QUANTITY. 



1. Except the / of fio is long, when it is not fol- 

 lowed by e and r ; as flam, fiebam, flat. 



Omnia jam /'(.'iK, /'icr' 4"* ^oU'm nggabam. Ovid. 



2. The c of the genitive and dative of tiie fifth de- 

 clcnfion, wlicn it comes between double /', is long ; as 

 faciei ; but it is fliort in ipei, and long and (hort in 

 rei and fidei. 



Ventum erat ad Veftjc quarta jam parte diet. Hor. 



Extingiie flanimas; neve te iirxjpci. Seneca. 



Ipfius rci rationem rcdderc poiri.s. Lucret. * 



Curta: neicio quid iemper ai)eft rei. Hor. 



lite vir hand magna cum re, led plenu\/t(/r/. Enn. 



Unum peitus liabent, /iVie/yHC immobile vinclum. Manil. 



* Lucretius furninie-s five examples of rsi ; Plautus two. Thefe cafes 

 appear to have been anciently written both e-i and ei-i, which accounts 

 for the variation in quantity. 



3. Genitives in ins have the i long in profe, though 

 in poetry it is common : as unius or unius, illius or 

 illTiis : except the i of alTiis, which (formed by crafis 

 from aliius) is always long, and the z of alterlus, moftly 

 ihoi-t. 



Navibus, infandum ! amifTis, unius ob iram. Virg, 



l'arf4ue meje pajnic totius inftar erit. Ovid. 



Tu potes alterlus Itudiis hsrere Minerva;. Claud. 



Mox dum altt^rms* obligurrias bfna. Enn. 



* Alterius i.s three times long in Terentianus ; de fyllab. 1071, de 

 metr. ^l; and 464. 



4. The penultimate is long m auraV, aulaV, and other 

 antique genitives of the firft declenfion, and in fiich vo- 

 catives as Pompei, Ca'i ; becaufe thefe were originally 

 written with a double / ; thus, Pompeii, Caii. 



-tthereum fenfum, atque aurai fimplicis ignem. Virg. 



Accipe Pompei, deduitum carmen ab iUo. Ovid. 



5. In ohe, in io (whether interjeftion or proper 

 name), and in Diana, the firll fyllable is common. 



Ohc ! jam fatis eft, ohe^ libelle ! Mart. 



Rurfus, io, magnos clamat tiLi Roma triumphos. Mart. 



Ouaque ferebatur duc^or Sidonius, 10. — Conclamant. Sil. Ital. 



/i, verfa caput, primos mugiverat annos. Propert. 



Qu2 tibi caufa fug^ ? quid Io freta longa pererras ? Ovid. 



Experta eft numen moriens utriuique D'ioike. Mart. 



Juno, Vefta, Ceres, Diana, Minerva, Venus, Mars. Enn. 



6. Aer, Dlus, eheu, have the firft fyllable long. 



Proxinius eft Her illi levitate, locoque. Ovid. 



Italides : quas ipla decus fibi dia Camilla. Virg. 



JBheu, quid volui mil'ero mihi .' florihus Auftrum, Sec. Virg. 



7. In many Greek words a vowel is long, though 

 immediately followed by another: as Achiia, Aclie- 

 lous, Laertes, Laodice, and other words compounded 

 with Xaof ; Lat5us, Enyo, Panchai'a, Threicius, Tay- 

 getus, Troas, Troius, Galatia, &c. 



Erubuit Mavors, averfaque rifit Enijo. Claud. 



8. Thofe words which are written in Greek with 

 the diphthong ii, and in Latin with a fingle e or /, have 

 that e or / long ; as ^neas, Mufeum, Darius, Thalia, 

 Clio, ElegTa, Oreades, &c. 



Et;»f;nficea potens, et ThelTala centanrea. Lucan. 



9. Moft adjeftives in eus, formed from Greek proper 

 names, have the e long ; and it continues fo, when 

 refolved into ei. 



Oppida femoto Pelopeia marte vigerent. Claud. 



Note. — I. Thofe which contain a choree ('') in the two fyllables 

 immediately preceding the penultimate, were more frequently 

 formed, for the convenience of furnitliing a dai^tyl, with the penul- 

 timate (hort ; as Hed>Oreus, NeftOreus, AgenOrCus, AntenOreus, 

 &c. 



