QUERCUS. 



elliptic-oblong, rigid, taper-pointed, fliarply ferrated ; 

 fmooth and green above ; glaucous and often Ancly downy 

 beneath, with innumerable, prominent, crowded, ftraight, 

 parallel, moftiy oppofite, obliquely tranfverfe veins : the 

 afpeA and fize of the leaves much refembling DilUnia indka. 

 Footjialis an inch and half long, t\imid at the bafe. Sti- 

 pulas deciduous. Female fonvers in (hort axillary fpikes. 

 jicorns ovate, pointed, the fize of clicfnuta, each completely 

 enveloped and concealed by the large, globular, downy aip, 

 which is as big as a fmall apple, and confifts of eight or nine 

 diftin<a, concentric, cntin-, imbricated layers, much more 

 deeply feparatcd than the rings of Q. annulata. An ap- 

 proach towards the genus Fagus, or Cqftanea of fome autliors, 

 may be obferved, as Dr. Buchanan fuggefts, in this fpecies, 

 which is neverthelcfs a genuine Quercus, and far lefs doubt- 

 ful than our tribuloida, n. 13. It proves however that the 

 mere elongation of the acorn, beyond the cup, is not an 

 indifpenfable charafter of the prefent genus. See alfo to- 

 meniafa, n. 42. 



24. Q. cufpidata. Pointed Japan Oak. Thunb. Jap. 176. 

 Willd. n. 19. (Sui, vulgo Sfi no ki ; Ksmpf. Amoen. 816.) 

 " Leaves ovate, pointed, ferrated, fmooth. Calyx prickly." 

 — Native of Japan, about Nagafaki. A tree, with Itriated, 

 fmooth, fpreading branches. Leaves alternate, ilalked, an 

 inch long, ovate, rounded at the bafe, pointed, fmooth on 

 both fides, with parallel veins ; their upper half ferrated. 

 Female Jloiuers fcattered over the young branches, folitary, 

 nearly feflile. Cup of the acorn prickly, the fize of a hazel- 

 nut. Thunb. This fpecies, hke n. 13, appears, by its 

 prickly cup, allied to Fagus ; efpecially as Ksempfer, who 

 calls it Fagus folio fraxlni, defcribes the dry cup as fphtting 

 into three, four, or five parts. The nut is eaten by the 

 Japanefe, either raw or cooked. 



25. Q. /errata. Saw-leaved Japan Oak. Thunb. 



Jap. 176. Willd. n. 20 " Leaves oblong, ferrated, 



villous and downy, with parallel veins." — Native of Japan, 

 flowering in May and June. A tree, with alternate, fmooth, 

 a(h-coloured, knotty, fpreading branches, befprinkled with 

 white tubercles. Leaves alternate, pointed, all acutely and 

 equally ferrated, furnifhed with ftraight parallel veins ; green 

 above and very filky when young ; paler beneath, filky and 

 downy at firlt, but fubfequently more flightly villous ; their 

 length from one to three inches. Male Jleivers in hairy, 

 drooping, long-ftalked fpikes, each an inch long. Our 

 fpecimen is in an early ftate of foliage, nor have we any ac- 

 count of X^as fruit, or female ^owe/j-. 



26. Q. dentata. Tooth-leaved Japan Oak. Thunb. 

 Jap. 177. Willd. n. 69. (Koku; Krempf. Amoen. 816.) 

 — " Leaves obovate-oblong, obtufe, deeply toothed ; downy 

 beneath." — Native of hills in Japan, flowering in April and 

 May. A tree, with thick, ereft, rugged, furrowed branches, 

 befprinkled with dots and tubercles ; downy at the fummits. 

 Leaves crowded about the extremities, on very (hort ftalks, 

 obovate-oblong, obtufe, with deep teeth deftitute of fpines ; 

 villous above ; downy beneath ; pliant, two inches long ; 

 their veins parallel. Thunb. Kosmpfer fays the wood is 

 white. 



