RANUNCULUS. 



afiaticus; Thuiib. Jap. 241.) — " Leaves deeply three-cleft, 

 cut and toothed, hairy as well as the ftem." — Common in 

 ditches about Nagalaki, Jedo, and elfewhere in Japan, 

 flowering from February to May. It is hairy in every part, 

 except the corolla. The radical Irn-ui-s arc rounded ; the 

 uppermoll divided into lanceolate fegments ; all thrce-clcft, 

 their fegments cut, toothed, acute, hairy on both fides. 

 Footjlalks from an inch to a foot in length. Stems ftriated, 

 fcarccly leafy, zigzag, branching into flowcr-Ralks at the 

 top. Thunberg. The above character and defcription are 

 not fuffieient to diilingui(h this fpecies from the laft, with 

 which Thunberg originally confounded it. Something is 

 necelTary to be known refpefting the calyx, and its relative 

 proportion to X.\\e petals, as well as the form of they)-;;// and 

 feeds. 



35. R. rutiefolius. Rue -leaved Crowfoot. Linn. Sp. 

 PL 777. Willd. n. 28. Ait. n. 20. Jacq. Coll. v. i. 186. 

 t. 6, 7. Ailion. Pedem. v. 2.49. t. 67. f. i. (R. pnecox 

 rutaceo folio ; Cluf. Hill. v. i. 232. Ger. Em. 965. Ra- 

 noncolo alpino, con foglia di Coriandro ; Pon. Bald. 197.) 

 — Leaves pinnate, ternate, many-cleft, glaucous, fmooth ; 

 their fegments elliptic-oblong. Stem nearly fimple. Petals 

 numerous. Calyx fmooth. Seeds ovate, with llraight 



points Native of the lofticft alps of Switzerland, Dau- 



phiny, Auftria, and the north of Italy, flowering early in 

 July. The root is tuberous, with long, fimple, ilout fibres, 

 perenniaL Herb glaucous and fmooth. Stem from two to 

 five inches high, moltly fimple and finglc-flowered, fome- 

 times bearing two, rarely three, flowers, heaves (talked, 

 elegantly decompounded ; their leaflets wedge-fliaped, many- 

 cleft ; the ultimate fegments oblong, fliglitly elliptical, 

 bluntifli. Flowers of a briUiant white, at firft tinged witli 

 red, on long flialks. Calyx purplilh, five -leaved, fmooth. 

 Petals eight or ten, very erroneoufly reprefented in the 

 figure of Clufius and Gerarde, fo as to look like a fynge- 

 nefious flower. Seec/s few, large, ovate, pitted, pointed, 

 itraight, fpreading every way, llalked, in a round head. 



36. R.glacialis. Alpine Hairy -cupped Crowfoot. Linn. 

 Sp. PI. 777. Fl. Lapp. ed. jg6. t. 3. £ I. Willd. n. 29. 

 Ait. n. 21. Fl. Dan. t. 19. ( R. montanus purpureus, 

 calyce villofo, Felicis Platerii ; Bauh. Hill. v. 3. b. 846. 

 Scheuchz. Alp. v. 1.399, ''■^^ '^i9' ^- ^°- ^- '•) — Leaves 

 ternate, three-cleft, cut ; their fegments elliptical. Stem 

 nearly fimple. Calyx very hairy. — Native of the higheft 

 alps of Lapland, Switzerland, Dauphiny, Germany, &c. 

 in the neighbourhood or ice and fnow, flowering ni June 

 and July. Root perennial, with very long llrong fibres. 

 Stem from three to fix inches high ; fimple and naked in its 

 lower part ; leafy near the top, bearing one or two, very 

 rarely three, Jlowers, on long, fmoath ftalks. Leaves 

 green, fcarcely hairy, rather flefhy ; the radical ones more 

 or lefs compound, on long llalks ; their fegments broader, 

 more elliptical, and blunter than in the former. Flowers 

 large and haudfome, of five broad, roundifh, vA\\\^ petals, 

 role-coloured or purple underneath ; the calyx purplifli- 

 brown, fingularly rough, with fliining tawny hairs. When 

 we contemplate the great diverfity of iubdivifion in the fo- 

 liage of this fpecies, we are difpofed to believe awv frigidus, 

 n. 18, may poffibly be a mere variety. Thnr Jloiuers pre- 

 cifely agree, as well as their general habit. 



37. R. Segitieri. Sharp-leavcd Alpine Crowfoot. Villars 

 Dauph. v. 3. 737. t. 49. Willd. n. 30. ( R. Columna? ; 

 Ailion. Pedem. V. 2. 50. t. 67. f. 3, 4. Wulf. in Jacq. 

 Coll. v. 4. 345. R. alpinus apii folio, flore albo magno ; 

 Pont. Comp. 117. Seguier Veron. v. i.490.t. 12. f. 2,3.) 

