Q U E 



the father of Louis XVI., and by the whole court. Af- 

 ter the daupiiin had undergone the fmsU-pox, tlie king 

 prefented him with letters of nobility, iinfolicited, as a 

 mark of his efleein. He was appointed alfo hrll pliy- 

 ficiau in ordinary to liis majelly. He was a member 

 of the Academy of Sciences, of the Royal Society of 

 London, &c. Notwithftanding his long life, and liis courtly 

 favour, as well as extcnfivc employment, lie died poilcned 

 of little fortune, his liberality to his friends having prevented 

 him from accumulating money. His death took place at 

 Verfailles, in December, 177+, at the age of eighty. 



This able and indefatigable man left feveral works, 

 which bear the itamp of coniiderable refearch, clear and 

 methodical views, and acute obfervation, mixed, however, 

 with feme difpofition to hypothefis. His firll eflay on 

 blood-letting, already mentioned, was publilhed in 1730, 

 under the title of " Obfervations far les Eifets de la Saignee, 

 avec des Remarques critiques fur la Traite de Silva ;" and 

 a fecond edition, confiderably eidarged, was printed in 

 1750. But ill the mean time he publifhed another work, 

 entitled " L'Art de Guerir par la Saignee," Paris, 1736, in 

 which he recommends blood-letting in many difeafcs. In the 

 fame year appeared his " Ef!':ii Piiyiique fur I'Economie 

 Animale," in two volumes, i2mo., which was reprinted in 

 1747, in three volumes. This work, however, was deemed 

 very imperfect by Haller, and is in tadt charadlerifed by a 

 love of hypothehs, rather than by the details of experience 

 and obfervation. In 1743, his " Preface des Memoires de 

 1' Academic de Chirurgie," gained him confiderable applaufe, 

 as a work of literary refearch. In 1744 he publilhed his 

 " Recherches critiques et hiftoriques lur I'Origine, fur les 

 diver9 Etats, ct fur les Progre^de la Chirurgie en France," 

 which called forth tome replies on the alleged inaccuracy of 

 fome of the hillorical ilatements. His other publications 

 were entitled, " Teilament de M. de la Peyronie du 

 18 Avril, 1747 ;" " Examen impartial des Conteftations des 

 Medecins et des Chirurgiens de Paris," 1748, l2mo. ; 

 " Memoire prefente au Roi par fon premier Chirurgien, ou 

 I'on examine la Sagefle del'Ancienne Legiflation fur I'Etat 

 de la Chirurgie en France," 4to.; " Traite de la Suppura- 

 tion," i2mo.; and " Traite de la Gangrene," i2mo.; all in 

 the year 1 749. And lallly, his " Traite des Fievres con- 

 tinues," 1753, in two volumes, i2mo. Eloy Di£t. Hill. 

 de la Medc'cine. 



QUESNE, Abraham du, an able French naval com- 

 mander, was deicended from a noble family in Nor- 

 mandy. He was born in 1610, and was brought up 

 to the fea-fervice under liis father, who gave him the com- 

 mand of a vefiel when he was only feventeen years of age. 

 In 1637 he was prefent at the attack of the ifles of Sainte 

 Marguerite, and in the following year contributed greatly to 

 the defeat of the Spaniards before Gattori. He was after- 

 wards in various atlions on the coaft of Spain. In 1644 he 

 went to ferve in Sweden, and was promoted to the rank of 

 vice-admiral of the Swedifh fleet. In this ilation he had a 

 command in the famous battle in which the Danes were en- 

 tirely defeated, and his veflel was one that boarded and took 

 the enemy's admiral (hip. On his return to France he com- 

 manded a fquadron fent to the expedition againft Naples. 

