QUERCUS. 



this Ipecies, growing on the north lawn at Holktiam, Nor- 

 folk, the feat of Mr. Coke, where it was planted by his an- 

 ecltor, the carl of Leicclter ; but no Britifli writer leems 

 acqwaintetl with the fpecies in queilion, though unqufition- 

 ably dillinft. WiHdenow jultly lays it is like iiis Rolnir, 

 our fejfilijlora, but abundantly different, being ot more 

 humble Itulurc, with fmvller leaves, downy beneath, very 

 hoary and white in tlic fpring, lomewhat heart-fhaped at 

 the bafe, and with fmuller fruit. To this we would add, 

 the leaves are remarkably undulated, efpecially in drying, 

 and their upper furface is more or lefs befprinkled with 

 very minute, fcattercd, ilarry h;urs. The fruit in Mr. 

 Davall's fpecimcns is quite fellile, either folitary, or in one 

 initance accompanied by two abortive ones ; in thofe from 

 Holkham the female fluivcrs are more or lefs elevated, three 

 together, on a thick downy _y?rt//-. Hence perhaps.AVillde- 

 now terms the fruit hibfelTile. Tlic fcales of the cup in both 

 are downy, thin, flat, and clofely ijnbricated. 



A variety of this, with deeper Icgments, and of more 

 humble growth, is Robur tertia, Cluf. Hitt. v. i. iS. f. i. 

 Of this a fpecimen, erroneoufly named Cerris, and pinned 

 to Efcultis, 11. 70, above defcribed, is preferred in the Lin- 

 nasan herbarium. 



74. Q. (itro-virens. Durmaft Oak. Mart. Ruft. t. 12. 

 (Q. fefliliflora /3 ; Sm. Fl. Brit. 1027. Q. pubefcens ; 

 Ait. n. 25, but not of Willdcnow. O. Robur nigra ; La- 

 marck Didt. V. I. 717. Chcne noir ; Secondat dii chene. 3. 

 t. 5 ?) — Leaves elliptic-oblong, ilalked, linuated ; downy 

 and hoary beneath ; lobes numerous, obtufe, even, and en- 

 tire ; bafe equal. Fruit feflile. — Native of France and the 

 fouth of England, flowering in April and May. Profciior 

 Martyn had his fpecimens from the New Forell, Hampfhire, 

 where it is known by the name of the Durmaft Oak. The 

 whole tree is well defcribed by him as having much the air of 

 a ciiefnut, and being of freer growth than the true Robur ; 

 the bark lighter coloured and fmoothcr ; the tvood not fo 

 ftrong, nor of fo firm a texture. The leaves are lefs deeply, 

 but more copioufly, fmuatcd, with Hve, fix, or feven (hort 

 lobes at each fide ; the under furface downy, and of a hoary 

 grey, with purphlh ribs. The foliage appears later than 

 in either of our common Oaks,' and lafts longer, fometimes 

 the whole winter. Acorns feffile, rather large. Lamarck's 

 defcription, indicated above, accords exaftly with our Eng- 

 lilh plant, to which alfo, we prefume, the fynonym of Se- 

 condat muft belong, though we have not been able to con- 

 Inlt his book. A more accurate ftudy of this genus has led 

 us to agree with our departed fripnd Willdenow, in diftin- 

 guidiing the Durmaft Oak from our ff/itifiora, but he errs 

 in referring it to \\n pubefcens, and has led Mr. Alton into 

 the fame miftake. Its leaves are more obiong, lefs deeply 

 linuated, flat, not undulated ; the under fide whiter, with 

 coloured veins. The fruit larger, and more decidedly 

 feffJe. 



IS- Q- pyrenaica. Pyrenean Oak. Willd. n. 67 



" Leaves oblong, pinnatifid, ftalked ; downy beneath ; 

 fomewhat heart-fhaped and unequal at the bafe ; lobes ob- 

 tufe, flightly toothed. Fruit ftalked." — Native of the Py- 

 renees. The lei:ves are larger than in fejftliflora, flalked, 

 deeply finuated ; denfely downy underneath. Footflalks 

 downy. Acorns four, feffile on one common elongated 

 ftalk. It differs abundantly from pubefcens, in having much 

 larger leaves, finuated in a pinnatifid manner, very downy 

 beni ath ; and flalked fruit. Such is Willdcnow's account. 

 We have feen no fpecimen. Can this be our above -men- 

 tioned variety oi pubefcens? 



