R A I 



both from tli' difFtrent iutL-nfity of the rays, and the dif- 

 ferent difpolitioii of the medium. 



In that mentioned, Philofophical Tranfadtions, N" 331, 

 Mr. Thorefoy obferves, the largeiiefs of the arcli was tiot 

 fo mucli lefs than that of the fun, as the different dimcnfions 

 of their bodies, and their dillances from the earth, (liould 

 feem to require ; but as to its ciitirenefs, and the beauty of 

 Its colour, it was admirable. This continued about ten 

 minutes before the iaterpofition of a cloud liindered its ob- 

 fervation. 



Rainbow, Marine. The manne or fea-bow is a pheno- 

 menon fometimes obferved in a much agitated fea ; when 

 the wind, fweepmg part of the tops of the waves, carries 

 them aloft ; fr) that the fun's 'rays, falling upon them, are 

 refraifted, &c. as in a common fhower, and paint the co- 

 lours of the bow. 



F. Bourzes, in the Philofophical Tranfaftions, obferves, 

 that the colours of the marine rainbow are lefs hvely, lefs 

 diilinft, and of lefs duration, than thofe of the common 

 bow ; that there are fcarce above two colours di'.linguilhable, 

 a dark yellow on the fide next the fun, and a pale green on 

 the oppofite fide. 



But thefe bows exceed as to number, twenty or thirty 

 being fometimes feen together : they appear at noon-day, 

 and in a pofition oppofite to that of the common bow, i. e. 

 the concave fide is turned upwards, as indeed it is neceffary 

 it (hould be, from what we have (hewn in accounting for the 

 phenomena of the folar bow. A coloured bow is always to 

 be feen in tiie fcattered water of a jet, a broken cafcadc, 

 and the like, wht-n the fun and the ipectator are in proper 

 fituations. 



To this clafs of bow s may be referred a kind of white or 

 eolourlefs rainbows, which Mentzelius, and others, affirm 

 to have feen at noon-day. M. Mariotte, in his fourth EfTai 

 de Phyfique, fays, thefe bows are formed in mills, as the 

 others are in fhowers ; and adds, that he has feen feveral, 

 both after fun-rifing, and in the night. 



The want of colours he attributes to the fmallnefs of the 

 vapours which compofe the mift ; but we ihould rather ac- 

 count for it from the exceeding tenuity of the little veficulae 

 of the vapour ; which being, in effedt, only little watery 

 pellicles bloated with air, the rays of light undergo but little 

 refraftion in pafPmg oiit of air into them ; too little to fepa- 

 rate the differently-coloured rays, &c. 



Hence, the rays are reflefted from them, compounded as 

 they came, that is, white. 



Rohault mentions coloured rainbows on the grafs, formed 

 by the refraftions of the fun's rays in the morning dew. 

 Trait, de Phyf. 



Rainbows have been alfo produced by the refleftion of the 

 fun from a river ; and in the Philofophical Tranfaftions, 

 vol. 1. p. 294. we have an account of a rainbow, which 

 mull have been formed by the exhalations from the city of 

 London, when the fun had been fet twenty minutes, and 

 confequently the centre of the bow was above the horizon. 

 The colours were the fame as in the common rainbow, but 

 fainter. 



The beft way of forming a refemblance of a rainbow is to 

 fatten a number of fmall folid glafs balls, or a number ot 

 fniall glafs bubbles full of water, upon a dark board, and 

 to prefent the board thus furnifhed to the fun at a proper 

 inclination, which experience eafily finds, whilft you turn 

 your back to the fun, and look at the board. 



RAINFELDEN, in Geography, a town of Auftria ; 

 ) miles W. of Hainfelden. 



RAINHAM, a tewnfhip of Norfolk county, in Upper 



RAJ 



Canada ; being the firft towndiip fronting on lake Eric, 

 weft of the grand river Lands. 



RAINSBRON, a town of Germany, in the margraviate 

 of Anfpach ; 3 miles N. of Creglingen. 

