RAPHANUS. 



three years. Stems tlirec or four feet high, round, rouglieft 

 atdie bafe. Leaves all rough, and rather fliarply toothed ; 

 the radical ones interruptedly lyrate, which we have never 

 obfervtd in the laft delcribed fpecies. T^/oTOfrj of a deeper 

 yellow, and Icfs veiny. Pods ilrongly jointed, and very 

 deeply furrowed longitudinally, deftitute of hairs or other 

 roughnefa. There can be no doubt of this being a dilHnft 

 fpecies from the former, though generally confounded 

 therewith. 



5. R. Jibirirris. Siberian Radifh. Linn. Sp. PI. 935. 

 Murray Conuncnt. Gott. for 1775. 48. t. 11. (R. n. 28 ; 

 Gmel. Sib. v. 3. 266.) — Leaves pinnatifid, fomevvhat 

 toothed. Pod round, beaded, downy, of one cell. — Native 

 of Siberia. The feeds were lent by Profeflor Pallas to the 

 Goettingen garden, where the plant flowered in June. Roof 

 annual, long, and (lender. Stems from three to fix inches 

 high ; or more, as the feeds ripen, afcending, leafy, hairy, 

 fimple or branched. Leaves fometimes elegantly and neatly 

 pinnatifid, almofl: peiStinate, either in a fimple or interrupted 

 manner, rcHigliifii at the edge only, fometimes more dilated, 

 with diftant and broader lobes. Floivers large, yellow, 

 fvveet-fcented in an evening, xhar petals Ilrongly emarginate. 

 Pods inflexed, copioufly and neatly beaded in appearance, 

 rather than diftindtly jointed, downy, each with a fharp 

 taper beak. 



6. R. tcnelliis. Slender Purple Radifh. Pallas Trav. 

 V. 3. append. 741. t. L. f. 3. Willd. n. 5. Ehrh. Sel. 

 B. 38. (Chorifpennum tenellum ; Brown in Ait. H. Kew. 

 V. 4. 129.) — Leaves fmooth, oblong, toothed; the lower? 

 moit pinnatifid. Pod awl-fliaped, jointed, fmooth, of two 

 cells. — Native of deferts near the Cafpian fea. A hardy an- 

 nual in our gardens, flowering in June and July. Root 

 long, fimple, tapering, and flender. Herb fmooth, fcarcely 

 branched, leafy. Leaves elliptic-oblong, toothed or pin- 

 natifid, tapering down into longifli footilalks. Floivers 

 fmall, purple. Beak of the pod very long and flender. 

 The ingenious Mr. Brown feparates this from Raphanus 

 chiefly, as it feems, becaufe the cotyledons are flat, not 

 folded. 



7. R. arcuatus. Curve-podded Radifli. Willd. n. 6. — 

 " Leaves oblong-lanceolate, toothed. Pod awl-fhaped, 

 curved, two-celled, fmooth." — Native country unknown. 

 Willdenow cultivated the plant, which he defcribes as an- 

 nual, with an ere£t branched Jlem, hardly a fpan high. 

 Leaves fl:alked, oblong-lanceolate, very fmooth, with broad 

 fliallow teeth. Flowers fmall, violet. Pods round, of two 

 cells, jointed, curved, fmooth, ftriated, with an awl-fliaped 

 beak. The figure of Hefpcris arenaria, Desfont. Atlant. 

 V. 2. t. 162, anfwers exadlly to tliis plant, except the 

 pods. Willdenoiu. 



8. R. lanceolatus. Lanceolate Radifli. Willd. n. 7 



" Leaves oblong-lanceolate, fomewhat toothed at the apex. 

 Pod tumid, fmooth, two-celled, with a fquarifli beak." — 

 Native of the Weft Indies. Stem a foot and half high, 

 eredl, zigxag, with ftiort branches, fmooth like every other 

 part of the plant. Leaves italked, oblong-lanceolate ; the 

 uppermoft lanceolate, narrow, entire ; the lower ones 

 bluntly toothed at the extremity. Floiuers of a middhng 

 fize, yellow, in a terminal clutter, fix inches long. Pods 

 half an inch long, witli a long, obtufe, obfcurely quadran- 

 gular beak. IVilldenoiv. 



