QUERCUS. 



Ion?." Found by Lewis Nee, in the kingdom of Mexico, 



near Acapiilco. A tree twenty-tight feet high, with alter- 

 nate branches ; the young ones fomewhat furrowed, and 

 clothed with brownifh-red hairs. Leaves from five to fcven 

 inches long, an inch wide, fcaltered, on (liort (talks, rather 

 coriaceous, fmootli, veiny, entire, wavy, pointed ; reticu- 

 lated and green above ; yellowifh beneath, with tufts of 

 hairs, as big as a pin's head, in the forks of the veins. 

 Acorns nearly feffile, in axillary pairs, the fize of a hazel- 

 nut, downy, half covered by the hemifphcrical, greyilh, 

 villous cup, befet with very thin fcales. Ncc. 



g. Q. glabra. Smooth-leaved Japan Oak. Thunb. Jap. 

 175. Willd. n. 9. — " Leaves lanceolate-oblong, pointed, 

 fmooth, with parallel veins." — Gathered by Thunberg in 

 Japan. A tree, whofe branches grow two or three togetlier, 

 flightly fpreading, rugged and knotty. Leaves alternate, 

 ftalked, lanceolate-oblong, entire, pointed, with parallel ribs 

 (veins) ; tapering at the bafe ; fmooth on both fides ; 

 fhining above, yellowifti beneath. Spikes of flowers either 

 folitary, or two or three together, downy. Thunberg. 



10. Q. concentrica. Concentric-furrowed Oak. Loureir. 

 Cochinch. 572. Willd. n. 10. — " Leaves lanceolate-ovate, 

 pointed, incurved, entire. Calyx lax, very fhort, fur- 

 rowed concentrically." — Native of the lofty forefts of Co- 

 chinchina. A large tree, whofe wood is ferviceable for 

 various ufes. Branches afcending. Leaves fcattered, 

 ftalked, fmooth on both fides. Acorns ftalked, oblong- 

 ovate, fmooth, red, pointed, their cups ftiort and lax, ex- 

 ternally marked with five parallel circular furrows ; fee 

 n. 27. 



11. Q. molucca. Molucca Oak. Linn. Sp. PI. I412. 

 Willd. n. II. Rumph. Amboin. v. :;. 85. t. 56. — Leaves 

 elliptic-lanceolate, entire, acute at each end, fmooth. Nut 

 roundifh, furrowed. — Native of the Molucca ifles. A large 

 and lofty tree, whofe wood is hard and heavy, lafting long 

 under water. Leaves fix or eight inches long and three 

 broad, on (hort italks, with eight or ten irregular lateral 

 veins. Acorns fhort and roundifh, furrowed in their upper 

 part ; the cup fhort, warty. By Rumphius's account, 

 there feem to be more fpecies than one comprehended under 

 the chapter above cited, but he does not give us fufficient 

 marks to define them fpecifically. 



12. Q. fpicata. Clufter-fruitcd Oak. — Leaves elliptic- 

 lanceolate, taper-pointed, entire, fmooth. Spikes axillary, 

 folitary, dioecious. Fruit fpikcd, aggregate, ovate. — Ga- 

 thered by Dr. Francis Buchanan, in woods at Suembu, in 

 Upper Ncpaul, flowering in May, 1802. This is a /r« of 

 vaft dmienfions, whofe wood is ufeful, though inferior in 

 quality to that of Q. annulata, n. 22. The younger ^raHc/ifj 

 are angulir, clothed with very minute green pubefcence. 

 Leaves alternate, ftalked, of a broad lanceolate, or ellipti- 

 cal figure, with a taper point, entire throughout, fix or 

 feven inches long, and two and a half wide ; bright green, 

 fmooth and fhining above ; paler, opaque, but fcarcely 

 pubefcent, beneath ; furniflicd with numerous, parallel, tranf- 

 verfe veins. Footjlalls not an inch long, deprefl'ed. Stipulas 

 deciduous. Fhiuers in long, linear, downy, pale, ftraight, 

 folitary, axillary yjliit'j ; the males with about <A'^\Xjlamens, 

 much longer than the calyx, and a roundifh rudiment of a ger- 

 men in the centre ; females on a feparate tree, crowded three 

 together in feffile groups in each fpike. Acorns eatable, but 

 not very good, the fize and ftiape of a large filberd, even, 

 pointed, dark brown ; their cups fhort, fcaly. The origi- 

 nal natives of Nepaul, or Nawars, know this tree by the 

 name of Guey Sajhi, or Pacujhingal't : their Hindu con- 

 querors, the Parbutties, call it Arcaula. 



