QUA 



The quartile afpeft is marked thus D . See Aspect. 

 QUARTILLO, in Cominerce, a liquid moafiire in 

 Spain. At Barcelona, Ii8 quartillosarc equal to 32 quar- 

 teras. (See Quaktera.) A moyo of wine contains i 6 ar- 

 robas ; an arroba 8 a7.\inibrcs, or 2 quartillos. The ar- 

 roba of wine contains 341b. of river water (Caitilian weight), 

 and meafures 1237^ Spanifh, or 981 Englidi cubic inches ; 

 hence four fuch arrobas are cqu,-.l to 17 Englifh wine gallons. 

 The arroba of oil meafures 9664 Spanilh, or 771 Englifti 

 cubic inches ; io that three fuch arrobas correipond to 10 

 Englifh gallons : this arroba is divided into 4 quartillos, or 

 100 quarterones, or panillas. A Spanifh botta contains 30 

 arrobas of wine, or 38^ of oil ; a pipe is 27 arrobas of 

 wine, or 34^ of oil; thus thebottais=: 127^ Englifh gal- 

 lons, andthepipe = 1144. Kelly 

 Measures. 



QUARTO, or 4^5. a book whereof four leaves, or eight 

 pages, make a fheet. 



Quarto, in Commerce, a money of account in Spain. 

 See Reat,. 



Quarto Dell Torn, in Geography, a town of Naples, in 

 Capitanata ; 12 miles W. of Salpe. 



Quarto die pojl, in Lain, denotes the fourth day inclu- 

 five beyond the return of a writ, in which thofe that are 

 fummoned are allowed to make their appearance. See 

 EssoiGN i/av of term. 



QUARTO-DECIMANS, Quarto-decimani, in Ec- 

 clefiaflical Hijhry, an ancient feft in the church, who main- 

 tained, that Eailer was always to be celebrated, conformably 

 to the cuiloni of the Jews, on the fourteenth day of the 

 moon in tlie month of March, whenfoever that day fell out. 

 And hence their name Quarto-decimani, q. d. Four- 

 teenthers. 



The Afiatics were mightily attached to this opinion, pre 



QUA 



whatever forms or colours they may prefent, whether maffive 

 or cryllallized. 



QiKirtz has moft commonly a conchoidal frafture, but 

 fometimes the fradlurc is undulated, foliated, or fphntery. 

 The luflre is vitreous. Quartz ha-! various degrees of 

 tranfparency ; from a perfectly pellucid colourlefs flate, it 

 pafleb by different gradations to opacity : but all tfie varieties, 

 except fmople, admit light through the very minute frag- 

 ... 'pijg colours are various, owing to the impregnation 



or intermixture with foreign fubflances. The fpecific gra- 

 vity of quartz is from z.58 to 2.65. It yields a phofpho- 

 refccnt light when rubbed, and is not foluble in any of the 

 acids except the fluoric. According to Vauquelin, pow- 

 dered quartz gives a green colour to tinfture of violets. 

 See Tab. XXXII. of Cryflallized quartz prefents the phenomenon of double re- 

 fraftion, when an object is feen through one fide of the py- 

 ramid that terminates the cryftals, and the oppofite fide of 

 the hexagonal prifm on which it is placed, in the mofl com- 

 mon variety of the fecondary forms of thefe cryflals. 



The fubflances found imbedded in quartz are, ores of ti- 

 tanium, antimony, gold, filvcr, copper, and lead, arfenic, 

 and micaceous iron ore, with chlorite, hornblende, felfpar, 

 garnet, and fluat of lime. It is alfo penetrated by fibres of 

 afbeflus, and by minute lamin:E of mica and epidote : the 

 latter fubflance is fometimes fo intimately diffufed through 

 quartz as to give it an homogeneous green colour. This va- 

 riety of quartz is called prafe. 



Quartz cryitallizes diltinftly : fomc of the cryftals are of 

 confiderable flze. 



