QUERCaS. 



inches broad, their footjlalks an inch in length ; ovate and 

 unequal at the' bafe, gradually contrafting upwards to a 

 fharp point, finuated, befet with awl-(haped teeth ; green 

 and fhining above ; reddifli and veiny beneath, tlie forks of 

 the veins villous. FemaU Jioiuers in axillary four-flowered 

 cluilers, (or rather, we prefume, ^;(?«.) Gf/-m«!J ovate. 

 ylcorns fmall, fcarcely fo iDig as a pea, nearly covered by the 

 cup, wlilch is clothed with blackirti fcales. Nee. 



65. Q. candicans. Hoary Mexican Oak. Willd. n. 58. 

 Nee inAnnal. Scient. Nat. v. 3. 277. Fifch. Mifc. Hifp. 

 V. I. 115. W'lUd- — " J-.eave3 ovate, finuated; white and 

 downy beneath ; lobes toothed, brilMe-pointed." — Native 

 of New Spain, in fandy ground near Tixtala. A tree of a 

 middling fize, with a denfe head of upright branches. 

 Leaves nine inches long, four wide, tapering at each end, 

 finuated, with bridle-pointed teeth; green and fmooth 

 above ; white and downy underneath. Footflalis four lines 

 in length. Floiucrs and J'niit not obferved. Net. 



66. Q. iiidfolia. Holly-leaved, or Bear Oak. " Wan- 

 genh. Amer. 79. t. 6. f. 17." Willd. n. 59. Ait. n. 19. 

 (Q. Banifteri ; Michaux Querc. n. 15. t. 27. Purfli n. 24. 

 Q. aquatica ? Sni. in Abbot's Inf. v. 2. Ijy. t. 79?) — 

 Leaves obovate-wedge-fhaped, with three or five deep 

 briftle-pointed lobes, entire ; downy beneath. Fruit ftalked, 

 in pairs. — Found in dry barren fields, and on mountains, 

 from New Jerley to Virginia, flowering in May ; covering, 

 wherever it occurs, large trafts of ground, thence termed 

 Oak-barrens. It is known by the name of Bear Oak, 

 Black Scrub Oak, and Dwarf Red Oak. Purjh. A Jhrub 

 four to fix feet, occafionally more, in licight, with downy 

 branches. Footjlalhs downy, near an inch long. Leaves 

 two inches, or two inches and a half long, and near two 

 wide, tolerably uniform, acute at the bafe, cut into five, 

 rarely but tliree, deep divaricated, broad, acute lobes, en- 

 tire at the margin, and fcarcely toothed at the fummit, 

 though tipped with one or two briftles ; the upper fide 

 green, veiny, and fmooth ; the under pale, and finely 

 downy. Female Jlonvers in pairs, on thick, folitary, axil- 

 lary, downy Jlalks, much fliorter than the footttalks. 

 Acorns about lialf an inch long, nearly globular, half co- 

 vered by their fcaly hemifpherical cups. Michaux thinks 

 this fpecies would ferve well for making quick hedges. A 

 fpecimen from Kalm, unnamed, is in the Linnsan her- 

 barium. 



67. Q. Pfeudo-fuber. Baftard Cork Oak. " Santi 

 Viagg. 156. t. 4." Spreng. Antiq. Bot. 16. t. i. Willd. 

 n. 60. Desfont. Atlant. v. 2. 348. — Leaves ovate-oblong, 

 finuated, hoary beneath ; lobes numerous, pointed, entire. 

 Bark fungous, cracked. Nut ovate. Calyx muricated, 

 with lax, recurved, hnear fcales. — Native of'Sihe mountains 

 of Tufcany, Spain, and Barbary. Desfontaines gathered 

 it on mount Atlas, and the abbe Durand near Tangier. A 

 tree fifty or fixty feet high, whofe bark is corky, though 

 lefs fo than in CK Suber, n. 33. Young branches downy or 

 hoary, fometimes fmooth, ftriated. Leaves deciduous, an 

 inch and a half to three inches long, an inch or an inch and 

 a half wide, acute ; entire and (lightly heart-lhaped at the 

 bafe ; fomewhat dilated upwards, and bordered with nu- 

 merous, uniform, fmall, broad, acute, lobes or ferratures, 

 feparated by roundifh finufes ; upper furface green and 

 fmooth ; under glaucous, hoary, or fomewhat downy. 

