QUANTITY. 



6. if the former of two words end in a rtiort vowel, and 

 tlie next begin with two confonants or a/tlouble letter, the 

 vowel often remains (hort. 



1'u poteras viri es jiejinis hebelar^ fmaragdos. Ovid. 



Jam medio apparet fluttu ni;mnr>tsfi Zarynlhus, Virg. 



2\/ote. — Virgil, however, wlio has adopted fuch licences as fultus 

 Hyacintho, ami qui amaiit, has lengthened the fliort fyllable hut 

 in one line ; ' I'erte citi fcrrum, date tc/u, fcaiidite muros.' Many 

 of thcfe vowels, wliicli at tlie end of a vv^rd are found long before 

 two confonants beginning a following word, are lengthened by the 

 csfura ; as ' Ocrulla fpolia, et plures de pace triumphos.' Juvcn. 



0/ a Voivtl befsre a Mute and a Liquid. 



7. A vowel naturally rtiort, followed by a mute and a 

 liquid, is common, though always pronounced rtiort in profc : 

 as %ris, pharetra. 



Natum ante ora piitris, patrcmque obtruncat ad aras. Virg. 



Nox tcnelrras profert, Pliotbus fugat inde tenibras. Ovid. 



Note. — I. To produce this kind of pofition, three things are reqtiifite. 

 I. That the mute precede tb-' liquid. 1. That the mute and the 

 liquid be both in the following fyllable ; or otherwife this rule can- 

 not taJce place ; as in ab-luu, where tlie t«o confonants cannot be 

 founded in the latter fyllable. 3. That the vowel preceding the 

 mute and liquid be Ihort by nature. Hence the a in acris and 

 matris is always long, becaufe the a in iker and mater is always 

 long. 



1. In l^atin words, / and r are the only liquids preceded by a vowel 

 and a -mute; in Greek words, /, r, and alfo ni, n, have the fame 

 effect as Cyclopes, 'i'e-cnieira. Da phne. 



3. H is not, ntither in th's, nor th" foregoing rule, to be deemed a 

 co-ifonani . Joined with any of the < onfiman s, it has not the power 

 of len^theTiing a preceding ihort vowel ; not even with two confo- 

 nants (;. e. a mute and a liquid,) in the next fyllable; as 



lUic P*ll.si proles Vi'fina Piiilippi Lucan. 



Cernitur egre.;ius lapis hie, cut nomen achates. Prif. 



Hie Paphias myrtos, hie purpure.is amSthi/Jlos. Ovid. 



w^riS/- hab.:t frondes, pabulayemyjer h.imus. Ovid. 



Of Crafts, or ContraSion. 



8. Every fyllable formed by the contraftion of two fylla- 

 bles into one, is long ; as cogo lor c6-ago, the genitive alius 

 for alii us. 



Tityre co^e pecus, to poll care6ta latebas. Virg. 



Obfcurte funis patres a'mbu-'iii'u.s errant. Ovid. 



N&ie. — This is a rule of very extenfive application. We are tWd 

 that the ancients exprefTed a long fyllable by a reduplication of the 

 vowel; thus vgenit for the perfedl venit. And it will be found 

 that in many words the long fyll.ible aril'es from the contraftion of 

 two vowels. Thus we write tibicen for tibiicen ; ambages for 

 ambfSges; bigas, trigs, for liijfiga^, trijOga; junior for jQvi!nior; 

 bohus for bOvibus; it for iit ; mi formihi; and malo for mSgis 

 v6lo. 



Of Derivatives. 



9. Derivatives ufually follow the quantity of their pri- 

 mitives ; as animus, auima, animal, animalis, animofus, 

 animare : from lego ; legebam, legerem, legam, &c. : but 

 from legi ; legeram, legerim, legero, &c. totalis from totus, 

 and totus from tot. 



Nee tnta pars, homo terrai quota to:ius unus. Lucret. 



1. Except defiderative verbs in ur;o, which have the u 

 (hort, although formed from the participle in urus, that 

 has u long ; as nuptiirio from nuptiirus. 



2. Frequentative verbs, formed from the fecond 

 fupine of the firll conjugation, by changing atu into 

 tto, have the i rtiort ; as clamito, volito. 



Parturmnt montes, nafcetur ridiculus mus. Hor. 



Infelix fua terta fupcr voruaverat alis. Virg, 



3. There are other long derivatives formed from 

 ftiort primitives, and fhort derivatives formed from long 

 primitives. 



