QUERCUS. 



lax fcalcs. The leaves of young trees are faid to be very like 

 thofe of tii/oiii, n. 54. 



58. Q. timloria. Dyers' Oak, Black Oak, or Quercitron. 

 Willd. n. yi. Ait. n. 15. Piirfli n. 16. (Q.tinftoria an- 

 gulofa ; Michaux Querc. n. 13. t. 24. Q. difcolor ; Willd. 

 Arb. 274.) — Leaver downy beneath, obovato-oblong, di- 

 lated, widely liniuitcd ; lobes (liort, obtufe, (ligihtly toothed, 

 brifllc-poiiited. Calyx of the fruit flat underneath. Nut 

 globofe. — In all large woods, particularly in the mountainous 

 parts, from New England to Georgia, flowering in May. It 

 is one of the largell trees of the American foreil, highly 

 valuable for it? timber, as well as bark, wiiich lad is fo very 

 fuptrior in tanning to any other ipecies of Oak. PurJIi. 

 Michaux fays, this Oak is found only in a good foil, always 

 at a dillance from the fea ; attaining its greateft fize, which 

 is eighty feet in height, and eight in diameter, in the vallics 

 between the high mountains of^ North Carolina. The bark 

 is ufed by tanners, throughout tlie north' and weft parts of 

 the United States. It gives a yellowiih colour, whence the 

 name of Quercitron, and which enhances the value of the 

 leather. The bark, bruifed and powdered, was in great re- 

 quell among dyers in France, before the war interrupted this 

 branch of commerce. The leaves are confpicuous for their 

 broad, angular, abrupt figure, a fpan long, and nearly as 

 wide, with (liallow finufes, and briftle-tipped angles. 

 Acorns almoft lellile, globular, with a fcaly, fhallow, flat- 

 ti(h cup. 



59. Q. difcdlnr. Sinuous Dyers' Oak. Willd. n. 52. 

 Purfh n. 17. Sm. in Abbot's Inf. v. 2. III. t. 56. (Q. 

 tinftoria fniuofa ; Michaux Querc. n. 13. t. 25. Q. virgi- 

 niana, venis rubris muricata ; Pluk. Phyt. t. 54. f. 5.) — 

 Leaves downy beneath, oblong, piimatifid ; leaves oblong, 

 toothed, briiUe-pomted. Calyx turbinate. Nut ovate. — 

 In large foreils, from Pennfylvania to Carolina, flowering in 

 May. This refembles the preceding and (). coccinea, n. 61. 

 The young expanding leaves are covered with white down 

 on both fides, which is not the cale with either rubra or coc- 

 r'mea. Purjh. This differs from the lail in having much 

 more (inuated, or pinnatifid leaves, and larger, more ovate, 

 acorns, whofe cups are turbinate, or tapering at the bafe. 

 The quaHties of the wood and bark probably agree with 

 the tinSoria, or Michaux, who confiders the prefent plant as 

 but a variety, would have mentioned the contrary. 



60. Q. rubra. Mountain Red Oak. Linn. Sp. PI. 1413. 

 Willd. n. 53. Ait. n. 16. Purfh n, 20. Michaux Querc. 

 n. 20. t. 35, 36. Abbot's Inf. v. 2. 205. I. 103. (Q. 

 efculi diviiura, foliis amplioribus aculeatis ; Pluk. Phyt. 

 t. 54. f. 4.) — Leaves fmooth, oblong, fnniated, on long 

 ftaiks ; lobes acute, Iharply toothed, briftle-pointed. Calyx 

 of the fruit flat underneath. Nut ovate. — Native of foreils 

 on a fertile foil, from Canada to Ponnfylvania, and in all the 

 country weft of the Allegany mountains, bloiloming in May. 

 It was cultivated by Miller before 1739, and is to be found in 

 feveral plantations. A large and handfome timber tree, of 

 rapid growth ; its zuood highly ufeful for building and for car- 

 riages ; and the lark is faid by Michaux to be the very bell 

 known for tanning, the European tanners, tettled in Ame- 

 rica, having found it, by experiment, more efficacious than 

 any of the oak barks of Europe. The tree is ninety or one 

 hundred feet high. Leaves four or live inches long, onfoot- 



Jlalks about half that length ; unequally finuated or pinnatifid, 

 with ratiier fpreading, but not remote, lobes, whole ends 

 are very acute, as well as, here and there, tharply toothed, 

 oach tooth and point tipped with a long brillle. Acorns 

 rather large, ovate, with a (hortilh flat -bottomed cup. The 

 leaves turn of a deep red in autumn, which hue is common 

 to moft American trees and flirubs, in a greater or lefs 

 Vol. XXIX. 



degree. Purfli fiiys, this is cxclufively known by the name 



of Red Oak, though various others are fo denominated in 



feveral parts of America. 



i Q. amhi^ua, Michaux Arb. v. 2. 120. t. 24. Purfli n. 19, 



is fuppofed by the latter to be a hybrid between this and the- 



following. 



