuLiCA Purpurea, 

 (which fee) ; and is of a fine blackifli purple colour, varie- 

 gated with white ; its beak is white while young, but be- 

 comes red as it gi-ows older, and has a naked fpace at its 

 bafis, refembling, in fome fort, the coot ; its legs are of a 

 yellowifh-areen ; it lives about the waters and feeds on fifh, 

 yet is a very well-tafted bird. It 'imitates the crowing of a 

 common cock, and makes its mufic early in the morning. 

 Marggrave's Hiil. Brafil. 



QUACHY, in Zoology, a name given to the Coati, or 

 ViVERRA A^^/^7 ; which fee. 



QUACK, in Medicine. See Empiric. 



QUACKENBRUCK, in Geography, a town of Weft- 

 phalia, in the bifhopric of Ofnabruck, fituated on the river 

 Hafe, which runs through it in feven ftreams, that unite in 

 two below the town ; 20 miles N. of Ofnabruck. N. lat. 

 52° 42'. E. long. 8° 3'. 



QUADIANS, QuADl, in Ancient Geography, a people 

 of Germany, whofe territories extended from the Danube to 

 Moravia, and the northern part of Auftria. They are com- 

 preherrded by fome writers under the ancient name of Suevi, 

 part of whom forced their way into Spain, and formed a 

 kingdom there. Their country is at prefent known by the 

 name of Moravia ; for it extended from the mountains of 

 Bohemia to the river Marus, no\v the March, and confe- 

 quently coraprifed that province. Ptolemy mentions the 

 following cities in the country of the Quadtans ; vi-z.. Ebu- 

 rodunum, Eburum, Medoflanium, and Celemantia, now, ac- 

 cording to Cluverius, Brin, Olmutz, Znaim, and Kalmiiiz. 

 Tlie Quadians were a warlike people, had kings of their, 

 own, and agreed in culloms, manners, and religion, with the 

 other German nations. They, without doubt, joined their 

 countrymen againlt Lollius, Germanicus, Caiu=!, and Galba, 

 who attempted to reduce Germany, and to fubdue the le- 

 veral nations whicli inhabited that extenfive country. The 

 emperor Doinitian marched againft them, but was defeated 



QUA 



by the Marcomans, and put to flight. The Quadians f'ub- 

 mitted to the emperor Titus Antoninus, and it appears 

 by his coins, fuppofcd to have been ftruck about the year 

 139, that they acknowledged, as fovereign, a king appointed 

 by that prince. They joined the Marcomans, in the fa- 

 mous war made by that people on the empire under the reign 

 of Marcus Aurelius ; but being reduced to great diftrefs 

 they fent a/nbaffadors to fue for peace, and with them 

 they reftored all the Roman deferters, and about 13,000 

 prifoners, whom they had taken during the war. They 

 thus obtained peace, upon condition, that they Ihould not 

 traffic, for the future, within the Roman dominions, nor 

 fettle within fix miles of the Danube; but, difliking thefe 

 conditions, they again joined the Marcomans, and renewed 

 the war. In the profecution of this conteft, which was 

 long and fanguinary, they were totally defeated ; their 

 king Ariogefes was taken prifoner ; but the emperor fpared 

 his life, confining him to the city of Alexandria, the metro- 

 polis of Egypt. The Quadians, however, feem to have 

 continued in arms till the reign of Commodus, who granted 

 them peace upon the following terms: that they fhould 

 keep at the diftance of fivi miles from the Danube ; — 

 that they fiiould furrender their arms, and fupply the Ro- 

 mans with a certam number of troops when required ; — 

 that they (hould aflemble but once a month in one place, 

 and in the prefence of a Roman centurion ; — and that they 

 fhould not make war upon the neighbouring nations with- 

 out the conient of the people of Rome, i In the year 214, 

 the king of the Quadians was Gaiobomar, who was ai- 

 faffinated by order of Caracalla. In the 4th year of the 

 reign of the pmperor Valerian, the Quadians joined the 

 Sarmatians, and invading Illyricum, ravaged that province ; 

 ■ but they were defeated by Probus, then tribune of a legion, 

 and afterwards emperor. In the year 260, the yth of the 

 emperor Gallienus, they made a fudden irruption into Pan- 

 nonia, but they were expelled, without tl-.eir booty, by 

 RegiUianus. Upon the death of Probus, who had kept 

 the barbarians in awe, A.D. 283, the Quadians, in con- 

 junftion with the Sarmatians, broke into Illyricum and 

 Tlirace, and having ravaged thofe provinces, and advancing 

 towards Italy, they were met by Carus, the fucceflbr of 

 Probus, on 'the borders of Illyricum, and totally defeated ; 

 16,000 being killed on the fpot, and 20,000 being taken 

 prifoners. In the 19th year of the emperor Conftantius, the 

 Quadians made an irruption into Pannonia and Mosfia ; and 

 having pillaged both provinces, returned home with an im- 

 menfe booty. They returned again in two years, and laid 

 wafte Valeria. Conftantius was provoked by thefe inva- 

 fions, and leaving Milan, advanced to the confines of the 

 Quadians, and conferred with their chiefs, who excufed 

 pa'.t hoftilities, and promifed, for the future, to live in peace 

 and jw.ity with the emperor. They foon, however, forgot 

 their promife ; and in the following year joined the Sarma- 

 tians, and laid wafte a great part of Pannonia and Moefia : 

 but at the approach of Conftantius, they repafled the 

 Danube, and returned home. The emperor determinmg 

 to punifti them for their treachery, palled the Danube 

 on a bridge of boats, and began to deftroy their country. 

 The Quadians, unable to refift, fued for peace, and obtained 

 it, upon delivering up hoftages, and fetting at liberty all 

 the prifoners they had taken. In the, year 374, their 

 king Gabinius being treacheroufly murdered by Marcel- 

 lianus, duke of Valeria, they croiled the Danube in the 

 utmoft rage, and falling upon the reapers, in harveft time, 

 killed the greateft number of them, laid wafte the country, 

 and took many captives. They afterwards followed Equi- 

 tius, general of the troops in Illyricum, who had been 

 1 1 acceffory 



