QUERCUS. 



So. Q. macrociirpa. Large-fruited Oak, or Over-cup 

 White Oak. Willd. n. 73. Purfh n. 26. Michaux 

 Qiierc. n. 2. t. 2, 3. Leaves oblong, lyrate ; downy be- 

 neath ; terminal lobe very large, three-cleft, fmuutcd. 

 Calyx of the fruit hemifplierical, fcaly, fringed vrith 

 briftles. — Found on dry flute or Iniieilone hills, in all the 

 countries to the weft of the Alleganv mountains, flowerincr 

 in May. A large tree, whofe ivooil, according to Purfh 

 and Michaux, is very excellent. The bark of the young 

 branches is corky. In wet lituations the whole plant lan- 

 guiflies, and becomes cov. red with lichens. The lea-vrs arc 

 a foot long, more truly and precifely lyrate than thofe of 

 the laft ; but the fpecitic name of the prcfent is excellent, 

 tlic acorns being larger than thofe of any other knovcn 

 American fpecies. Their form is oval, their length two 

 inches, and they are half covered by the cup, feveral rows 

 of whofe broad fcales end in long briftles, making a rigid 

 fringe. 



Si. Q. oUvifformis. Olive-fiiaped Mofty-cup Oak. 

 " Michaux Arb. v. 2. 32. t. 2." Purfti n. 27. — " Leaves 

 oblong, fmooth ; glaucous beneath ; deeply and une- 

 qually pinnatilid. Fruit elliptic-uvate. Calyx cup-fliaped, 

 fringed." — Ohferved by Michaux on the banks of Hudfon's 

 river, and in the weftern parts of New York ; by Purfh in 

 Pennfylvania and Virginia, on iron-ore hills ; flowering in 

 May. This is defcribed as a large tree; the fo/iage hsind- 

 foine, fomewhat refembling that of the laft. We have not 

 examined cither a fpccimen or figure. Willdenow does not 

 mention this fpecies. 



82. Q. erinlta. Hairy-cupped Oak. Lamarck Ditl. 

 V. I, 718, E. Olivier's Travels, Englifh edition, v. 2. 

 5. t. 12. (Q. Tournefortii ; Willd. n. 74. Q. orientalis 

 iatifolia, foliis ad coftam pulchre incifis, glande maxima, 

 cupula crinita ; Tourn. Cor. 40. Voy. v. 2. 172.) - 

 Leaves on long ftalks, oblong, deeply pinnatifld ; downy 

 beneath; lobes lanceolate, bluutifli, nearly entire. Calyx 

 of the fruit hemifpherical, downy, brillly. — Gathered by 

 Tournefort in vallies and plains near Tocat, in Armenia. 

 Olivier fays it is met with throughout great part of Afia 

 Minor and Syria. The timber is brought to the arfenal of 

 Conftantinople, from the fouthern fhores of the Black Sea, 

 and is alfo moll commonly employed for the frame-work of 

 houfes. The tree grows to a ccnfiderable height, and fur- 

 nifhes excellent wood. This author, who takes the tree in 

 queftion for Q. Cerrls of Linna;us, may, pofllbly, confound 

 the real Cerrh along with it, as Lamarck, though not 

 without fcruple, has combined them. Olivier's plate, how- 

 ever, very clearly reprefents the above plant of Tournefort ; 

 and Lamarck's excellent definition of the fame, as variety i 

 of his crinita, is abundantly fufficient to flamp it a fpecies. 

 " Leaves very foftly villous, deeply pinnatilid ; their feg- 

 ments oblong, nearly fimple, obtufe, fomewhat peftinate," 

 (or parallel.) He fays it is reported to grow wild in the 

 province of Angoumois, and is a ;ree of handfome afpeft, 

 remarkable for its foft, downy, broad leaves, cut very 

 deeply into large fegments, blunt at their extremity, often 

 iimple, fometimes furnifhed with a few angles, or fhort 

 lobes, at their pofterior margin. Acorns feffile, their cup 

 briftly, as in the Burgundy Oak (Cerris). Tournefort's 

 fpecimens agree with the Angoumois Oak, as it is called, 

 feen by Lamarck in a cultivated ftate at Godonvillier. We 

 have feen no fpecimen, but the above accounts are fufhciently 

 clear to admit of no doubt. Olivier's plate reprefents the 

 leaves three or four inches in length, their fegments about 

 an inch long, almoil ail iimple and undivided, bluntifh, en- 

 tire, more or lefs diftant, each making an angle with the 

 narrow linear border of the main rib. Footjlqlks flender, an 



inch, more or lefs, in length, apparently i'mootli. Acornt 

 lateral, about an inch long, elliptical, obtufe, folitary, on 

 fhort fimple ilalks ; the cups belet witli numerous foft taper 

 briftles, divaricated upwards and downwards, near half an 

 Inch long. Nothing is exhibited, or defcribed, concerning 

 i\\Q Jlipiilas, which are very remarkable in the two fallowing 

 fpecies. 



