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a town of Hindooftan ; 20 miles E.S.E. of Allahabad. 

 N. lat. 24° 49'. E. long. 80° 17'. 



RAJEGUSDAR, a town of Hindoolbn, in Lahore; 

 35 miles E.N.E. of Brhiibiir. 



RAJEHAUT, a town of Bengal; 16 miles N.W. of 

 BifTunpour. N. lat. 23' 13'. E. long. 86' 40'. 



RA.IEMAL, a circar of Bengal, bounded on the N. 

 by Purncah, on the E. by Purneali, Maiildah, Dinagepour, 

 and Raujefljy, on the t). by Sultanabad, and on the W. by 

 Hindooa and Boglipour.— Alfo, the capital of the above 

 circar, lying on tlic W. bank of the Ganges, nearly in the 

 parallel of Mauldah, and about 20 miles from it ; at the foot 

 of the chain of hilh; which projefts into the river at Siely- 

 gully and Terriagiilly. It is in a ruinous ftate, although 

 not above li century ago the refidence of the viceroy ; and 

 has hardly the population of an ordinary market-town at 

 prefent. Its fituation is romantic, but not pleaiant ; for in 

 Hindooftan, the hills and eminences being always covered 

 with wood, tliat beautiful fwelling of the ground, which is 

 fo julUy admired in European landfcapes, is loll ; and the 

 fancy is prefented at bell with nothing beyond a wild fcene ; 

 which can only be relilhed by being contratted with foft and 

 beautiful ones. It is more than thirty miles above the head 

 of the delta of the Ganges, and therefore M. d'Anville 

 placed it erroneoufly by ailigning its fituation at this place. 

 N. lat. 25° 2'. E. long. 87° 56'. 



RAJEMATCHY", a town of Hindooftan, in Vifiapour; 

 37 miles N.W. of Poonah. 



RAJEMITNGALUM, a town of Hindooft.in ; 16 

 miles S. of Tinevelly. 



RAJETEA, one of the South-fea iflands, named alfo 

 Ul'ictea; which fee. 



RAJETPOUR, a town of Bengal; 15 miles S. of 

 Rogonatpour. 



RAJEWICE, a-town of Lithuania ; 42 miles S.S.E. 

 of Brzefe. 



RAIGIRI, a town of Hindooftan, in Golconda ; 10 

 miles S.E. of Beder. 



RAIGUR, a town of Hindooftan, in the circar of Snm- 

 bulpour ; 1 5 - miles N. of Sumbulpour. 



RAJHC, a town of Syria, on the Euphrates ; 18 miles 

 S. of Bembig. 



RAIL, in jlnhiteBiire, is applied varioufly ; particularly 

 to thole pieces of timber which lie horizontally between 

 the pannels of wainfcot, and over and under them. 



The word is alfo applied to thofe pieces of timber which 

 lie over and under ballufters in balconies, Itaircafes, &c. 



Alfo, to the pieces of timber that lie horizontally from 

 poft to poll in fences, with pales or without. See Fence. 



Rails, in a Ship, are long narrow pieces of fir, or oak, 

 with mouldings of regular members of architefture itruck 

 on them, which are fattened, or fometimes wrought from 

 the folid plank, as ornaments to the (hip's fides. The 

 former are now difcontiiiued in the navy, as they were found 

 to rot the fides very much ; the latter, wrought from the 

 folid plank, are ufed in merchant fhips. The rails of the 

 head and ftern are pieces of oak timber handfomcly wrought 

 with mouldings. The lower rail along the fide is named 

 the. ivii'ift-rail, and the next above it the Jheer-rail, whicli are 

 generally placed parallel to the top timber line, the (heer- 

 rail with the top of the fide amidfliips, and the waift-rail 

 about twenty inches below it ; the rails next above and pa- 

 rallel to the Iheer-rail are called drift-ratli, and the rails 

 above the plank-lheer, if any, ihe ffe-rath. The rails of the 

 head are diltinguidied by the upper or main-rail, the miildle 

 and the lotuer-rciil ; and the rails of the ftern take their names 

 from the parts to which they are fixed, as the tuck-rail, lo-wer 



counter-rail, upper counter-rail, foot fpace-rail, breajl-rail, 

 tqffiirel-rail, and tajfard fife-rail. (See Plate 1. Ship-luUding.) 