2. In imitation of the Greeks, we fee in Statius, the Jidjeflive 

 Tiberelus. 



10. Names of towns, temples, or monuments ia ea, 



ia, or cum, formed in tiie Greek manner, from the pro- 

 per names of perfons, mull commonly have the penul- 

 timate long ; as Laodlcea, Apamea, Cxfarca, Alex- 

 andria, Antioclila, Mauiolcum. 

 'I'errar'um mediis Apjmea: masnia clara. Prif. 



11. Academia, Chorea, Platea, Malea, have the 

 penultimate common. 



In Latium fpretis Acaikmla migrat Athenis. Claud. 



Atque Academia celebraium nomine vilUm. Laur. Tul. 



Pura; funt;>/a/tfr, nihil ut me<litaniibus obftet. Hor. 



Afpice ! per bitidas plebs RomuLi fundi'ur plalcas. Prudent. 



12. Greek genitives and accufatives from nominative: 

 in eus have the penultimate fhort, according to the com- 

 mon dialeft, long according to tlie Ionic. 



Ti/dijas ilia dies : ilium tugiimtque tremuntque, Stat. 



//;on«a petit dcxtrJ, levaque -ereftum. Virg. 



0/ Diphthongs. 

 3. A diphthong is long; as aurum, fcenus, audio, xtaty 

 poenitet, iEneas, laus. Grams, Caius, Pompeius, Proiju- 

 lems, &c. 



T/iesauros, ignotum argenti pondus et auri. Virg. 



1. Except prae, immediately before a vowel in a 

 compound word, is generally Ihort. 



Nee tota taraen ille prior ^»-<^t'«n(^ carina. Virg. 



Note. — Prae, originally being prai or prae, by the elifion of the latter 

 vowel before a following one, the words became pr4*-ullis, pra'- 

 eunt.&c. Statius, however, (Theb. 6. 519.) and Sidonitis Apol- 

 linarius (carm. 23.) preferve the J£ long. 



2. A diphthong is once fhort in a line of Virgil, out 

 of compofition ; thus, 



InJ'ulCB lonio in inagno, quas dira Celxno. Virg. 



3. The eu of Greek proper names in eus (genitive 

 eos) becomes a diphthong. 



Parvo dilexit fpatio Minoida Theseus, 

 Conditus luarimes arterna mole Ty^li'veus. 



Propert. 

 Lucan. 



Orlihyiiin amans fulvis ampledititur alis. 

 Et patrio infontes Uarp^f'tas pellere regno. 



4. Ti is alfo a diphthong in Greek names, fuch at 

 Orithyia, lUthyia, Harpyia, Agyieus, &c. 



Ovid. 



Virg. 



ji Voiuel before two Confonants. 



4. A vowel is long by/io/7/»on, when it immediately pre- 

 cedes two confonants, one or both of which being in the 

 fame word with it ; as arma, Errabat sllva In magna. 



Pafcere opmtet oves, dudiU^um dicere carmen. Virg. 



5. Alfo, a vowel is long by pofitkn, when it immediately 

 precedes a double confonant (X or Z), or the letter J ; as 

 axis, patrizo, cujus. 



At nobis, Pox alm.1, veni, fpicamque teneto. Tibul. 



It Sthenelus, qualem Mavortia vidit Amazon, V. Flac. 

 Caufa parrocinio non bona jiejor erit. Ovid. 



Note. — In reality the J or I makes a diphthong with the preceding 



vowel; viz, major, pejor, are from mai-or, pei-or: — and Io in 

 Mai-a, jVIal-us, Bai-^, Troi-ie, Ai-ax, ai-unt, Ciii-eta, Cai-us. 

 and Grai-us, dilTyHablcs. Hujus and cujus were, like illius, originally 

 trifyllables, of v.hich the firft two, by fynarefis, coalefced into 

 one. 



Except the compounds of jugum, which have the 

 i fliort before _/ ; as bijugus, quadrijugus. 



Martis equi hljitgeSf et magni currus Achillis. Virg. 



Note, — ^The word which in England we pronounce jugum, is in 

 reality i-ugum or yu-gum, as the Germans at this day pronounce it. 

 And in the meeting of two vowels, the former is tacitly elided, 

 leaving the words biilgus, quadriugus. 



6. If 



