RANUNCULUS. 



equally cut and toothed, not entire. Calyx-leaves narrower, 

 and lei's hairy. Prf.j/j larger, and of a deeper yellow. This 

 is the nivalis of moil botaniils, few having feen the true 

 Linnxan Lapland plant. The variety of montanus with a 

 leaflefs /?i'm, figured in Jacquin's t. 326, at the right hand, 

 was taken for a new fpecies, and called acaulis, by Favrod 

 and Reynier, as appears by their dried fpecimens. 



41. R. Goitatii. Gouan's Pyrcnean Crowfoot. Willd. 

 n. 33. (R. pyrenxus; Gouan lUuitr. 33. t. 17. f. i, 2.) 



Leaves five-lobed, rounded, cut ; tiiofe of the ftera feflile, 



deeply palmate ; the uppermoil with acute, entire lobes. 

 Stem fingle-flowered, rough with deflexed hairs. Calyx 



hairy Gathered by Gouau on the Pyrenees, where it 



flowers foon after the melting of the fnow. We lave a 

 fpecimen from the late M. Brouflbnet. This is a larger 

 plant than the preceding, efpecially in \\.%Jlou<er, and differs, 

 as Willdenow remarks, in having the Jiem-leaf tootiied or 

 cut ; but that character applies only to the lower one. The 

 upper fiem-leaves, if there be more than one, conliit of en- 

 tire, acute lobes. The mofl: decifive mark of diltinftion 

 appears to us in the hairs of the Jlem, below the leaves, 

 which in Gouan's plant are either widely extended or bent 

 downwards ; in the montanus the hairs of every part of the 

 film are ereft, or clofe-preiled. To this no perfon has 

 hitherto adverted. 



42. R. alpcfiris. Alpine White Crowfoot. Linn. Sp. 

 PI. 778. WiUd. n. 34. Ait. n. 23. Sm. Tr. of Linn. 

 Soc. V. 10. 343. Engl. Bot. t. 2390. Jacq. Aullr. t. no. 

 (R. n. 1 167 ; Hall. Hiit. v. 2. 71. R. montani fpecies 

 prima et fecunda ; Cluf. Hift. v. i. 234. R. montanus, 

 flore minore, & majore ; Ger. Em. 964. R. minimus al- 

 pinus albus; Bauh. Hift. v. :;. 845, two lower figures.) 



Leaves very fmooth ; radical ones fomewhat heart-fhaped, 



obtufe, in three deep, lobed fegments ; item-leaf lanceolate, 

 entire. Stem moftly fingle-flowered. — Native of the highefi; 

 alps of Auftria and Switzerland, and of the mountain of 

 Clova, in Angusfliire, Scotland, in which laft place it was 

 difcovered by the late Mr. George Don, by the fides of 

 little rills, flowering, though fparingly, in the fpring of 

 1809. The roots are perennial, with long fibres. Whole 

 herb very fmooth, and rather glaucous. Stem ereft, from 

 one to four inches high, almoil always fimple and fingle- 

 flowered, naked, except one or two fimple, linear -lanceolate, 

 obtufe, entire leaves, apparently of the nature of hraSeas. 

 Radical leaves feveral, ilalked, m three deep, fubdivided, 

 acute lobes. Calyx-leaves oval, fmooth, edged with white. 

 Petals oi a pure and brilhant white. Haller fays this is one 

 of the mod acrid of its tribe, bliftering the fl-cin ; and yet the 

 alpine hunters chew it, by way of refrefliment. 



43. R. lapponicus. Long-ftalked Lapland Crowfoot. 

 Linn. Sp. PI. 778. Fl. Lapp. ed. 2. 194. t. 3. f. 4. Lap- 

 land Tour, v. I. 156,252.) — Leaves fmooth, in three very 

 deep, dilated, blunty notched lobes. Flower-ftalks elon- 

 gated, naked, fingle-flowered. Petals the length of the 

 fmooth calyx. — This rare fpecies, not known out of the 

 limits of Lapland, was difcovered by Linnsus m two or three 

 different places, near the river Juchtan, flowering in June. 

 ProfefFor Swartz alfo gathered it, many years after, near 

 Liuloa. It grows in watery fituations, and is very differ- 

 ent from aU others of this genus. The afpeft of the plant, 

 at firft fight, recalls the idea oi yidoxa Mofchatellina. The 

 root is long, thread-fhaped, and creeping, throwing up here 

 and there, from its joints, a httle, (hort, fimple, folitary, 

 fmooth Jlem, fometimes an inch or two high, fonietimes 

 fcarcely diftinguifhable. Leaves one from the bafe, and 

 another from the top, of the ftem, on flender, weak foot- 

 fialks, two or three inches in length ; each leaf an inch or 



an inch and half wide, fmooth, veiny, rather fteftiy, fome- 

 what kidney-fliaped, in three very deep, almoft diftindi, 

 broad wcdge-fliaped lobes, having a few broad and rounded, 

 b'unt notches, each tipped with a minute glandular point. 