 To thefe may be added the thwartfhip pieces of the framing 

 of the great cabin bulk-lieads. 



Rails of the head are certain curved pieces of timber, ex- 

 tending from the bows on eacli fide to the continuation of 

 the (hip's item, to fupport the knee of the head, and the 

 ornamental figure fixed upon it. 



Rail, or Water-Rail, in Ornithology, the name of the 

 rallus aqualicus of authors, which is a bird of a long (lender 

 body, with (hort concave wings. The bill is (lender, (lightly 

 incurvated, and one inch three quarters long : the upper 

 mandible black, edged v/ith red, the lower orange-coloured ; 

 the irides red ; the head, hind-part of the neck, the back 

 and covert of the wmgs and tail are black, edged with an 

 olive-brown ; the bafe of the wing is white ; the quill- 

 feathers and ffcondaries duflcy ; the throat, brcaft, and upper 

 part of tl:e belly, are a(h-colourcd ; the fides under the wings, 

 as far as the rump, finely varied with black and white bars; 

 the tail is- very (hort, confiding of twelve black feathers ; the 

 ends of the two middle tipt with ruft colour; the feathers 

 immediately beneath the tail white ; the legs are placed far 

 behind, and arc of a duiky flefh colour ; the toes very long, 

 and divided to their origin : though the feet are not webbed, 

 it takes the water, will Iwiir. 011 it with much eafe, but is 

 often obferved to run along the furfnce. It delights k-is in 

 flying than in running, which it does very fwiftly along the 

 edges of brooks covered with rulbes. When it runs, it 

 every now and then flirts up its tail, and in flying hangs 

 down its letrs. Pennant. 



o 



This bird, fays Mr. Pennant, is properly _/«? ^^nmj-, agree- 

 ing with no other, but forming a feparate tribe ; though 

 M. BrilTon and Linnsens place it with the land-rail, and 

 Mr. Ray with the water-hens. It is a well-tafted bird. 



RaiL; Land, the rallus crex of Linnxus, is a migrating 

 bird, with a (hort, ftrong, thick bill ; always found among 

 corn, grafs, broom, or furze. It leaves this kingdom be- 

 fore winter. They have long legs, and a fingular note, 

 refembling the word crex, often repeated. The feathers on 

 the crown of the head, hind part of the neck, and the back, 

 are black edged with bay colour ; the coverts of the wings 

 of the fame colour, but not fpotted ; the tail is (hort and 

 of a deep bay, the belly white, and the legs afli-coloured. 

 They are in greateft plenty in Anglelea, where they appear 

 about the 20th of April, fuppofed to pafs over from Ire- 

 land, where they abound. "They are found in moil of the 

 Hebrides, and the Orkneys. Pennant. 



RAILING, in Rural Economy, a fort of fence con- 

 flrudled with pofts and rails. It is often made ufe of in 

 protefting young hedge fences, from the cropping of cattle 

 or other animals. Any fort of conrfe timber does very well 

 for this laft purpofe, fuch as outfide planks, and the boughs 

 or loppings of timber plantations. See Fence. 



RAILLERY, as Dr. Jwhufon hath defined it, denotes 

 flight fatire, or fatirical merriment ; and a beautiful writer 

 compares it to a light which dazzles, and which does not 

 burn. It is fometimes, what it always ought to be, inno- 

 cent and pleafant, but it is too frequently offenfive. Rail- 

 lery is of various kinds ; ferious, ievere, and good-humoured ; 

 there is a kind which perplexes, a kind wliich offends, and 

 a kind which pleafes. 



It has been juftly obferved, that in order to rally well, 

 kindnefs fliould prevail in every thing that is faid, as the cha- 

 rafter of a friend (hould be maintained to warrant freedom 

 with a perfon wh.o is addrefled, efpecially in this way. Al- 

 lufions to paft follies, and hints th.-it tend to revive what a 

 perfon wiihes for ever to forget, (hould never be introduced 



as 



