QUO 



(hall appear in mean and defpicablc circumflances, and he: 

 treated as the mark of public contempt and rcproacli. It' this 

 fenfe be not approved, Dr.Doddridgo profeiros to acqnii.-fce 

 in Chryfollom's opinion, that the padage referred to is loll, 

 avouching hia diflatisfai^ion with other interpretations of 

 this pafTage. The fecoud palFage, viz.. John, vii. 38, our 

 learned expofitor thus explains. " He lliat believcth in 

 me, as the fcripture hath faid, out of his belly Ihall flow 

 rivers of living water, i. e. as the fcripture has in many 

 places faid and promifed, he (hall receive thofe fupplics in 

 fo great an abundance, that he fhall not only be retrelhed 

 himfelf, but out of his belly, or from within him (hall flow 

 vital ftreains, and as it were rivers of living watur for the 

 refrefliment and comfort of others." Chryfoftom, and after 

 liim many other eminent writers, Callalio, Zegerus, and 

 I. Capellus, refer the words " as the fcripture hath faid," 

 to the former claufe, and underftand them, as if our Lord 

 had faid, " He that hath faith in mc," which tlie fcripture 

 requires, and thus they avoid the difficulty, which arlfes 

 from our not finding the following words in fcripture. But 

 Grotius, with whom Dr. Doddridge agrees, fuppofes, that 

 here is a general reference to the leveral prophecies which 

 refer to the effufion of tliefpirit by the MelTiah, under the 



QUO 



fimilitude of pouring out water. Sec Ifaiah, lii. 15. xliv. 3 

 Iviii. 1 1. Joel, ii. 28. 



QUOTIDIAN, in Medicine, fignifyinr literally Jailji, 

 18 applied to all intermitting difeafes, which return once in 

 twenty.four Ikmus. As the molt remarkable of thefe is the 

 iigM, or intennittent fever of marlhy countries ; fo the term 

 quotidian fignilies emphatically a quotidian ague. The pa- 

 roxylni ufu.illy returns in the morning. See Ague. 



Quotidian, Doulk, returns twice in twenty.four hours. 



QUOTIEN T, QuoTiKN>s formed from the Lalm quotics, 

 q. d. hcnu often is fuc/j a number contained in fuch another, in 

 Arithmetic, the number refulting from the divifion of a greater 

 number by a fmaller ; and which (hews how often the fmaller 

 is contained in the greater, or how oft the divifor is contained 

 in the dividend. 



In divilion, as the divifor is to the dividend, fo is unity to 

 the quotient. Thus the quotient of 12 divided by 3 is 4 ; 

 which is thus difpofed, 3) 12 (4 quotient. 



QUOVEDO, in Geography, a town of lilria : fix miles 

 E. of Capo d'llfria. 



QUOUSQUE. Execution zvitb a Q_uoufque. See Ex- 

 ecution. 



QUOYL. See Quoil. 



R. 



A liquid confonant, and the feventeenth letter of the 

 i\.9 alphabet. 



The grammarians hold it a femi-vowel ; efpecially in the 

 Greek, where, in commen with the other vowels, it admits 

 an afpirate, &c. though whether the afpirate (hould be 

 founded before or after it, is tome doubt. We find inllances 

 of each. 



Thus f'joo the Latins wrote rheda; and 'f.l-.i the .Etolians 

 wrote 0poc(ov ; and in Engli(h words derived from the Greek 

 it is followed by an h, as rhapfody. The ancient Goths, 

 and Teutones, Littleton obferves, always prefixed h to r. 

 SeeH. 



The found is formed by a guttural cxtrnfion of the breath, 

 vibrated through the mouth, with a fort of quivering mo- 

 tion of the tongue drawn from the teeth, with the tip a little 

 elevated towards the palate. 



In fome words, as Rome, rape, and river, it has a rough 

 found ; in others, as iard, card, regard, its found is fmooth. 

 Re at the end of many words is pronounced like a mute er, 

 as in theatre, Jepulchre, and majfacre. Rh is ufed in words 

 derived from the Greek, as myrrh, rheum, and rhyme. 



The Hebrews allow the r, or ">, the privilege of a guttural ; 

 , that is, they never double it, which yet is done by the 

 Arabs, Greeks, and Latins, &c. 



Perfius calls the r, litcra canina, becaufe the dogs feem to 

 pronounce it in fnarling ; yet it (hould feem to have had a 

 fofter found among the Romans than among us, by its being 

 frequently interpofed to prevent the clalhing of vowels ; as 

 in rarus, a^aoij, nurus from no;, murexirom f^vx^, mus murii 

 from fxvi fccof ; and this foftnefs was fuch as frequently oc- 



cafioned its being dropt as ufelefs in writing. Thus fbi 

 Hetrufci they frequently wrote Thuja, and even Tufci; and 

 ior furfum, rurfus, prorfus ; fufum, ru/iis, profus. 



In effeft, there was that agreement betwfcn the found of 

 the^ and r, that as the Romans svoideA the doubling of 

 their confonants, it was no wonder they here dropped the 

 r in fuch words; the s fupplying the place of both. Hence 

 too it came to pafs, that what they at firft pronounced a/a, 

 nfena, cafmen, was afterwards ara, arena, carmen; and thofe 

 firll named Fujii and Valejii, were afterwards called Furii 

 and Valerii. Cicero tells us, the Papirii were firft called 

 Papijii; and even fixes the time when the change was made, 

 viz. in the year of Rome 415. Fefl:us adds, that olera, pi^- 

 nora, plurima, were anciently written olefa, pig'io/a, plujlma. 



From the fame foftnefs of the found of the r, it came to 

 be ufed indifferently with the /, in many words ; e. gr. La- 

 tiaris and Latialis, Palilia and Parilia, &c. 



Though the r more frequently degenerated into /; thus 

 remures became changed into lemures ; interlego, perlu:eo, into 

 intdligo inA pelluceo ; frater into frate/lus, &c. ; and the fame 

 is lometimes done between n and r, as arcus, and aneus, &*, 



In the notes of the ancients, R. or RO. fignified Roma; 

 R. C. Romana civitas ; R. G. C. ret gerendu caufa ; R, F. 

 E.D. rede faSum et didum; R. G. F. regis fli'us ; R. P. 

 res public a, or Romani principes } and R. R. R. F. F. F. res 

 Romana ruetferro, fame, Jiamma. 



R was anciently a numeral letter, fignifying 80; accord- 

 ing to the verfe, 



" Oftoginta dibit tibi R, fiquis numerabit." 



Q q 2 Wini, 