61. Q. coccinea. Scarlet Oak. Willd. n. 54. Ait. 

 n. 17. Purlh n. 18. Michaux Querc. n. i8. t. 31, 32. 

 ( Q. rubra /S ; Ait. ed. I. v. 3. 357.) — Leaves fmooth, ob- 

 long, deeply and widely finuated, on long ftaiks ; lobes di- 

 varicated, acute, Iharply toothed, brilUe-pointed. Calyx 

 of tile fruit turbinate, half as long as the nut. — Native of 

 woods, on a fertile foil, from New England to Georgia, 

 bloiloming in May. This was one ot the firft American 

 trees brought to Europe, having been cultivated before the 

 end of the 17th century, by bilhop Oompton, as well as by 

 the firft carl of Portland. The brigi.' red of the foliage in 

 autumn gives the tree a beautiful and ftriking appearance, 

 both in its native forefts and our European plantations. It 

 nearly equals the preceding in fize ; tlie tuood, according to 

 Michaux, is better, but the bark lefs valuable. The leavet 

 are larger, with deeper, more rounded, finufes, and more 

 dillant lobes. Acorns half covered by the deeper, more 

 turbinate, cup. 



62. Q. Calejb.tt. Barren Scrub Oak. Willd. n. 55. 

 Purfli 11. 21. Michaux Querc. n. 17. t. 29, 30. (Q. 

 rubra /S ; Sm. in Abbot's Inf. v. I. 27. t. 14. Q. efculi 

 divifura, foliis amplioribus aculeatis; Catefb. Carol, v. i. 

 t. 23. ) — Leaves fmooth, oblong ; wedge-ftiaped at the bafe ; 

 deeply and widely finuated, on fliort ftaiks ; lobes three or 

 five, divaricated, acute, two or three-cleft, briftle-pointed. 

 Calyx of the fruit turbinate, half as long as the nut Na- 

 tive of dry barren ground in Maryland, Virginia, Carohna, 

 and Georgia, abundantly, flowering in May. This fpecies 

 is fhrubby, not above fifteen feet high ; its "jiood of a bad 

 quality, ufed only for firing. The fliortnefs of the foot- 



Jlalhs, and the fewnefs of the lobes of the leaves, added t(» 

 their acute bafe, are fufficient botanical diftinftions between 

 the prefent and the tw-o laft, efpeciiUy as the fize and qua- 

 lity of the tree are fo unlike thofe fpecies. 



63. Q. palujlrh. Marlh, or PiR, Oak. Willd. n. 56. 

 Ait. n. 18. Purlh n. 23. Michaux Querc. n. 19. t. 33, 

 34. — Leaves fmooth, oblong, deeply and widely finuated, 

 on long 'ftaiks ; lobes diftant, parallel, acute, fliarply 

 toothed, briftle-pointed; forks of the veins denfely woolly 

 beneath. Calyx of the fruit flattened. Nut nearly glo- 

 bofe. — Native of low fwampy woods, from New England 

 to Pennfylvania, and in the Illinois country, flowering in 

 Mav. Meflrs. Fraler are recorded as having brought this 

 fpecies to England in 1 800, but it v.-as previoufly cultivated 

 in Holland and France. This is a large tree, whofe wood 

 is tough, ufed for making fpokes of wheels. The leaves 

 are fmaller than thofe of rubra or coccinea, and with more 

 numerous lobes than Cattfbid ; tlieir finufes rounded and 

 very wide, and the forks at the origin of their veins marked 

 by a tuft of glandular hairs. The acorns are fmall, glo- 

 bular, with fhallow cups, and generally very- abundant. 



64. Q. ncutifolia. Pointed-leaved Mexican Oak. Willd. 

 n. 57. Nee in Annal. Scient. Nat. v. 3. 267. Fifch. 

 Mifc. Hifp. v. I. 1 02. I'/illd. — " Leaves ovato-lanceo- 

 late, finuated, taper-pointed ; unequal at the bafe ; lobc3 

 toothed, briftle-pointed ; forks of the veins villous beneath. 

 Fruit raceniofe." -Native of New Spain, in the road from 

 Acapulco to Mexico. This is the largeft of all the Oak* 

 in New Spain. Trunk thick, twenty-five feet high, orna- 

 mented with a denfe head of innumerable branches. Leaves 

 from five to feven inches long, an inch and a half or two 



L I inches 