9. R. pllofus. Hairy-ftalked Radifli. Willd. n. 8.— 

 " Leaves lanceolate-linear, pinnatifid at the bafe. Stem 

 reugh with briftly hairs. Pod round, fmooth, jointed, of 

 one cell." — Native of Guinea. Stem, two feet, or perhaps 

 more, in height, branched, divaricated. Leaves three inches 

 long, narrow, fmooth, pointed ; pinnatifid at the bafe ; 



toothed in the middle ; entire at the extremity. CluJUr: 

 axillary from every leaf, of few flowers. Pods an inch and 

 half long, round, jointed, of one cell, with a fliort beak, all 

 ot them turned one way. H^illdenow. 



R. erucoides, Linn. Suppl. 299, is rightly referred by 

 Mr. Brown, in Ait. H. Kew. v. 4. 126, to Slnapis /llMli, 

 Jacq. Hort. Vind. v. 2. t. 168. Willd. Sp. PI. v. 3. 5^7. 

 (See SlNAl'ls.) Willdenow cites it, doubtingly, under 

 Brajfua Cheiranthus of Villars, a very different jWant ; for 

 which he alfo by miftake quotes Barrel. Ic. t. 1016, a fy- 

 noiiym properly belonging to Sifymbrium Jiarrelierl. 



Linnaeus once referred Biinias Cakile to this genus of 

 Raphanus. 



Raj'JIanus, in Gardening, contains plants of the her- 

 baceous, annual, efculent kind, of which the fpecies culti- 

 vated is, the common garden radifli (R.fativus). 



There are feveral varieties ; fome of which have the ap- 

 pearance of diflinft fpecies, from their fliape, fize, and co- 

 lour of the roots ; as the long^rooted, which is that com- 

 monly cultivated in kitchen-gardens for its roots. Of lliib 

 there are feveral fubordinate variations : as the fmall-topped, 

 and the long-topped ftriped radifli. The fmall-topped 

 is mofl; commonly preferred by the gardeners near London, 

 as they require much Icfs room than thofe with large 

 tops ; for as forward radiflies are xvhat produce the greateft 

 profit to the gardener, and thcfe are commonly fown upon 

 borders near hedges, walls, or pales, the large -topped forts 

 would be apt to grow moftly at top, and not fwell fo much 

 in the root as the other, efpecially if the plants fliould be left 

 pretty clofe. 



The fmall round-rooted, which is not very common here, 

 but in many parts of Italy it is the only one cultivated ; 

 the roots of this are very white, round, fmall, and very fweet. 

 It is now frequently brought to the London markets in the 

 fpring, generally in bunches, and is fometimes miilaken there 

 for young turnips : when eaten young, it is crifp, mild, and 

 pleafant. 



The large turnip-rooted, or nuhite Spantjh, which has a 

 moderately large, fpheroidal white root, and is efleemed 

 chiefly for eating in autumn and the early part of winter. 

 Both thefe forts are commonly called indilcriminately tur- 

 nip radiflies. 



The black turnip-rooted SpaniJIi, which has a root like 

 the preceding, white within, but with a black flcin ; and 

 is greatly efl;eemed by many for autumn and winter eating. 



There are likewife fome other fubvarieties of the radifli 

 noticed by gardeners, as the common falmon radijh, and the 

 fliort-topped early falmon radiflj. Alfo the fmall red 

 turnip-rooted radi/l.\ Gardeners, too, often call the long- 

 topped fort \\ie fallad radifh. 



Method of Culture — Thefe are raifed from feed by dif- 

 ferent fowings from the end of October till April, or the- 

 following month. They fliould have a light fine mould, 

 and the more early fowings be made on borders, under 

 warm walls, or other fimilar places, and in frames covered 

 by glades. The common fpindle-rooted, fliort-topped forts 

 are moftly made ufe of in thefe early fowings, the feed 

 being fown broadcall over the beds after they have been pre- 

 pared by digging over and raking the lurface even, being 

 covered in with a flight raking. Some fow carrots with the 

 early crops of radiflies. 



It is ufnal to proteft the early fown crops in the borders, 

 during frofty nights and bad weather, by mats or dry wheat 

 ftraw, which fliould be carefully removed every mild day. 

 By this means they are brought more forward, as well as 

 form better roots. When mats are ufed, and fupported by 

 pegs or hoops, they are readily applied and rcKioved. 



3 K 2 A fecond 