76. Q. faginea. Beech Oak. Lamarck DiA. v. i. 

 725. Willd. n. 68. (Phellodrys alba anguftifolia, folio 



ferrato ; Dalech. Hift. 25.)—- Leavot on fliort downy 

 ilalks, obovate, with numerous, uniform, ftiallow lobes ; 

 downy beneath ; fomewhat hcart-fliaped and unequal at the 

 bafe. Fruit feffile. •■ Native of Spain and the louth of 

 France. Leaves fmall, an inch and half long, d'.-ciduous, 

 obovate, very flightly finuated, or, more properly fp. ak- 

 ing, coarfely toothed, tiic lobes being very fhort, equal, 

 and obtufi? ; the upper fide poiilhed and fmooth ; the under 

 white and downy. Footflalks downy. Fruit feffile. IVill- 

 ilenoiu. In the Linnxan herbarium arc ipeclmeii!, gathered 

 by Baron Alllroemcr in Spain, which anfwer extremely 

 well to the above delcription, and not ?inifs to the figure of 

 Dalechamp, which Lamarck cites with hefitation. In thefe 

 iiowever, the lobes, or teeth, are acute, and the upper fur- 

 face covered with minute ftarry hairs. There are alfo long, 

 linear, recurved, ramentaceous y/j/zw/^/f, that are foon de- 

 ciduous. We do not fcriiple to confider this as Lamarck's 

 plant at Kaft, and probably WiUdenow's. 



77. Q. lobata. Round-lo'bed Mexican Oak. Willd. 

 n. 70. Nee in Annal. Sclent. Nat. v. 3. 277. Fifch. 

 Mifc. Hifp. V. I. 116. Willd. — " Leaves obovate-wedge- 

 fhaped, finuated, fmooth ; lobes toothed." — Native of New 

 Spain. Branches furrowed, alternate. Leaves four inches 

 long, two inches and a half wide, fmooth, alternate, orbi- 

 cular towards the extremity ; wedge-fhaped at the lower 

 part; finuated; the lobes rounded, obtufe, toothed. Foot- 

 falls flender, three or four lines in length. Nee. 



78. Q. obtufloba. Blunt-lobed Iron Oak. MichauK 

 Querc. n. I. t. I. Purfh n. 25. (Q. ilellata ; Willd. 



II. 71. Ait. n. 26. Wangenh. Amer. 78. t. 6. f. 15.) 



Leaves oblong, finuated, roughifh on both fides ; lobes ob- 

 tufe ; the upper ones dilated, abrupt, flightly divided. 

 Calyx of the fruit hemifpherical. — Found in moft of the up- 

 land forefts, from Canada to Florida, bloffoming in Mav. 

 The tree is fifty or fixty feet high, fpreading, its timber of 

 great value for fhip-bullding. The whitenefs of the bark, 

 as in Q. alba, caufes both thefe fpecies to be called White 

 Oak by the Americans, who nevertheJefs know how to dif- 

 tinguifh their timber. The leaves of the prefent are roughifh 

 beneath, with minute rufty hairs, not hoary ; and their 

 upper furface appears to partake occafionally, if not always, 

 of the fame fort of pubefcence. Their length is from thi-ee 

 to five inches ; the bafe wedge-fhaped, fpreading upwards 

 into two fmaller, oppofite, rounded lobes, beyond which 

 the leaf dilates, fuddenly and widely, into a pair of broad, 

 flightly cloven, or cmarginate, lobes, and, after another 

 fudden contraftion, ends in a terminal three-cleft one. The 

 margin is entire throughout. Footflalks fhort, downy. 

 Acorns three or four on a fhort flalk, of a middling fize, 

 fcarcely exceeding our Britifh Oaks, eUiptical, about half 

 enclofed in the fcaly cup. 



79. Q. lyrata. Over-cup Lyrate Oak, Swamp-pofl, or 

 Water White Oak. Walt. Carol. 235. Willd. n. 72. 



Ait. n. 27. Purfli n. 28. Mlchaux Querc. n. 3. t. 4 



Leaves oblong, deeply finuated, fmooth ; much contracted 

 in the middle ; lob"S acute ; the upper ones dilated, an- 

 gular, and abrupt. Calyx of the fruit globofe, muricated, 

 nearly covering the nut. — Native of fwamps, from Carohna 

 to Florida, and on the Miffifippi ; flowering in May. Pur/b. 

 Michaux fays, that though he always found this fpecies in 

 watery places, its growth, in a dry Rurfery-ground, ex- 

 ceeded that of moll other fpecies planted with it. He gives 

 fifty or fixty feet as the height of the tree ; Purfh from eio-ht 

 to fifteen only. The fmooth fme-green leaves have more 

 acutely-angular lobes than the foregoing, and are remark- 

 ably contrafted about the middle. Acorn globofe, nearly 

 covered by the globular prickly cup. 



80. Q, 



