remaining gold 

 are to receive 



Q LI A 



.vellclofed, a fmall quantity of the gold will be diflolved 

 alontr with the filver, which is to be guarded agamft. Little 

 heat ouo-ht to be applied at the beginning, the liquor being 

 apt to fwell and rife over the veffel ; but when the acid is 

 nearly faturated, the heat may be fafely increafed. When 

 the folution ceafes, which may be known by the dilcontnni- 

 ance of the effervefcence, or emiffion of air-bubbles, the liquor 

 is to be poured ofF. If any grains appear entire, more aqua 

 fortis mud be added, that all the lilver may be diffolved. It 

 the operation has been performed flowly, the rf 

 will have ftill the form of dillincl matfes, which 

 folid;ty and colour by putting them into a tell under a muffle, 

 and making them red-hot. If the operation has been per- 

 formed hallilv, the gold will have the appearance o{ a black, 

 mud or powder, which after five or fix walTiings with pure 

 water, muR be melted. The filver is ufually recovered by 

 precipitating it from the aqua fortis by means of copper 

 veffels, into which the liquor is poured, or of plates of cop- 

 per, which are thrown along with the liquor into glafs veffels. 

 A confiderable heat is required to accelerate this precipitation. 

 Dr. Lewis obferves, that when the aqua fortis has been per- 

 feftly faturated with lilver, no precipitation is occafioned by 

 plates of copper, till a drop or two of aqua fortis is added 

 to the liquor, and then the precipitation begins, and con- 

 tinues as ufual. The precipitated filver muft be well walhed 

 in boiling water, and fufed with fome nitre, the ufe of which 

 is to fcorify any cupreous particles which may adhere to the 

 filver. 



Here we may add, that filver and gold may be parted 

 from one another by the vitriolic acid, as effeftually, though 

 not fo commodioufly, as by the nitrous. If the compound 

 be reduced into grains or thin plates, and boiled in about 

 twice its weight of oil of vitriol to drynefs, the filver will 

 be fo far corroded, as to be eafily walhed off by a little more 

 of the acid : or if the mafs, after the corrofion, be melted 

 in a crucible, the gold will feparate and fabfide,^ the filver 

 forming a fcoria above it. Gold may be purified^ in the 

 fame manner from fcveral other metallic bodies. M. Scheffer 

 fays, that this is the mod direA way of feparating tin from 

 gold. Lewis's Com. Phil. Techn. 95. 149, &c. See As- 

 saying, Depart, and Gold. 



QUARTAUT, in Commercf, a wine meafure in fome 

 parts of France : thus, at Blois, 3.74. quartauts are equal 

 to 100 Enghlh gallons, and each of them contains 6183 

 cubic inches ; in Burgundy, 3.6S quartauts are equal to 

 100 Englifli gallons, and each contains 6275 cubic inches. 

 Kelly's Un. Cam. 



QUARTE, Fr., Q^uarta, Ital, the 4.th in mufic, and 

 the third confonance in point of perfedlion, accordmg to 

 the order in which concords are generated. 



The 4th is a perfeft concord ; its ratio is 3 to 4. It is 

 compofed of three diatonic degrees, formed of four founds ; 

 whence it has its name of fourth. Its interval is compofed 

 of two tones and a half: a tone major, a tone minor, and a 

 major femitone. 



The 4th may be altered two feveral ways: ift, by di- 

 minifhing its interval a femitonc, and then it is called the 

 diminilhed or falfe 4th ; zdly, by augmenting it a femitone, 

 and then it is called a Iritoiius, or fuperfluous 4th. (See 

 Tritonus. ) But the diminilhed 4th is never ufed in har- 

 mony, and only touched now and then in melody as an ap- 

 poggiatura, or note of refinement. 



The 4th in thorough-bafe is accompanied by the I, and 

 called by fome the chord of the l ith. 



Another chord is called the fuperfluous 4th, or tritonus, 

 by the French ; which is what we call the chord of the I , 



QUA 



or *, in which the difcord is in the bafc ; but it is not th<; 

 chord of the tritonus, unlefs the 4th is (liarp. See Ciioun, 

 and Accompaniment. 



The fuccellion of two perfeft 4ths is allowed in compofi- 

 tion, even in fimilar motion, provided they are accompanied 

 by the 6th ; but thefe are palfages that mud not be abufed, 

 or pudied too far, as they are not authorized by the funda- 

 mental bafe. The Italians call a regular fuccefiion of chords 

 of the 6th /»//o bordone ; for which fee Fourth. 



QUARTEEL, in Commerce, a meafure for train-oil at 

 Hamburgh : it contains 2 tonnes, or 64 ftubgen, and it 

 reckoned at 2 centners, or 224 lbs. net weight. Kelly. 



QUARTELOIS, Cartelois, or Corluct, furtouti, or 

 upper garments, with coats of arms quartered on them, worn 

 by the ancient knights in their military expeditions. 



QUARTER, the fourth part of a whole, or integer di- 

 vided into four equal portions. 



In working of fradlions, the quarter is cxprefTed by 5 ; 

 three quarters by |. 



Quarter, as a Weight, is a fourth part of the quintal, 

 or hundred-weight. 



The quarter is 28 pounds avoirdupois. 

 Quarter is alfo a dry meafure, containing of corn eight 

 bufhels llriked, or two facks, being that by which corn is 

 generally fold in the London market, and in large quantities 

 in fome diftrifts of the country ; and the quarter of coals is 

 the fourth part of a chaldron, called a vat. 



" Quarterium frumenti conftat ex ofto buffellis." Fleta, 

 lib. ii. This feems to have fignified originally the fourth 

 part of a ton in weight, or capacity. See Weight. 



Quarter, in AJlronomy, the fourth part of the moon's 

 period, or lunation, which is divided into four ftages, or 

 quarters ; containing each from feven to eight days. 



The firft quarter is from the new moon to the quadrature ; 

 the fecond thence to the fuli moon, &c. 



Quarter, in Heraldry, is fometimes ufed for an efcut- 

 cheon, or coat of arms. 



In this fenfe there are fixteen quarters required to prove 

 nobility, in companies, or orders, where none but nobles 

 are admitted. 



The word quarters, required as a proof of nobility, is 

 derived hence, that they ufed anciently to put the coats of 

 arms of the father, mother, grandfather, and grandmother, 

 on the four corners of the tomb of the deceafed. 



In Flanders and Germany we frequently fee tombs that 

 have eight, fixteen, and even thirty-two quarters. 



Quarter is alfo applied to the parts or members of the 

 firft divifion of a coat that is quartered, or divided into four 

 quarters. See Quartering. 



The king of Great Britain, in the firft quarter, beare 

 gules three lions pafTant or, &c. In the fecond quarter he 

 bears azure three fleurs-de-lis, &c. 



Quarter, Franc, is a quarter fingle, or alone ; which 

 ii to poflefs one-fourth part of the field. 



This makes one of the honourable ordinaries of a coat. 

 See Ordin.\ry. 



Quarter, in Lww, Quartei-hm. jinni, is the fourth part 

 of a year. 



Hence the days on which thofe quarters ilatedly com- 

 mence, are called quarter-days. 



Quarter-days are the 25th of March, called Lady-day ; 

 the 24th of June, called Midfummer-day ; the 29th of Sep- 

 tember, called Michaelmas-day ; and the 25th of December, 

 or Chriftmas-day. 



Quarter, Fr., in old counterpoint, was proceeding in 



difcant by a fuccefiion of 4ths ; which was called, in bar- 



7 barous 



1 