27. Q. lanata. Woolly-leaved Nepaul Oak. — Leaves 

 elliptic-oblong, fharply ferrated, coriaceous ; denfely woolly 

 beneatli. Fruit in axillary folitary fpikes. Calyx fcaly, 

 without prickles. Native of the mountains of Upper Ne- 

 paul, flowering in April. Buchanan. The Parbutties call 

 it Ban%a, or Banja; the Nawars So/hi Shingali. This is a 

 tree of vaft dimenfions, with a fcaly bark, and rigid, brown, 

 warty branches, clothed, when young, with der.fe white 

 down. Leaves altctnate, fomewhat two-ranked, (talked, 

 elliptic-oblong, fometimes rather obovate, pointed, from 



three to five inches in length, and two or more in breadth 

 itrongly and fharply l*rrated, except at the very bafe, whicli 

 is more or lc(s rounded, and occafionally unequal; the upper 

 lurface green, (hining, and naked, (except when young), 

 but not quite fmooth to the touch ; the under clothed with 

 (ine, denfe, uniform, white, woolly pubefcence, and marked 

 with prominent, parallel, but not very crowded, obliquely- 

 tranfverfe veins. Foot/lalis ftout, downy, fcarcely an inch 

 long. Stipulas ovate, membranous, deciduous. Vi-Avjlo'wers 

 ill fhort, denle, hmy fpikes, at the bafe of the young fhoots, 

 as they protrude from, the bud. Calyx with five or fix teeth. 

 yinlhers about fix, feflile. Female Jloiuers, as far as Dr. 

 Buchanan could obferve, on a feparate tree, iR very (hort, 

 folitary, axillar}^ fpikes. Acorns either folitary, or feveral 

 crowded together, fmall, ovate, hairy, half covered by their 

 fcaly unarmed cups. 



28. Q. diverfifolia. Various-leaved Mexican Oak. Willd. 

 n. 21. Nee in Annal. Scient. Nat. v. 3. 270. Fifch. Mifc . 

 Hifp. V. I. 107. Willd. — Leaves ovate, undivided or 

 deeply toothed ; yellow and downy beneath. Fruit fpiked, 

 globofe. — Found by Louis Nee, between the villages of 

 Chalraa and Santa Rofa in New Spain. A Jhrub, from 

 ten to fourteen feet high ; its trunk feldom itraight ; the 

 bark cracked, dark-coloured; the branches alternate. Leaves 

 either an inch and half long, and undivided, or two inches 

 and a half, and deeply toothed ; fmooth and fhining above ; 

 downy, and dull yellow, beneath. Fooljlalks hardly a line 

 in length. Stipulas oblong, reddi(h, membranous, COB- 

 trafted at the bafe, deciduous. Acorns four or five, fefTile, 

 OH a thread-fhaped axillary ftalk, two inches long. Cup the 

 fize and (hape of a pea, covered with fcales. Nuts fcarcely 

 projefting above a line beyond the cup. Nee. The fruit, 

 being felfile, is evidently fpiked, not, as the authors quoted 

 term it, racemofe. 



29. Q. agrifolia. Holly-leaved American Oak. Willd. 

 n. 22. Nee in Annal. Scient. Nat. v. 3. 271. Fifch. Mifc. 

 Hifp. V. I. 108. Willd. Purfh n. 9. — Leaves roundifh- 

 ovate, fomewhat heart-ihaped, fmooth on both fides, with 

 fpinous teeth. Fruit axillary, feflile. Scales of the calyx 

 lax. Nut ovate. — Native of the weft (not eaft) coaft of 

 North America, near Monterey, and Nootka found. Nee. 

 Branches fmooth, afh-coloured. Leaves about two inches 

 long, and almoft as wide, fmooth, veiny, nearly heart- 

 fliaped, bordered with diftant fpinous teeth. Spikes of 

 male Jloiuers an inch long. Calyx fhorter than the ftamens- 

 Anthers five, two-celled. Female Jloivers axillary, felTile, 

 moftiy two together. Calyx hemifpherical, befet with lax 

 yellow fcales. Nut thrice as long as the calyx, meafuring 

 eight lines, ovate, acute. Nee. 



Plukenet's t. 196. f. 3, cited with doubt by Willdenow 

 and Pur(h, appears to belong, as Linnseus thought, to his 

 own Hippomane fpinofa. The (hape of the leaves certainly 

 does not agree with the above defcription, though perfeftly 

 anfwerable to Plumier's figure of this Hippomane, which is 

 Sapium ilicifoUum of Willdenow, Sp. PI. v. 4. 573, wlio 

 there copies the fame fynonym from Linnaeus, without any 

 mark of uncertainty. 



30. Q. gramuntia. Holly-leaved Montpellier Oak. 

 Linn. Sp. PI. 1413. Willd. n. 23. Ait. n. 6. (Ilex foliie 

 rotundioribus et fpinofis, e luco gramuntio ; Magn. Monfp. 

 140.) — Leaves roundi(h-eUiptical, nearly feflile, undulated, 

 with deep fpinous divaricated teeth ; denfely downy beneath; 

 fomewhat heart-fhaped at the bafe. — Native of the wood of 

 Gramont, near Montpellier, and of Spain. Cultivated in 

 England in 1730. It blolToms in June. This is rather a 

 fmall ftraggling tree, with numerous round grey branches, 

 downy when young. Leaves evergreen, fcarcely an inch 



01 l*ng, 