In the imperial cabinet of Vienna, tliere is faid to be a 

 cryftal of quartz feven feet in length. The forms of cryf- 

 talline quartz are various ; they have been reduced by modern 

 mineralogifls to fix or feven principal varieties. The moil 

 common is a fix-fided prifm, terminated by a fix-fided py. 

 tending that it was built on the authority of St. John, who ramid, or two fix-fided pyramids joined at their bafes. The 

 was their apoftle ; and pope Vittor could never bring them fides of thefe pyramids are ifofceles triangles, having the 

 to obedience in this article, though he was upon the point of vertical angle 40'', and each of the angles at the bafe 70° 



excommunicating them : but it is more probable he contented 

 himfelf with menaces. See Easter. 



QUARTUM^ar conjlr'mgens, in Anatomy, a name given 

 by Spigelius and fome others to the mufcle called by Albi- 

 nus and Riolanus orbicularis oris ; and by Cowper and fome 

 others, conflriclor labiorum. 



QUARTUS hyo'idis mufculus, a name given by Vefahus, 

 Fabricius, and many other anatomifls, to a mufcle now ge- 

 nerally called the coracohyoidsus. 



Tlie fides of the upper and lower pyramids are inclined to 

 each other at an angle of 104°. According to Haiiy, the 

 primitive form of the cryftal is a rhomboid, varying little from 

 the cube, the angles being 94° and 86''. The primitive 

 rhomboid is rarely found in nature ; it occurs fometimes in 

 red hematite, coated with that mineral, and in chalcedony. 



Bubbles containing air, water, and bitumen, are fome- 

 times feen in quartz cryftals, and have given rife to much 

 fpeculation refpefting their formation. Siliceous earth, of 



QuARTUS oculum moveiis, a name given by Vefalius to one which thefe cryftals are compofed, is infoluble in water, by 

 of the mufcles of the eye, called by fome reftus inferior, and artificial means ; but in the great laboratory of nature, its 



by others humilis. 



It is the deprefTor oculi of Albinus, being one of the 

 quatuor refti oculi of that author. 



QUARTZ, in Mineralogy. No fubftance in the mineral 

 kingdom is more abundantly diftributed than quartz. 

 Grains of quartz generally compofe a confiderable part of 

 the fands on the fea-lhore, and of the fand-lloncs of the le- 

 condnry flrata. Rolled pieces of quartz, or pebbles and 

 boulders, are widely fcatterred over alluvial diftrifts. Quartz 

 is dilfeminated through granite, gneifs, mica-flate, and other 

 compound rocks which conftitute the loftiefl mountains on 



folution is efFedled probably by the effefl of heat and com- 

 preffion, as filex exifts in the boiling fountains of Iceland 

 and the Azores, and in the hot fprings of Bath, Italy, and 

 various parts of the world. It has Ijeen fuppofed that the 

 filiceous earth was held in folution by foda ; but Klaproth, 

 wlio nnalyfed the waters from the Reikum, in Iceland, thinks 

 the quantity of alkali too fmall to have diffolved the filex. 

 One hundred cubic inches contained nine grains of filex, three 

 of carbonate of foda, eight of common fait, and five of 

 fulphate of foda. If rock cryftals were formed in an aqueous 

 folution greatly heated and comprefled, it would not be 



the globe ; it alfo forms veins of vaft extent interfering thefe difficult to conceive how volatile matter might be involved in 



mountains, and fometimes entire fimple rocks are compofed 

 of this mineral. Quartz has a confiderable degree of hard- 

 nefs, always ftriking fire with fteel when the fragments have 

 fnfficient folidity to refill the fhock. Powdered quartz feels 

 harlh, and, when rubbed on polifhed fteel, or on glaf?, 

 fcratchcs the furface. Quartz is infufible by the common 

 blowpipe. Thefe two qualities, hardnefs and infufibility, 

 arc the elfential cliarafters of all the varieties of quartz, 



12 



the fubftance of the cryftal during its formation ; but our 

 knowledge of the fubterranean operations of nature is at 

 prefent too limited to enable us to afcertain, or even to form 

 any rational conjefture in what manner fome of her more 

 myfterious proccii'es are efifefted. Thofe who have frequent 

 opportunities of exploring mines, will not be difpofed to 

 deny that filiceous ftalaftites, and cryftals, are now forming 

 at the coutmon temperature of the earth, as they are ob- 



ferved 