 Acorns on fhort Ilalks, ovate, above an inch long, half co- 

 vered by the cup, which is downy, and clothed with lax 

 bluntilh fcales, recurved at their tips. Desfontaines fays 

 the leaves of young trees are deeply finuated and ferrated ; 

 thofc of old ones more flightly fo. In our fpecimens from 

 Dnrand and BrouU'onet, the under fide is fcarcely downy, 



11 



except a denfe fringe to the mid-rib. The tranfverfe veim 

 are more numerous, ftraight, and parallel, tho;i in Sprengel', 

 plate. Fooljlalhs rather above half an inch lonj;, imuoth xr 

 downy. Acorns nearly feflile, crowded about the <• -.ds of 

 the branches. Yet we think it muft be, at leall, the plant 

 of Desfontaines. 



68. Q. Aegtlops. Great-prickly-cupped 0<jk, or Vc- 

 lanida. Linn. Sp. PI. I4'4- Willd. n. 61 Ait. n. 20. 

 Mill. Ic. t. 215. Ohvier's Travels, Enghfh fdition, v. 2. 

 44. t. 13. (Q. orientalis, callanex folio, glande recoidita 

 in cupula cralfa et fquamola ; Tourn. Cor. 40. Vrlani ; 

 Tourn Voy. v. I. 128. Glans Cerri ; Dalech. Hilt. 

 V. I. 7.) — Leaves ovate-oblong, with bridle-pointed tooth- 

 like lobes ; hoary beneath. Calyx of the fruit very large, 

 hemifpherical, with lanceolate, elongated, fpreading fcales. 

 — Native of the Levant. Miller cultivated this Oak in 

 1 73 1. The tree is not fo lofty as feme other fpecies, nor 

 is the wood much' eftcemed, or ufed, but in cabinet work. 

 Leaves dalked, about three inches long, bright green ; a 

 little downy at the back ; their edges, as in the lad, very 

 coarfcly and acutely ferrated, rather than lobed, each tooth 

 tipped with a bridly point. Acorn large, (hort, a little 

 hollow at the top. Cup fefTile, woody, two or three inches 

 in diameter, from the projection of its numerous, oblong, 

 thick fcales. Thefe cups are ufed, as well as the gall-nut, 

 (fee n. 40.) by the Orientals, Italians, and Englifh, in 

 dyeing, and are a confiderable article of commerce. Tourne- 

 fort fays the modern Greeks call thefe acorns Velani, a cor- 

 ruption of i'ixXavi, and the tree Velanida. The young 

 acorns and cups, gathered from the tree, are much more 

 efteemed than fuch as fall of themfelves, when fully grown, 

 and fell for t\«rice the price of the latter. DaJechamp, 

 Lobel, and Bauhin, midake the unripe cup and acorn of 

 this fpecies, as belonging to (5. Cerris, n. 83. 



Seft. 5. — Leaves Jlnuated, with blunt or pointlefs lobes. 



69. Q. alba. White Oak. Linn. Sp. PI. 1414. Willd. 

 n. 62. Ait. n. 21. Purfli n. 29. Michaux Querc. n. 4. 

 ^- 5* (Q- ''^''^ virginiana ; Catelb. Carol, v. i. t. 21. 

 f. 2.) — Leaves oblong, deeply pinnatifid ; glaucous be- 

 neath ; lobes linear-oblong, obtufe, entire, dilated upwards. 

 Fruit ftalked. Calyx deprefied, warty. — Native of woods, 

 on a fertile foil, from New England to Carohna, flowering 

 in May; cultivated here in 1724, by Mr. Furber. Purfh 

 fays it is one of the mod abundant and ufeful of its genus, 

 in America, and grows in the middle States to an immenfe 

 fize. The adult leaves are nearly a fpan long,^ deeply and 

 elegantly pinnatifid ; tapering and acute at the bafe ; gra- 

 dually dilated upward ; fomewhat abrupt, though three- 

 lobed, at the end ; their lobes all entire, blunt, pointlefs, 

 veiny ; the upper furface green and fhining ; the under 

 opaque and glaucous ; not downy, as Linnscus and Willde- 

 now define them, except perhaps when young. Footjlalks 

 ftout, angular, half an inch, or more, in length. Fruit- 



Jlalks twice as long, each bearing one or two, laterally fef- 

 file, ovate acorns, full an inch in length, with a diort tuber- 

 culated cup. Michaux obferves, that this Oak is preferred 

 to all others in America, for building houfes and (hips ; as 

 well as for cafiis. The wood is fo tough and pliable, as 

 to ferve for making balkets and brooms. The acorns are 

 fweet, and Parkinfon records that, in his time, the Indians 

 were faid to obtain from them, by boiling, an oil which 

 they ufed in cookery. A fuppofed variety, called repanda, 

 is figured by Michaux, in which the leaves are merely 

 waved, not lobed ; and green on botli fides, though downy 

 beneath. With this we are unacquainted, as alfo OTth 

 Willdenow's intermediate variety, called pulejcens. 



70. Q. Efculus. ■ Italian, or Small-prickly-cupped Oak. 



/ Linn. 