'3- Q- tribukides. Caltrop.fruited Oak. — Leaves ovato- 



lanceolate, taper-pointed, entire, fmooth. Spikci aggrcr- 

 gate. Calyx of the fruit fpinous, covering tiie nut. — Dif- 

 covered by the fame able botanili as the preceding, in the 

 fv refts of Upper Nepaul, flowering and fruiting at various 

 feafoHS. A tree with fmooth branches. Leaves on fhort 

 Calks, lanceolate, more or lefs ovate, fomewhat unequal at 

 the bafe, about four inches long, and one and a half broad, 

 rigid and rather coriaceous, with irregular, diftant, flightly 

 curved veins ; the upper furface pohflied ; the under paler 

 and opaque. Flowers monoecious, in flender, downy, cluf- 

 tered, axillary or terminal, pendulous fpikes, the male fpikes 

 mod numerous. Stamens about eight, with a dotted central 

 diflc. Acorns fpiked, fcattered, ovate, fmooth, obliquely 

 pointed, about half an inch long, entirely concealed in the 

 greatly enlarged calyx, which is downy, globofe, and armed 

 with very numerous, rigid, prominent, fliarp thorns, a 

 quarter of an inch, or more, in length, fpreading in every di- 

 reftion. This fpecies is called Cattum, or Cattunge, in the 

 Parbutty language ; Sh'ingnli, or Catu Shingali, by the Na- 

 wars. Its great peculiarity conillls in the acorns, which are 

 eatable, being entirely enclofed in a ftrongly muricated i-a/yx, 

 or globofe cup, which approaches the nature of thechefiiut, 

 Fagus Cajlanea, and in fome of our fpecimens feems even to 

 fplit into two or three valves. The flowers, however, agree 

 with Chierctis, to which genus Dr. Buchanan referred this re- 

 markable plant. On one tree he obfervcd the Jloiuers to be 

 all female. 



14. Q. laurtfolia. Laurel-leaved Oak. Willd. n. 12. 

 Ait. n. 4. Purfli n. 8. Michaux Querc. v.. 10. t. 17, 18.. 

 — Leaves obovate, entire, imooth, nearly feflile ; tapering 

 at the bafe. Nut roundifli, even. — Native of fhady forefts, 

 and the fea-coaft, in Georgia «nd South Carolina, flowering 

 in May. This is fometimes called the Swamp Willow, and 

 was firil brought alive to England, by the late Mr. Frafer, 

 in 1786. It rifes to the height of fifty or fixty feet. Mi- 

 chaux fpeaks of the wood as of a good quality, but inferior 

 on the whole to that of our fifth fpecies, {J_. virens. The 

 leaves are crowded about the ends of the branches, deciduous, 

 about four inches long, ufually acute, but fometimes, as in 

 Michaux's t. 1 8, remarkably abtufe. Acorns folitary, nearly 

 fcflilc, almoft globofe, with a fcaly cup. 



15. O. imbricaria. Shingle Oak. Willd. n. 13. Ait. 

 n. 5. Purfli n. 7. Michaux Querc. n. 9. t. 15, 16. — 

 Leaves elliptic-oblong, acute at each end, entire, almoft fef- 

 file ; downy beneath. Nut nearly globofe Native of the 



banks of rivers among the Allegany mountains, and in the 

 countries to the welt, rarely to the eait of thofe mountains, 

 flowering in May and June. Brought to England in 1786, 

 by Mr. Frafer. The leaves are twice the fize of the laft, 

 acute, but not contracted, at their bafe, and downy on the 

 under fide. Acorns much Hke the lail-defcribed. This tree 

 is forty or fifty feet high. Its wood is chiefly ufed, by the 

 French fettlers m the lUinois countiy, for making boards to 

 cover houfes, whence the appellation of Q. imbricaria in 

 Michaux, and of Sbingxe Oak among the Englifh Ameri- 

 cans. For although the fcales of the cup are rather larger 

 than thofe of Q- laurifolia, the fpecilic name does not allude 

 to that circumftance. 



16. Q. clUpiica. OvaUeaved Mexican Oak. Willd. 

 n. 14. Nee in Annal. Scient. Nat. v. 3. 278. Fifch. 

 Mifc. Hifp. v. I. 117. — " Leaves elliptical, entire, coria- 

 ceous, nearly feflile ; rounded at each end ; roughifh be- 

 neath. Gathered by Louis Nee, but without flowers or 

 fruit, in the kingdom of Mexico, by the road from Ixnii- 

 quilpan to Cimapan, as well as between Tixtala and the 

 river Azul. The trunk is thick, twelve feet high, with a 

 grey bark. Branches horizontal : the fmaller flioots ereft ; 



all 



