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and then it is beft to have patience, and not run to take 

 up the full, but li?.y till they arc all entangled, as they 

 will foon be. 



The quail is a neat cleanly bird, and w-ill not run much 

 into dirty or wet places : in dewy mornings they will often 

 fly inftcud of running to the call ; and in this cafe, it is belt 

 to let them go over the net, if it fo happens that th?y fly 

 higher than its top, and the fportfman then changing fides, 

 and calling again, the bird will come back, and then will 

 probably be taken in the not. 



The calls are to be made of a fmall leather purfe, about 

 two fingers wide, and four fingers long, and made in the 

 fliape of a pear ; this is to be (luffed half full of horfe-iuiir, 

 and at the end of it is to be placed a fmall whillle, made of 

 the bone of a rabbet's leg, or fome other fuch bone ; this 

 is to be about two inches long, and the end formed like a 

 flao-eolet, with a little foft wax. This is to be the end faf- 

 tened into the purfe ; the other is to be clofed up with the 

 fame wax, only that a hole is to be opei.ed with a pin, to 

 make it give a dilUiidl and clear found. To make this found, 

 it is to be held full in the palm of the hand, with one of the 

 fingers placed over the top of the wax : then the purfe is 

 to be prefied, and the finger is to (liake over the middle of it, 

 to modulate the lound it gives into a fort of (hake. This is 

 the moll ufeful call ; for it imitates the note of the hen-quad, 

 and feldom fails to bnng a cock to the net, if there be one 

 near the place. 



The call that imitates the note of the cock, and is ufed to 

 bring the hen to him, is to be about four inches long, and 

 above an inch thick ; it is to be made of a piece of wire, 

 turned round and curled, and cov-red with leather ; and 

 one end of it muft be doled up with a piece of flat wood, 

 about the middle of which there midl be a Imall tiiread or 

 ftrap of leather, and at the other end is to be placed the 

 fame fort of pipe, made of bone, as is ufed in the oth^'rcall. 

 The noife is made by opening and clofing the fpiral, and 

 gives the fame found that tlie cock does when he gives the 

 hen a fignal that he is near her. 



QUAKERS, \n Ecclefiajlical H'lftory, the common deno- 

 mination of a fociety of Chnllians, who appeared firft in 

 England about the middle of the ieventcenth century, and 

 who continue to be dillinguifhed from others by peculiar 

 tenets and praftices. They call themfelves Friends. They 

 are remarkable for aflerting the continuance, to the prefent 

 time, of immediate revelation, or the communication of 

 divine inftruclion to the mind, by the teftimony of the fpirit 

 of God. This revelation they affirm to be necelfary for the 

 produftion of true faith, and that it neither does nor can con- 

 tradift the outward teftimony of the fcriptures, or right 

 and found reafon. Their doctrine on this fubject has been 

 often mifunderftood, even by theological writers ; and they 

 have in confequence been fubjefted to much obloquy. It 

 is, however, the principal feature in that peculiar view of 

 Chriftianlty, which has occafioned their feparation from 

 other churches. 



Origin and Hi/lory. — Before the period above mentioned, 

 many ferious perfons, fatisfied with none of the modes of 

 rehgion which the reformation brought forth, had withdrawn 

 from the communion of every vUible church, to cultivate 

 in retirement, impreffions which they attributed to the ope- 

 ration of the fpirit of Chrill on their own minds: it is chiefly 

 from fuch, when brought to recognize each other by the 

 minillry of an individual, that the Quakers confider their 

 fociety to have been originally gathered. George Fox, the 

 individual in queflion, was born in 1624. He has left a 

 journal of his own life, written with a fimplicity of ftyle, 



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which proves that he has fairly laid open his own charafter. 

 In tliis work, the peculiar principles of Quukerifn. may be 

 fatisfaflorily explored in their early beginnings, which it 

 tiiay be worth while briefly to review. Fox's parents, who 

 were pious members "of the cliurch of England, had in- 

 tended him for the priellhood, his character affording very 

 early promife of fitnefs for religious fervice ; but others per- 

 fuading to the contrary, he was put under a malter to a 

 country bufiuefs. Being engaged herein at a fair, when 

 about the age of nineteen, a coufin of his, with anothcc 

 profeflor of religion, attempted to engage him in drinking 

 to intoxication. " The Lord had (hewn me," fays George, 

 " that I might not eat or drink to make myfelf wanton, but 

 for health, ufing the creatures in their fervice, as fervants in 

 their places, to the glory of Him who created them." 



Accordingly, on perceiving the defign of his companions, 

 he role up, paid for the refrefhment tliey had had, and de- 

 parted, with emotions of N-irtuous indignation. Returning 

 home, he pafled a fleeplefs night, walking up and down, 

 and crying to the Lord ; who, he affirms, faid unto him,' 

 " Thou feeft how young people go together into vanity, 

 and old people into the earth ; ttiou muft forfake all, 

 young and old, keep out of all, and be as a ftrangcr unto 

 all." The reader will underlland this, and generally all 

 revelations profefled to have been received by Quakers, as 

 confiding not in an outward voice, but in an internal com- 

 munication to the mind. Taking the command litt-rally, he 

 detached himfelf from his connexions ; and having fome pro- 

 perty of his own whereon to fubfift, removed from place to 

 place, obferving the religion and profeliors of the age, with- 

 out engaging in clofe fellowfliip with any. He devoted 

 much of his time to falling, folitary prayer, and reading the 

 bible. 



He became at length quite detached in his affeftions from 

 the world, diftrefled at the fpiritual condition of his fellow 

 Bien, and in much anxiety, bordering on defpair, about his 

 own ; yet was not without intervals of heavenly joy and 

 comfort. Such a ftatc of mind naturally led him to feek 

 for fpiritual counfel from others, and he had conferences 

 with many of the clergy, beginning «nth his ovvn parifh 

 prieft. In anfwer to a queftion from the latter, we find him 

 profefling faitii in Chrill, who, by his death as man, (for he 

 died not as he was God,) became an offering for the fins of 

 the whole world. The general refult of thefe conferences 

 was, however, unfatisfaclory to him ; " for," he obferves, 

 " they could not reach my condition." Purfuing, therefore, 

 his meditations on the iubjeft as before, he came to be fatis- 

 fied refpefting feveral propofitions which it involved, fuch 

 as the following : — that although it was faid that all 

 Chrillians are believers, both Proteftants and Papifts, yet 

 that none were truly fuch, but thofe who were born of 

 God, and who had pafled from death unto life. Again, 

 that to be bred at Oxford or Cambridge, was not enough 

 to fit and qualify men to be minifters of Chrift. At this 

 he wondered, becaufe it was the common belief that fuch 

 qualification was fufficient. " At another time," he fay«, 

 " it was opened in me, that God, who made the world, did 

 not dwell in temples made with hands. This at firft feemed 

 ftrange, becaufe both priefts and people ufed to call their 

 temples or churches dreadful places, holy ground, and the 

 temples of God ; but the Lord ftiewed me clearly that he 

 did not dwell in thofe temples, which men had com- 

 manded and fet up, but in people's hearts." George Fox 

 now ceafed to attend the eftabliflied preachers ; at which 

 his relations being offended, he fliewed them from the fcrip- 

 tures, " that there was an anointing within man to teach 

 him, and that the Lord would teach his people himfelf." 



Obferving, 



