RAG 



officer, who, however, connived at his elcape, and he ar- 

 rived in a dragoon's habit at the frontiers of Poland. 

 Here he received aifuranccs of airillance from France, and 

 immediately publiflaed an eloquent manifefto, calling upon 

 the nation to free itfelf from the Auilrian yoke. Numbers 

 joined him ; being, however, but half armed, he was fearful 

 of truiling his caule in their hands, and withdrew to the 

 frontiers of Poland, where he was joined by fre(h recruits. 

 With thefe he ventured to make fome progrefs ; Itormed 

 feveral fortreffes ; and took a fevere revenge upon the Impe- 

 rialifts, who had given no quarter to the Hungarian in- 

 furgents. 



Ar this period the crown of Poland was vacant, through 

 the depofition of Auguilus by Charles XU. of Sweden, 

 and tlie Poliih chiefs were defirous of placing it upon the 

 head of Ragotlki. But he had no fuch ambitious views : 

 his great objett was to liberate his country, and he refufed 

 to defert its caufe for any other profpefts. He accordingly 

 purfued his fuccefles, and by the reduftion of Tokay, ob- 

 tained the fubmiffion of almoll the whole of Lower Hungary. 

 So high was his reputation, that the diet of Alba Julia, in 

 1704, proclaimed him prince of Tranfylvania, with which 

 dignity he was afterwards folemnly invelled. He obtained 

 likewife the title of proteftor of Hungary, and Lewis XIV. 

 fent to him a pubhc embalTy. He foon began to feci the diffi- 

 culty of fupporting a popular infurreftion agaiiill the arms 

 and policy of a powerful fovereign, as well by the abandon- 

 ment of fome of his allies, as by the defertion of his troops. 

 He had another opportunity of giving a refufal to the crown 

 of Poland, which was offered him by the czar Peter, (hew- 

 ing thereby his fincere attachment to the caufe of his 

 country, and he employed all the refources of valour and 

 good conduft to fupport a declining caufe. In 1711, a 

 treaty was concluded between the Hungarian flates and the 

 emperor, into which he refuted to enter, although the firft 

 article fecured his life and property, with the title of prince 

 of Tranfylvania. Mortified by the failure of his patrio- 

 tic exertions, he withdrew to Turkey, renouncing his great 

 eftates, and preferring an honouralile poTCrty to a fplendid 

 fervitude. He afterwards pafTed fome time in France, then 

 returning to Turkey, he fixed his final refidence at the caftle 

 of Rodofto, on the fea of Marmora. " There," fays his 

 biographer, " a Chriftian among Mahometans, and a philo- 

 fopher among barbarians, he tranquilly clofcd his life in 

 1733, at the age of 61." He left " Memoirs of his Life," 

 which were publilTied in the " Revolutions de Hongrie," 

 printed at the Hague in 1739. Li 1751 there appeared a 

 work, entitled " Teftament politique et moral du Prince Ra- 

 gotfki," the authenticity of which is doubted. Moreri. 



RAGOUT, or Ragoo, a fance or feafoning, intended 

 to increafe or recover the appetite when languifhing, or 



loft. 



The term is French, but naturalized. It is alfo ufed for 

 any high-feafoned di(h, prepared of flefh, fifh, greens, or 

 the like, by ftewing them with the addition of bacon, fait, 

 pepper, cloves, and the hke high-flavoured ingredients. 



We have ragoos of beef, of cray-fifh, of giblets, of af- 

 paragus, of endive, of cocks-combs, of gammon, of celery, 



&c. 



The ancients had a ragout, called garum. 



RAG-PAVING. See Paving. 