Note. — I. Of the former, the following is nearly an nccurate lift: 

 como from cOma; fomes and fOmentum from fovco; humanus 

 from homo; jucinidus and jumentum from javo; mobijis from 

 mOveo ; tcgula from iCgo ; rigula from rCgo ; tragula fro u trSho ; 

 vomer from vOmo ; vox-vocis from vOco ; dc-ni from dCcem ; fuf- 

 picio from fufpicur;secius frorr. sfcus; pc-nuria from pCnus; humor 

 from humus; jugerum from jflgum ; niScero from mScer; placo 

 fram placeo. 



a. Of the latter, the following are the principal ; arena, Srida from Sreo; 

 dicax from dico ; difertus from diflero ; dux-ducis from dfico; fides 

 from fjdo; fragor and frigilis from frango; iDcerna from lu'ceo; 

 ditiofrom dis-ditis; mico from mica ; nato from n5tu ; noto from 

 notu; proniibus and pronuba from niibo; (ju.lfiUus from quSlus; 

 rofafrom ros-rriris; ftabulis from rtabam ; sOpor fromsopio; ftipula 

 and ilipulor from (lipes ; sSgax from sfigio; vadiim from vado; 

 arufpex from ara; ambitus, ambitio, ambitioiiis, fromambitu. 



3. Some of thefe anomalies have, perhaps, aril'en from the influence 

 of crafis and fyncope. Thus mubilis (torn mOveo, may have been 

 mOvibilis; momentum, mOvimentum ; mOtum, mOvitum; fOtuin, 

 fOvitum from foveo; jutum, jfiv.'itum ; and jumentcm, juvamen- 

 tum from jttvo. Sometimes the derivative becomes Ihort by 

 dropping one of the confonanis which rendered the word wlience it 

 is fuppofed to come, long by pofition ; as difenus from dilfero; 

 mamilla from mamma; volutum from volvo; sOlutum from.solvo; 

 tigillum from tijnuni ; pOtui from polTum. When th.? primitive 

 is neceffarily fliort, by one vowel's preceding another, as in hyems, 

 the derivative fometimes becomes long, by the infertion of a' con- 

 fonaiit , asin hiberna, hiherno, bibernacula. Liquidus is fuppofed 

 to have its lirit common (as it may be derived from the deponent 

 liquor, or from the neuter liijueo,) on the following authoiity. 

 JSrafTaque conveniunt liquidis, et llquida cralTIs. Lucret. 



Compound Words. 



10. Compound words have the fame quantity as the fimple 

 words from which they are formed ; as perlego from lego ; 

 perlegi from legi ; improbus from probus ; perjijrus from per 

 and jus-jiiris. 



11. The quantity of the primitive word is generally pre- 

 ferved in the compound, notwithttaiiding the alteration of a 

 vowel in the latter ; thus accido from cado, accido from 

 csdo, acquiro from quasro, inlqiaus, obliquu^, antiquus 

 from sequus. 



IN'luIta renafcentur, qua jam cecidere, cadenlque. Hor. 



Except I. The following are rtiort compounds from 

 long primitives ; nihilum from hllum ; dejero and pejero 

 fromjiiro; caufidicus, fatidicus, maledicus, veridicus, 

 froin dIco ; femisopitus from sopitus ; cognitum and 

 agnitum from notum ; hodie from hoc die. 



2. Irabecillus from bacillus has the fecond fyllable 

 long : connubium from niibo has the u common. 



Porto meis, nuUo dextram fubeunte bacillo. Juven. 



Imbecillus, ineis, fi quid vis .' adde propino — Hor. 



Conmdno jungaui ftabili, propriamque dicabo. Virg. 



Hettoris Andromache ! Pynhiii' connubia feivas. Virg. 



\7. Prepofitions, in compofition, have generally the fame 

 quantity as out of it ; thus amitto and deduco have the firft 

 long, becaufe a and de, as a final and monofyllabic e are 

 long. Aboleo and pgrimo have the firft; fhort, becaufe ab and 

 per, as b and r final, are fhort. 



Expediam, piimj repetens u4 origine, famam. Virg. 



Nee poterit ferrum, nee edax «io/rrf vetuiias. Ovid. 



-Note. — I. A prepofition ending in a vowel, although out of compo- 

 fition it may be long, becomes fhort by the lirlt general rule, if 

 followed by another vowel ; as deofeulor, prohibeo. And if a fliort 

 prepofition end in a confonant, and be followed by another confo- 

 nant, it becomes long, by th.3 fecond general rule ; as admitto, 

 p6rcello. 



2. Sometimes the prepofition, inflead of becoming long by pofition, 

 lofes its final confonant, and remains Oiort ; as Omitto, Operio. 



Except I. Z)i is fliort in dirimo and difertus : as 

 Hanc Deus et melior litem natura diremit. Ovid. 



Caufas, inquis, agam Cicerone d?/er:ij<sipfr Mart. 



2. Ri 



