QUERCUS. 



t. 8.) Leaves on long footttalks, oblong-lanccolatc, 



pointed ; fomewhat downy beneath ; with numerous, nearly 

 equal, dilated, acute, callous-tipped, tooth-like ferratures. 

 Calyx hemifpherical. Nut roundifli-ovate. — Found in the 

 Allegany mountains, and on the banks of the Delaware, 

 flowering in May. Purjlj. Michaux fays it occurs in all 

 ihe fertile countries to the well of thofe mountains ; and as 

 the temperature of that climate agrees with the north of 

 Europe, the tree in quettion would be well worth trying 

 here. The luood is excellent ; hark very ferviceable in tan- 

 ning ; and the acorns fwect. The tree is large and hand- 

 fome, feventy or eighty feet high. Leaves much like thofe 

 of our Sweet Chelnut in form, but glaucous and often 

 downy beneath. Jcorns much rounder than in any of the 

 four preceding, and fhorter in proportion to the cup. 

 Thefe Chefnut Oaks, Pr'mus and its aUies, feem not to 

 have as yet attrafted the notice of European cultivators, 

 perhaps from their having been improperly confounded by 

 botaniits. The above accounts of their dillinftions, and 

 their valuable qualities, it is hoped, may caufe them to be 

 fought out, and introduced into this country. Their dif- 

 ferent acorns might furely be cafily imported. 

 Seftion 3. — Leaves lohed at the extremity. 

 52. Q. aqiiatica. Water Oak. Soland. in Ait. Hort. 

 Kew. ed. I. v. 3. 357. ed. 2. n. 11. Willd. n.45. Pur(h 

 n. II. Michaux Querc. n. 11. t. 19. t. 20. f. i, 3, 4, 5, 

 and t. 21. (Q. foliis cuneiformibus, obfolete trilobis, in- 

 termedio produdliore ; Gron. Virg. 149. Q. folio non 

 ferrato, in fummitate quafi triangulate ; Catefb. Carol, v. I. 

 t. 20. Herb. Linn.) — Leaves wedge-fliaped, fmooth ; 

 tapering at the bafe ; dilated and obfcurely three-lobed at 

 the end, the middle lobe largeft. Calyx nearly hemifphe- 

 rical. Nut roundifh. — Native of fwamps in North Ame- 

 rica, from iVIaryland to Florida, bloffoming in May. Miller 

 is faid to have cultivated this fpecies in 1748, but it is little 

 known in England. The tree is forty feet high ; its wood, 

 according to Purfli and Michaux, is little efteemed ; but the 

 latter is of opinion that it might prove more valuable if felled 

 in winter ; he mentions alio that the tree is not peculiar to 

 fwamps, or inundated meadows, but occurs fometimes in 

 dry fandy ground, as on plains near the fea-coaft of Florida. 

 Few trees vary fo much in the fliape of their leaves, according 

 to age or fituation, as this. The proper form of its foliage 

 is wedge-fliaped, much elongated and tapering at the bafe ; 

 dilated, rhomboid, or very flightly and bluntly thi-ee-lobed 

 at the extremity ; the edges entire ; both fides ufually 

 fmooth. Footjlalks variable in length, but rather Ihort ; 

 . clothed, when young, with ftarry hairs, which are fome- 

 times fcattered over the back of the young leaf. Some of 

 its leaves however, even on the fame tree, are deeply three- 

 lobed ; and thofe of young plants are, the firft year, oblong 

 and quite entire ; the next two or three feafons, varioufly 

 toothed and finuated ; infomuch that botanifts know not 

 well how to diflinguifh its varieties from fome of the follow- 

 ing fpecies. The acorns are fhort and roundifh, with a 

 fhalloiv cup, and Hand generally in pairs, on (hort Italks. 



53. Q. nigra. Barren Oak, or Black Jack. Linn. Sp. 

 PI. 1413. WiUd. n. 46. Ait. n. 12. Purfh n. 15. Sm. 

 in Abbot's Inf. v. 2. 115. t. 58. Michaux Querc. n. 12. 

 t. 22, 23. (Q. marylandica, folio trilido, ad faffafras ac- 

 cedente; Catefb. Carol, v. i.t. 19.) — Leaves wedge-fhaped ; 

 fomewhat heart-(hapcd at the bafe ; dilated, abrupt, and 

 very (lightly three-lobed at the end ; the middle lobe (horteft ; 

 fmooth above ; rull) beneath. Calyx hemifpherical, with 

 membranous fcales. Nut roundi(h-ovate. — In barren fandy 

 or gravelly woods, from New Jerfey to Florida, flowering 

 in May, This tree is of low growth, efpecially in the more 



northern ftates. It bears abundance of acorns, rery good 

 food for hogs. The wood ia fmall, but excellent for fuel. 