83. Q. drris. Turkey Oak. Linn. Sp. PI. 1415. 

 Willd. n. 7 J. Ait. n. 28, y. ( Q. crinita x et (3 ; La- 

 marck Didl. v. I. 718. Q. haliptilxos; Jufl'. in Hort. 

 Pitfis. Q. burgundiaca, calyce hifpido ; Bauh. Pin. 420. 

 Cerris Plmii, majore glande; Lob. Ic. v. 2. 156. Dod. 

 Pempt. 831. Ger. Em. 1345. Cerrus ; D.ilech. Hift. 

 V. I. 6, good.)— Leaves on very fhort ftalks, oblong, 

 deeply and unequally pinnatilid ; hairy beneath ; lobes 

 lanceolate, acute, fomewhat angular. Stipulas longer than 

 the footltalks. Calyx of the fruit hemifpherical, briftly. — 

 Native of France, Italy, and the Levant. Sometimes cul- 

 tivated in England, but not commonly. This is a tall 

 handfome tree, whofe fynonyms are much confounded by 

 old writers with Q. Aegilups, n. 68, and by more recent 

 botanifts with the following. Its leaves are deeply piniia- 

 titid in the manner of the foregoing ; more or lefs unequally ; 

 but the lobes are more acute, pointed, and moft generally 

 angular, fometimes remarkably lobed or compound. The 

 under fide differs ell'entially, in being neither downy nor 

 hoary, but rough with minute, fcattered, tawny, briftly 

 hairs ; the upper, which is of a darker green, and rather 

 fhining, is alfo occafionally roughifh to the touch. Foot- 

 Jlalks rough, thick, hardly a quarter of an inch, fometimes 

 not a line, in length. Stipulas linear, acute, downy, from 

 half an inch to an inch long, permanent, accompanied by 

 an axiUary tuft of fimilar, but imaller, fcales. The acorns 

 we have not feen. They are reprefented feffile, two or 

 three together, large, oblong, with an hemifpherical cup, 

 which is fhaggy with long briftles, projefting in every di- 

 reftion. They are faid to be peculiarly bitter and auftere. 



Lamarck allerts, from his own obfervation, that the Q. 

 orientalis Iatifolia, glande maxima, cupula crinita, Tourn. 

 Cor. 40, fcarcely differs in any refpeft from this. If fo, 

 the term Iatifolia is not happily applied, unlefs Tournefort 

 had alfo noticed, as in our laft, the deep divifions of the 

 leaves, which are full as remarkable in the prefent fpecies. 



84.. Q. aujriaca. Auftriau Oak. Willd. n. 76. (Q. 

 Cerris ; Hoft. Syn. 520, a and 8. Ait. n. 28. Q. cri- 

 nita ,, cerris Linn. ; Lamarck. Didl. v. i. 718. Q. calyce 

 hifpido, glande miiiore ; Bauh. Pin. 420. Cerrus ; Cluf. 

 Hift. V. I. 20, excellent. Cerri minoris ramulus cum flore ; 

 Ger. Em. 1346, with Clufius's figure. Cerris Plinii mi- 

 nore glande ; Lob. Ic. v. 2. ij6. Ger. Em. 1345. Aegi- 

 lops minore glande; Dod. Pempt. 831. Haliphloeos, 

 Cerrus foemina ; Dalech. Hift. v. i. 7.) —Leaves on longifh 

 italks, ovate-oblong, flightly but copioufiy finuated ; downy 

 and hoary beneath ; lobes fliort, ovate, acute, entire. Sti- 

 pulas fhorter than the footllalks. Calyx of the fruit hemi- 

 fpherical, briftly. — Native of Auftria, Hungary, Carniola, 

 Italy, and other parts of the fouth of Europe, in Itony 

 mountainous places. It occurs not unfrequently in planta- 

 tions of exotic trees, both in France and England, being 

 generally miftakcn for (), Cerris, from which nothing can 

 be more certainly diflinft. This tree is taller than the Com- 

 mon Oak, Q. Robur, and in favourable fituations rifes per- 

 pendicularly to a confiderable height, as Clufius defcribed 

 it, though Lamarck lays it is fmallcr, lefs handfome, more 

 twifted and knotty, than the laft, as well as often hollow. 

 The -wood is whiter, fofter, and lefs valuable, than Q, 

 Robur ; the bark grey, tolerably even. Branches forming 



a round 