 RAINY Lake. See Le Pj.uk. 



RA.IODE, a tovvn of Hindoodan, in Malwa; 3omile» 

 E. of Tandla. 



RAJOORA, a town of Hindooftan, in DowUtabad ; 

 18 miles W.N.W. of Kondur. — Alfo, a town of Bengal; 

 65 miles N. of Dacca. 



R A JOUR, a town of Hindooftan, in Lahore ; 36 mile» 

 N.W. of .lummoo. 



RA.TOWLY, a town of Hindooftan, in Bahar ; 3oniile» 

 S. of Bahar. 



RA.IPOOTANA, a country of the Rajpoots, generally 

 denoting Agimere (whicli fee), and the original country of 

 the founder of the NJ^hratta ftate, whofe rulers, about half 

 a century ago, afpired at univerfal empire in Hindooftan ; 

 but they have been reduced to tlieir prefent low ftate, by 

 the depredations of Malir.itta detachm.ents, which, being 

 compofed of light horfe, and accuftomed to feparate into 

 fmall parties, have, by their delultoi-y movements, at once 

 fpread defolation, and eluded the attacks of the inhabitants. 

 Tliis is the faft with regard to the open paits of Rajpoo- 

 tana ; the mountainous parts remaining free from th. ir iu- 

 curfions. 



Rajpootana was divided into three great principahtie;, 

 under the names of Oudipour, Joodpur, and Ambeer (or 

 Amere), now better known by that of Joinagur, or Jyc- 

 nagur. (See each refpedlively.) In Acbar's divifion of . 

 the empire, thefe principalities were clafled at belonging to 

 the foubah of Agimere, fometimes called Marwar. It i» 

 not eafy to aflign the precife limits and dimenfions of thele 

 principalities, which occupy the fpace between the weftern 

 confines of Agra and the north-eaft part of Guzerat, and 

 between the fandy defert (or Regiftan) and Malwa ; that 

 is, an extent of 330 Britifh miles from N.E. to S.W., and 

 200 broad in the wideft part. Jyenagur or Jyepour lies to 

 the N.E., Oudipour to the S.W., and Joodpour to the 

 N.W., bordering angularly on the olher two. Pere Wen- 

 dell's MS., cited by Rennell, ftates the revenues of Oudi- 

 pour at 10 lacks of rupees, Marivar at 40, and Jyenagur 

 at 40, ptr annum, in the year 1779. The whole revenue of 

 the foubah of Agimere, in the time of Acb-r, appears to 

 have been only about 75 lacks. Aurungzebe is faid to 

 have doubled the land-tax on the Rajpoots, and accordingly 

 in Mr. Frafer's account, Agimere is ftattd at 163 lacks of 

 rupees. The two former, w'z. Oudipour and Marwar, are 

 very mountainous, with a fandy foil in tlie rallies ; the latter 

 is the moft fertile, and was, about the middle of the lail 

 century, in a high ftate of improvement, under the govern- 

 ment of the celebrated rajah Jyefing, or Jeffiug, who 

 founded the new ca: ital of Jyepour, whence the name of 

 the province was changed to that of the capital. Jyepour 

 was a place of great wealth and commerce in 1779, heing 

 the entrepot of the principal part of the goods that are 

 brought from every quarter of India. The rajah built an 

 obfervatory in his capital ; but the confufjons that have fo 

 long prevailed in this province, muft have greatly reduced 

 the wealth and importance of the capita?. Sindia, as Ren- 

 nell informs us, received the tribute of all the three Raj- 

 poot provinces, and converted it to his ufe ; and he alfo 

 made confiderable conquelts in them, particularly in Jyena- 

 gur. In early times the whole Rajpootana probably con- 

 ftituted one entire kingdom, or empire, under the rana or 

 prince of Oudipour, the head of the Rajpoot ftates ; the 

 aO'tiquity of whofe houfe may be inferred from the name 



Rhannt 



