QUA 



for laying them dry, as it mny occafionally be the faving 

 of much labour, trouble, and money. 



Quarry, in Glnziery, n pane, or piece of glafs, cut in 

 a lozenge, or diamond-form. 



The word feenis formed by corruption, fro* quarrel, 



f which fee) ; imlefs we will fuppofe it to come immediately 

 rom the French quarre, fquare. 



Quarries, or quarrels of ghifs, are of two kind? ; viz. 

 fquare and long, each of whicli is of dilTcrent fizes, cxprefTcd 

 by the number of pieces which make a foot of glafs ; -ui-z. 

 Rths, loths, I2ths, I5ths, iSths, and 20ths ; but all the 

 fizfs arc cut to the fame angle, the acute angle being 77" 

 19' in the fquare quarries, and 67° 22' in the long ones. 



Quarry, in Falconry, is the game, or fowl, which the 

 hawk is in purfuit of, or has killed. 



Quarry, among Hunters, is fometimes ufed for part of 

 the vifcera of the bcalt taken ; given by way of reward to 

 the hounds. 



QuARRY-Ca/-/, a name commonly given to that fort of 

 cart which is principally employed in the work of quarries, 

 and which is generally of a low, compaft, llrong kind, in 

 its nature, form, and manner of conftruction, in order to 

 fultain heavy weights, and receive them without diflieulty, 

 or the danger of being dellroyed. Carts for this purpofe 

 (hould always be made of well-feafoned wood, be well put 

 together, and have fufficient ftrength of timber m thofe 

 parts where the main llrefs of the load is placed. See 

 Cart. 



Some quarry counties have well-formed carts of this 

 nature, as many of thofe towards the northern boundaries 

 of the kingdom. 



(^v !\.KV.\-lFnggon, or Truck, a fmall carriage of the low 

 truck kind, which is much employed in the bufinefs of 

 quarries, efpecially thofe of the flate kinds, for the purpofe 

 of holding and conveying the rough materials, which have 

 been blown from the large mafly rocks, or feparated in 

 other ways, out of or from the quarries and pits in which 

 they are fituated and contained, to the places where they 

 are to receive their different preparations and (hapes. 



It is formed and conftrufted on a frame fomewhat fimilar 

 to that of the common barrow, and mounted on two low 

 light iron \vheels on the fore part, having two feet behind, 

 projefting from the frame, bent fomething in the manner of 

 the letter S, and of fufBcient length to let it ftand or reft 

 in a horizontal pofition while it is in the aft of being loaded. 

 Thefe feet are ufually made of iron, but they may be formed 

 of other materials. A fort of inclined plain is formed from 

 the bottoms of the quarries or pits, up which it i§ forced, 

 with great eafe and facihty, by the workmen, or fmall 

 animals of the horfe kind, after being filled with thefe 

 forts of heavy materials. It is a very ufeful and convenient 

 ftiachine in this application, being met with in moft of the 

 flate quarries in the northern part of Lancafhire, as well as 

 in thofe of many other diftrifts of the kingdom. 



QUARRYING, the bufinefs of duefting and conduft- 

 ing the nature and management of finking the different 

 kinds of quarries, pits, and fhafts, as well as of the different 

 forts of work which are i-ieceffary to be undertaken, carried 

 on, and performed, in the feveral different defcriptions of 

 them ; fuch as thofe of feparating, gettnig up, and pre- 

 paring the various forts of materials for ufe in the arts, or 

 in other ways. It is a praftice which requires confiderable 

 knowledge and experience, to be fully mafter of it in all its 

 different bearings and intentions. See Quarry, and Quar- 

 rying Slates and Stones. 



Almost every fort of quarrying-work requires a different 

 kind of management, not only in the opening and finking 



QUA 



the quarries and pits in the grounds at firft, but afterwards 

 in the methods and praftices of working them, and getting 

 up the various forts of materials from them, as well as in 

 tl i modes of preparing, trimming, and arranging them, 

 after ihey have been raifed. They are, however, inolUy 

 well known and familiar to the quarry-men and pit-men 

 who are ufually engaged in works of the feveral different 

 kinds. 



QuAhRYlNG Slates and Sloues, the methods of preparing 

 and fitting them for their different ufes and applications at the 

 qtiarries and pits where they have been raifed. The former 

 of thefe articles, particularly thofe of the blue, green, and 

 purple or blackifh kinds, undergo feveral different forts of 

 preparation in the quarrying, according to the purpofes to 

 which they arc to be afterwards apphed. They are feparated 

 and divided into very thin pieces or flates, where light, neat 

 coverings are required, or in much demand ; but for more 

 llrong and heavy coverings, in expofed fituations, or other 

 places, they are fplit into much thicker fheets, layers, or 

 flates, and are, of courfe, more clumfy in their appearance. 



Each fort m the bufinefs of quarrvinjr is wrought in a fe- 

 parate manner, and packt-d up by itfclf ; the different iorts 

 having appropriate names, as has been already feen. 



The white or brown flates are never divided and prepared 

 in fo fine a way as the other kinds, but feparated into much 

 thicker flakes or laminvE, in this intention. The blue, green, 

 and purple or darkifh forts, are, for the mofl part, found 

 capable of being fplit into very thin lamina: or fheets ; but 

 thofe of the white, or brownifh fixe-ftone kinds, can ftldoni 

 be feparated or divided in any very thin manner, as the layers 

 of the large maffes of the Hones are of a much thicker na- 

 ture, they confequently form heavy, ftrong, thick coverings, 

 proper for buildings in expofed climates and fituations, and 

 of the more rough kinds, fuch as barns, flables, and other 

 forts of out-houfes. 



In the different operations and procefTes of this fort of 

 quarrying, Date knives, axes, bars, and wedges are chiefly 

 made ufe of in the different intentions of fplitting and clean- 

 ing the flates, they being feparated into proper thickneffes 

 by the axe, bar, and wedge, and afterwards chipped into 

 their proper forms and fhapes by the knife. All the different 

 inequalities which may appear upon any part of them, arc 

 likewife rem.ovcd by this lall fort of implement. 



In the quarrying of the latter fort=; of materials, or thofe 

 of flones, the work is ufually perforrried in fuch a manner 

 as to fuit the different ufes for which they are intended. 

 Where flags are to be formed, they are fplit or riven into fuit- 

 able thickneffes, and fquared to different fizes, fo as to be 

 adapted to different applications. Thefe operations are ex- 

 ecuted in rathor a rough way, as they are afterwards to be 

 finifned by the ftone-mafon. When for fteps, they have the 

 proper breadths and depths given to them in a fort of fquar- 

 ing manner, being left to be completed as they may be 

 wanted for particular ufes and applications. Gate-pofls are, 

 for the moil; part, quarried fo as to have from about a foot 

 to a foot and a halt or more in the fquare. Trougu-ftones 

 have the quan-ying performed fo as to be formed into va- 

 rious proper-fized fquares or other forms, in a rough manner, 

 beingr left in thefe ftates to be afterwards hewn and hollowed 

 out, in the intended parts, by the ttone-mafons. 



Stones for building purpofes are ufually raifed and quar- 

 ried out roughly into fomething of the fquare fliape, being 

 left in that flate for the builders, who afterwards fit them fo 

 as to fuit their own purpofei; and intentions. 



In the quarrying of ftones, the quarrymen commonly make 

 ufe of large hammers, with cutting ends on one fide, the 

 other being formed in a plain manner ; flrong, fharp, crow- 

 bars. 