 Purjlj. The leaves are twice or thrice the fize of the laft, 

 fingularly dilated, and abrupt, at the end ; their lobes, when 

 young, more evident, and each tipped with a brilUe, which 

 foon falls off. Acorns moilly in pairs, nearly felTile, with 

 very fcaly cups. 



54. Q. triloba. Downy Black Oak. Willd. n. 47. Ait. 

 n. 13. Purfti n. 14. Michaux Querc. n. 14. t. 26. (Q. 

 rubra; Abbot's Inf. v. i. 99. t. 50.) — Leaves wedge- 

 fliaped, with three terminal, brilUy-pointed lobes, the middle 

 one longefl ; downy beneath. Calyx of the fruit flattifh. 

 Nut nearly round. — Native of barren trafts, near the fea- 

 coall, from New Jerfey to Georgia, flowering in May. It 

 was brought to England in 1 800, by Meflrs. Frafer. The 

 tree is fifty or fixty feet high, of rapid growth, even in a poor 

 foil. Michaux defcribes it as very fit for making live 

 fences ; though the wood is molt generally ufed in America 

 for paling. The leaves are much Imaller than thofe of 

 O. nigra, rounded, not heart-(haped, at the bafe, and with 

 \ongcr footjlalis. ' Their lobes are direft, not laterally dilated, 

 each tipped with one or more fmall brilUes, and the under fide 

 is covered with denfe white down. The foliage of young 

 fhoots, that fpring up where forefts of this tree have been 

 burnt, are often near a foot long, deeply pinnatifid, and 

 fharply lobed ; as reprefented in Michaux, t. 26. f. 2. 



55. Q. nana. Dwarf Jagged Oak. Willd. n. 48. 

 Purfli n. 13. (Q. aquatica ; Sm. in Abbot's Inf. v. 2, 

 117. t. 59. Q. aquatica elongata ; Ait. n. 1 1, -..) — Leaves 

 oblong-wedge-fhaped, fmooth, fomewhat finuated ; three- 

 lobed at the extremity : lobes divaricated, pointed, the 

 middle one largeft ; forks of the vein downy beneath. — In 

 barren lands, called pine-barrens, of South Carolina, flower- 

 ing in May. Purfh defcribes it as " a low-growing fpecies, 

 always keeping dillinft from (). aquatica.^' The leaves are 

 almoft feffile, two or three inches long, much more dillindlly 

 lobed than in aquatica or nigra, and more finuated or angular 

 befides, than in any of the three laft defcribed. The acorns 

 are almoft globular, with a very fhallow cup. 



Seftion 4. — Leaves finuated, •with pointed lobes. 



56. Q. hemifphitrica. Hemifpherical Oak. " Bertram's 

 Travels 320." Willd. n. 49. Purfh n. 12. (Q. aquatica 

 maritima ; Michaux Querc. n. II. t. 20. f. 2.) — " Leaves 

 evergrein, oblong-lanceolate ; undivided, three-lobed, or 

 finuated; fmooth on both fides ; lobes pointed." Willd. — 

 Native of Georgia and Florida. Some of the leaves are 

 very deeply three-lobed, or pinnatifid ; others linear-oblong 

 and undivided. Willdenow fays they are evergreen, and that 

 the foliage of the young plant is fo like Q. Fhellos, our firft 

 fpecies, as to be hardly diftinguifhable. Michaux, how- 

 ever, aflerts this fuppofed fpecies to be but a maritime 

 variety of aquatica, and Purfh thinks it a young plant of 

 that kind. 



57. Q. elongata. Downy-leaved Oak. Willd. n. 50. 

 All. n. 14. (Q. falcata ; Michaux Querc. n. 16. t. 28. 

 Purfh n. 22. Q. difcolor ; Ait. ed. i. v. 3. 358.) — Leaves 

 downy beneath, finuated, withthree or more fomewhat falcate, 

 brilUe-pointed lobes ; the terminal one elongated, jagged. 

 Calyx hemifpherical. — In fandy foil, near the fea-coaft ; 

 from New Jerfey to Georgia, flowering in May. A very 

 large tree, commonly called Spanifh Oak ; iw the fouthern 

 llates. Red Oak. Purfh. The height of the tree is fifty or 

 fixty feet. Z,caiT« on long ftalks ; obtufe or rounded at the 

 bafe ; deeply lobed, or in fome meafure palmate ; the lobes 

 often recurved, or fickle-fhaped ; taper-pointed, and more or 

 lefs notched at the end, each fegment tipped with a long 

 briftle. Acorns fmall, roundifh ; its cup hemifpherical, with 



las 