RAG-STONE, a name given by our artificers to a kind 

 of ftone, which they ufe for fetting an edge upon knives, 

 chiffels, and other tools. It is a greyifh-coloured flone, con- 

 taining a large quantity of talcky particles, and fplits eafily 

 into thin flakes. It is a foft Hone, and is ufed only to finifh 

 the fetting an inftrument after the edge has been prepared by 



12 



RAG 



grinding or rubbing the tool upon fome other (lone of a 

 coarfer texture. We l^ave this from Newcaftle and mauy 

 other parts of the north of England, where there arc very 

 large rocks of it in the hills. This kind of flonc is in fome 

 dif^ridls confiderably blended and intermixed with the fub- 

 foil, rendering it of a more barren and unfertile quality. 



RAGUENET, l'Abbe, in Biography. In 1702 the 

 publication of a pamphlet, entitled " Paralelc des Itahens 

 et des Francois en ce qui regarde la Mufique et les Operas," 

 by this author, a man of talle and intelligence, who had rc- 

 fided fome time at Rome, gave birth to a long, but ineffec- 

 tual controvcrfy, concerning the degrees of perfedlion, and 

 fuperiority of French and Italian mufic. The book was 

 licenfed by Fontenelle, who faid in his teflimony, that " he 

 thought it would be very agreeable to the public, provided 

 they were capable of equity." This, declaration, however, 

 did not prevent Frencufe, the continuator of Bonnet's 

 " Hifloire de la Mufique," from attacking the author and 

 Italian mufic in a moil furious manner, treating both with 

 equal contempt and obloquy. 



The French, after this period, feem to have enjoyed their 

 lyric fommei/s in great comfort and tranquillity till 1752 ; 

 when the performance of Pergokfi's " Servu Padrona" at 

 Paris, by a company of burletta fingers from Italy, let the 

 mufical republic in a flame which has not yet been extin- 

 guifhed. 



There had, indeed, been a/en/ation excited, that was ra- 

 ther turbulent, and tending to a civil war, on the firft ap- 

 pearance of Rameau as a dramatic compofer in 1733, who, 

 by new liarmonies and accompaniments, had given offence to 

 the true believers in the worfhip of I>ulli ; but 'his foon 

 fubfided, and the nation not only heard his compofitions 

 wiih rapture, but reverenced him as " a theorill, to whom 

 mufic was as much indebted as phyfics and philofophy to 

 Newton." 



This little work was publiflied in Englifh in 1709, and has 

 been faid to be tranflated by Galliard. If tk'.s Vvortliy pro- 

 feflor was the tranflator, it was before he had made liimfelf fo 

 completely mailer of the Enghfh language, as he appeared to 

 be afterwards, in his tranflation of " Tofi on florid Song." 

 The Englifii of this parahle is feeble and inaccurate ; many 

 of the notes, hov.ever, are good, and mariifeft a perfon 

 who had been in Italy, and well knew the ftate of mufic in 

 that country, as well as in England, at the beginning of the 

 laft century, during our firft attempts at operas, before the 

 arrival of Handel. 



RAGUIER, Le, the name given by the French failors 

 to a wind peculiar to the gulf ot Alexandretta or Scande- 

 roon, which, rufhing from the fnowy fummits of the moun- 

 tains, frequently forces fhips to drag their anchors feveral 

 leagues. 



RAGULED, or Ragged, in Heraldry, is applied to 

 an ordinary, e. gr. a crofs, whofe outhnes are jagged or 

 knotted. 



He beareth fable, a crofs raguled, or, by the name of 

 Sloivay. 



Ragged differs from indented, as the latter is regular, and 

 the former not. 



The bearing is very ancient : Julius Caefar gave for his 

 badge, a boar's head, on a ragged ftaff. 



Raguled is fometimes alfo ufed in the fenfe of truncated, 

 or couped, and applied to a branch that is fawed from the 

 tree ; or a ftock fawed from its root. 



RAGUN, in Geography, a town of Germany, in the 

 principality of Anhalt-DelTau, on the Mulda ; 9 miles S. of 

 Deflau. 



RAGUND.A., a river of Sweden, which rifca in the 



kke 