 Flotuer-Jlalh from three to five or i'w inches high, termi- 

 nating the flem, foHtary, fimple, naked, fmooth, each bearing 

 a fmall yellow Jloiuer, fcarcely half an inch in diameter. 

 Calyx of three elliptical, concave, fmooth, pale, reflexed 

 leaves. Petals five or fix, obovate, ribbed, about the length 

 of the calyx ; their neftary clofed by a fcale. Stamens from 

 nine to twelve. P//?;// from fix to twelve. SeedsmzrouaA 

 head, ovate, fmooth, with ftrongly recurved points. 



44. R. hyperboreus. Arftic Crowfoot. Retz. Scand. 

 ed. 2. 131. Willd. n. 36. " Rottb. in Copenh. Tranf. 

 V. 10. 458. t. 4. f. 16." (R. Fl. Dan. t. 331, excluding 

 the fynonym of Ammann, which belongs to falfugmofus, 

 n. 15. R. n. 50 ; Gmel. Sib. v. 4. 204. t. 83, b, ex- 

 cluding the Linnaean fynonyms. ) — Leaves fmooth, in three 

 deep divaricated lobes ; the lateral ones cloven. Stem 

 creeping. Flower-ilalks the length of the leaves. Petals 

 fcarcely longer than the fmooth calyx. — Native of Iceland, 

 Greenland, Norway, and Siberia, in watery places. Gmelin 

 and Linnaeus confounded this with hederaeeus hereafter 

 mentioned ; Gunner mittook it for falfuginofus, which he 

 called R. Ammanni, Fl. Norv. n. 826. From both, as well 

 as from lapponicus, it is very diftindt. The Jlems are long 

 and creeping, or floating, throwing out from each joint, 

 feveral fimple, very long, fibrous radicles, with a flalkcd 

 leaf, not a quarter the fize of lapponicus, whofe lobes are 

 by no means toothed or crenate, the lateral ones only 

 being fimply cloven. T\\s flowers are fmall, pale yellow, 

 folitary, each on a lateral, but not axillary, Jlalk, whofe 

 length is about equal to the adjoining leaf with its foot- 

 Italk. Calyx-leaves only three or four, fmooth, coloured. 

 Petals about the fame number, and fcarcely longer, obo- 

 vate. Seeds ovate, gibbous, with a hooked, but very ftiort, 

 beak. 



45. R. monfpeliacus. Montpellier Crowfoot. Linn. Sp. 

 PL 778. Willd. B. 37. (R. faxatihs, magno flore; 

 Bauh. Prodr. 96. Sauv. Monfp. 181.) — " Leaves in three 

 deep crenate fegments. Stem fimple, villous, nearly naked, 

 fingle-flowered." — Native of rocky places about Montpel- 

 lier, according to Bauhin, who thus defcribes his plant. 

 " Root compofed of long capillary fibres. Leaves from the 

 root feveral ; on long, fomewhat woolly, flialk;, each leaf" 

 hardly fo broad as the nail, in three fmall fegments, which 

 are again divided into two or three acute ones. "Thcjlem 

 is about three inches high, flender, woolly, bearing one 

 large flower, of a brilliant golden yellow, compofed of five 

 petals, with many reddiihfamens." We know no authen- 

 tic fpecimen nor figure of this plant. Linnxus has marked 

 it as never feen by him ; but a fpecimen fent him by 

 Gouan, from the Pyrenees, marked R. alpinus hmnilis, magno 



flore, which we have been difpofed therefore to confider as 

 R. Gouani, n. 41, anfwers very well to Bauhin's defcription, 

 and it is not impoffible that thefe fuppofed two fpecies arc- 

 one and the fame. Yet Poiret, who profefles to have ga- 

 thered R. monfpeliacus at Montpellier, and m Barbary, 

 fpeaks of them as diftinft, though, it muft be confeffed, 

 his defcription is hardly fufficient to eftablifh the point in 

 difpute. 



46. R. penfylvanicus. Penfylvanian Crowfoot. Linn. 

 Suppl. 272. Willd. n. 38. Ait. n. 24. Purfti n. 11. 

 (R. canadenfis ; Jacq. Ic. Rar. t. 105. Mifc. v. 2. 343.) 

 — Stem ereft, hairy, branched. Leaves ternate ; leaflets 

 ftalked, deeply three -cleft, jagged, toothed ; hairy beneath. 

 Calyx reflexed, rather longer than the round petals. Fruit 



cylindrical. 