 The French navy being in a low flate on account of the 

 minority of the king, he fitted out feveral (hips at his own 

 expence in 1650, with which he afTilled in the reduftion of 

 Bordeaux, which had revolted, and was aided by a Spanifli 

 fleet. In 1676 he had the glory of being oppofed to the 

 great De Ruyter. The Spanilh and Dutch fleets had united 

 to prevent the French from fuccouring the inhabitants of 

 Meflina, but. Du Quefne, after ii defperate fight, fucceeded 



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in entering the port. He was alfo engaged with De Ruyter 

 when the latter was mortally wounded. Du (jucfnc ob- 

 tained a more glorious and decided iuccefs in another eiiga^'- 

 ment with the Spanifli and Dutch fleets at Palermo, whc, 

 by means of his llre-lhips, he deilroyed twelve large (hips c,: 

 the enemy, and tiius procured for his king the fovereignly 

 of the Mediterranean. In 1682 he was fent with a fleet to 

 awe the piratical Hates of Barbary, which had committed 

 depredations on the French coalls, and in the followinv 

 year he failed to Algiers, and bombarded the town wilti 

 fuch fury as nearly to lay it in ruins. In the following 

 fpring the admiral anchored before the city, and did not 

 leave it till he had dedroyed almoll all the buildings, wilii 

 the whole of the (hipping and fortilications, the conlequence 

 of which was they were obliged humbly to fue for peace. 

 He (truck equal terror into the ftates of Tripoli and Tunis, 

 which were likewife compelled to purchafe peace with France 

 by fubmiifion. He performed other great and important 

 fervices for his fovereign, but the recompence due to him 

 on account of all he did was impeded by his firm attachment 

 to the reformed religion in which he was bred, and which 

 the bigotry of the king regarded as criminal. He received, 

 however, the royal gift ot a fine ellate, which was erected 

 into a marquifate, and gave him a title ; and on the repeal 

 of the edidt of Nantes, he was the only perfon exempted 

 from its penalties. This great hero, one of the ciiief boafts 

 of the French navy, preferved an extraordinary degree of 

 health and vigour, nutwithdanding the many wounds which 

 he had received, till his death in 1688, when he had attained 1 

 to the 78th year of his age. He left a ion, of whom we 

 (hall fay a few words. 



QuESNE, Henry du, was born in 1652, and at the age 

 of fourteen he entered the French navy, and ferved with great 

 diftinftion under his father. He was prefent at the bom- 

 bardment of Algiers in 16S3, and negotiated the peace of 

 Tunis. At the period when the highed profpcfts in his 

 profeffion lay before him, his attachment to the Proteftant 

 religion caufed him, at the repeal of the edidl of Nantes, to 

 quit his country and the fervice, but he refufed with indig- 

 nation the offers that were made him to take a command 

 in the armies of its enemies, and retired to Switzerland. 

 His high reputation raifed him to great credit with the 

 Froteftar.t powers, which he employed in engaging them 

 to undertake the protection of his perfecuted brethren ; and 

 through his means a great number of victims of the moll 

 cruel intolerance procured their liberation from the gallies. 

 In 1 701 he fold his eitate in Switzerland, and retired to 

 Geneva, of which he was admitted to the citizenfhip. Here 

 he died in 1723, refpedted alike for his learning and piety. 

 As an author he had taken a confiderable (hare in the verfion 

 of the New Teftament publi(hed by the pallors of Geneva, 

 and he was author of a work entitled " Reflexions Anciennes 

 et Modernes fur I'Eucharillie." 



QuESNE, Fort du, in Geography. See Pittsburg. 



QUESNEL, Pasuuier, in Biography, a French pried 

 of much celebrity, was born at Paris in the year 1634. 

 Having completed his education, and being admitted a mem- 

 ber of the congregation of the oratory, he took pried's 

 orders in 1659. From this time he devoted himfelf, with 

 great diligence, to the ftudy of the fcriptures, and of the 

 fathers, and to the compofition of books in pradtical piety. 

 At the age of 28 he was appointed firll diredtor of the iii- 

 ditution belonging to his order at Paris. The firll of his 

 pubUcations was entitled " Moral R<fledlions upon the 

 Gofpels." After this he was employed in preparing for the 

 prefs a new edition of " The Works of St. Leo," in two 

 volumes, 4to. in which he has given a vad number of notes 



tlfet 