 — Leaves ternate ; fegments wedge-fliaped, fubdivided, de- 

 current, acute. Stem br.inchcd, about three-flowered. 



Calyx fmooth.— Native of mount Baldus, where it was firft 

 found by Pontedera ; as well as of the mountains of Dau- 

 phmy Piedmont, and Carniola ; in ftony fituations. This 

 relemblcs fome of the molt luxuriant varieties of xlacialis, 

 but difi-trs m the acute and dec.irrent fegments of its leaves. 

 as well as Its fmooth pale rfl/y.v ; for Villars is incorreft in 

 delcribing that part '< externally downy." It is quite 

 fmooth, in his own and Allioni's fpccimens; the hairliiefs 

 being confined to the top of the >wr^a//, where it is 

 very denfe and confpicuous ; while the fame part \n elacialis 

 IS fmooth, up to tile bafe of the hairy calyx. The petals 

 and even the neBary, are white. Villars is furely right in 

 removing the iynonym of Columiia, cited by AUioni, which 

 we refer, with hardly any fcruple, lo JlabelltUus, n. oz, a 

 very different plant. 



38. R. nivalis. Palmate Alpine Crowfoot. Linn. Sp 

 y- 778- Fl. Lapp. ed. 2. 195. t. 3. f. 2. Willd. n. 31. 

 (Lxcudmg the variety.) — Leaves palmate, five-lobed, 

 iprcading, entire ; thofe of the Item feflile. Stem finjrlc- 

 flowered, fmooth. Calyx hairy, half the length of tht 

 petals Ftiund by Linnaeus in Lapland, by the alpine ri- 

 vulets on the fnowy mountains of that countrj-. Martens 

 had previoufly gathered it at Spitzbergen. The root is 

 fibrous, and flender. Stem fimple, ereft or afcendin? 

 fmooth, leafy, about fix inches high. Radical leaves two 

 or three, on long (lender ftalks, hoart-fiiaped at the bafe, 

 rather deeply palmate, in five broad, divaricated, obovate] 

 entire lobes, veiny and quite fmooth : Jlem-leaves one or 

 two, fjlTile, with five deeper, longer, more lanceolate lobes ; 

 the uppermoft only tliree-lobed, or occafionally quite undi- 

 vided. Floiver folitary, on a long, terminal, hairy ftalk. 

 Calyx of five ovate yellowifh leaves, rough with blackifli 

 hairs. Petals yellow, obovate, twice the lengtli of the 

 calyx. 



39. 'R.pygmnus. Dwarf Small-flowered Alpine Crow- 

 foot. Purlh n. 10. (R, nivahs pygmiEus ; Linn. Fl. 

 Lapp. ed. 2. 196. t. 3. f. 3. R. lapponicus ; Fl. Dan. 

 t. 144.)— Leaves palmate, fomewhat pedate, five-lobed, 

 fpreading entire ; the upper ones almoft fellile. Stem fin- 

 gle-flowered. Calyx nearly fmooth, rather longer than the 

 petals.— Native of Lapland and Labrador. Perennial, 

 flowering in May and June. Much fmallcr than the fore- 

 going. Middle lobe of the radical leaves very deeply fe- 

 parated. Stem- leaves lefs perfeftly feffile, and with nar- 

 rower fegments, than in nivalis. Floiver not a quarter the 

 fize of that fpecies; its petals yellow, roundifh, fcarcely fo 

 long as the calyx, which is hkewife fmall, and very (lightly 

 hairy. 



40. R. montanus. Yellow Mountain Crowfoot. Willd- 

 n. 32. Ait. n. 22. (R. nivalis ; Jacq. Auftr. t. 325, 326. 

 Sibth. in Prodr. Fl. Grxc. n. 1272 ? Villars Dauph. v. 3. 

 742. Crantz Auftr. fafc. 2. 92. t. 4. f. 3, 4. R. n. 1 168 ; 

 Hall. Hift. V. 2. 71, excluding the references to Linnxus. 

 R. minimus alpinus luteus ; Bauh. Hift. v. 3. 845, two 

 upper figures.) — Leaves five-lobed, rounded, cut; thofe of 

 the ftem feffile, with deep, lanceolate, entire fegments. 

 Stem fingle-flowercd, rough with ere£t hairs. Calyx hairy, 

 — Very abundant on the alps of Switzerland, Dauphiny, and 

 Germany ; not of Lapland. It was one of thcfe many 

 alpine plants, introduced into the Englifti gardens in 177?, 

 by a perfon fent on purpofe to colleft them, at the expence 

 of Dr. Fothergill and Dr. Pitcairn. This fpecies has been 

 confounded with the Linnsean nivalis, by all writers previous 

 to Willdenow ; yet they are truly diftinft. The montanus 

 has remarkably long, fubdivided, tuberous roots, with very 

 long ftrong fibres. 5/c»; hairy throughout, the hairs ereft • 

 fometimcs quite leaflefs. Lobes of the radical leaves un 



12 



aquallf 



