R A IJ 



)l A W 



clufters, oppofite to the leaves. Berry oliovato, witli only 

 ane feed i al lead in garden fpecimens, which vi-ry probably 

 differ in thofc icfpcfts from wild ones. 'I'liis fpecics 

 flowered at Madrid from Augud to Oilober. 



^. R. canrfceni. Hoary Rauwolli:i. Linn. Sp. PI. 303. 

 Willd. n. 3. Ait. n. 2. (R. hirfutu ; .lacq. Amer. 47. 

 R. tetraphylla latifolia ; Plum. Ic. 232. I. 236. f. 2.) — 

 Leaves m fours, elliptic-obovate, acute, downy. Flowers 

 axillary or terminal. Segments of the corolla obtufe. — 

 Native of dry, funny, bulhy places in the Weil India 

 iflands, as well as on the neighbourmg continent. It was 

 cultivated by Miller at the fame time with the lirll fpecics. 

 We received a fpecimen in flower, from the ilove at Kcw, in 

 June 1807. Jacquin fays this fpecics varies greatly in the 

 fize of all its parts, according to foil and fituation, and in 

 the height of its Jlem from one to eight feet. The young 

 branches,Jloiuer-Jialis,footJ}all:si3.nAho\.\\ fides of the leaves, are 

 clothed with fliort denfe pubefcence, which almoft entirely dif- 

 appears by culture, though the upper ride|of \\iit footjldhs con- 

 tinues rough with briftly glands. The lea-ves arc from one and a 

 half to two inches long, obovate, more or k-fs inclining to 

 elliptical, acute, unequal. Floivers in fmall, axillary, downy, 

 ilalked tufts, or umbels. Corolla green with a tinge of red, 

 its fegments obtufe. Fruit cloven at the top, firfl; red, then 

 black, containing two feeds, as Jacquin well defcribes it. 

 One cell of each feed is ufually, according to him, abortive. 



4. R. tomentofa. Downy Rauwollia. Jacq. Amer. 48. 

 Obf. fafc. 2. 9. t. 35. — ^Leaves in fours, obovato-lanceolate, 

 downy, tapering at each end. Flowers axillary or terminal. 

 Segments of the corolla acute. — Native of rocky places 

 about Carthagena ; fometimes on the (tone walls of the town. 

 Jacquin alone feems to have known this fpecies, wliich prin- 

 cipally differs from the laft, as far as we can judge, in having 

 white^ow^;-j, the fegments of whole corolla are ovate and 

 acute. The leaves moreover are rather tapering at each 

 end ; but that circumftance varies. Fruit the fize of a 

 pea, firft red, then black. We have feen no fpecimen. 



5. R. Pulapariei. Eart Indian Rauwolfia. Roxb. MSS. 

 —Leaves in threes, elliptical, bluntly^ pointed, fmooth and 

 ftiining. Flowers terminal, in forked paniqles. Corolla 

 many times longer than the caly.x. Sent by Dr. Roxburgh, 

 from Calcutta, with the above name. We rely on him for 

 the genus, having feen no fruit. This _yX)-ui is fmocth in 

 nearly every part, with round branches. Leaves about three 

 inches long, and above one broad, coriaceous and fliining ; 

 their tranfverfe veins very fine and numerous. Floiver-Jialts 

 very minutely downy, as well as the imbricated IraBeas, and 

 keeled pointed fegments of the calyx. Corolla apparently- 

 white, with a red tube, which is near three quarters of an 

 inch long, cylindrical, fwelling at the top : fegments of tlie 

 limb rounded. 



Rauwolfia, in Gardening, contains plants of the tender, 

 exotic, flirubby kind for the ftove, of which the fpecies cul- 

 tivated are : the fliining rauwolfia (R. iiitida) ; and the 

 hoary I'auwolfia ( R. canefcens^. 



Method of Culture. — Thefe may be increafed by the feeds 

 or berries, which fliould be fown in pots filled with light 

 mould, in the autumn or fpring, plunging tl>em in a mild hot- 

 bed. When the plants have attained fome growth, they 

 (hould be removed into feparate pots, and have the manage- 

 ment of other exotic ffove plants. They may likewife be 

 raifed by layers and cuttings, laid down or planted out in 

 pots, plunged in the hot-bed in the fpring and fummer 

 months, till they have llricken root, being afterwards 

 managed as thofe from feed. 



They afford much ornament and variety in hpt-houfe col- 

 leftions, both in their foliage and flowers. 



KAUZAN, in Geography, a town of France, in the df- • 

 partmcnt of the Gironde ; 9 milep S.S.E. of Libourne. 



RAUZZINI, Vknankio, in Biography, a native of ii 

 Italy, who, when he Arrived here in 1774, to fucceed Mil- I 

 lifo at the opera, was a beautiful and animated young man, ' 

 with a ioprano voice. He v;as an excellent mufician, having 

 lludied counterpoint with as much application as the art of 

 finging : fo that he may truly be faid not only to know his 

 own bufinefs, but that of a maeilro di cappella ; having 

 been as able to compofe an opera as to perform a principal 

 part in it. " Piramo e Tifbe," and '< La Veftale," may be 

 inftanced in proof of this adertion. 



His voice was not very powerful when he came hither from 

 Munich, where we firft knew him ; and where he had en- 

 joyed the higheft; favour fe-.eral years. His tafl;e, governed 

 by fcience, was correft and exquifite. His voice, though 

 not of great volume, was fweet, clear, flexible, and exten- 

 five ; being in compafs more than two oftaves. But he is 

 fuppofed to have injured his cheft in early youth by a rage 

 for counterpoint. He played the harpfichord neatly, ac- 

 companied well, ard had real genius for compofition, which 

 inclined him to devote that time to the pen and the improve- 

 ment of his hand, which, perhaps, in his ftation, would 

 have been more ufefully bellowed in nurfiiig and exercifing 

 his voice. 



It was fome time before the extent of his merit and fcience 

 were known in this country, and favoured by the pubhc. 

 Nothing can fo fpeedily convey the merits of a finger to an 

 audience, as a great and powerful voice. However, his tafte, 

 fancy, knowledge, and delicacy, together with his beautiful 

 perfon, and fpirited and intelligent manner of afting, before 

 the firit feafon was over, gained him general approbation and 

 favour. And fince he has quitted the ftage, and made Bath 

 his rcfidcnce. Tliough he has been long obliged to difcon- 

 tinue finging in public, it is not too much to fay that he has 

 diffeminated good tafte throughout the kingdom, by the 

 numerous fcholars he has taught among the nobility and 

 gentry, as well as by thofe whom he has prepared for public 

 patronage, profeffionally. 



RAW, in jigrieullure, any fort of plant, fubftance, or 

 material, which is in a green, unripe, or undigefted condi- 

 tion, or which is employed in its more frefti and crude ftate ; 

 as, for initance, dung before it has been much reduced, and 

 loft many of its nutrient principles or properties by the pro- 

 cefs of fermentation. See Dung. 



Raw Cream, in Rural Economy, fuch as is raifed in the 

 natural way, not fcalded or clouted. 



Raw Hide. See Hide. 



Raw Lands, in ylgricvlfure, a term applied to wet, cold, 

 heavy lands, which are unfit to receive the feed. 



Raw Silk. See Silk. 



RAWA, or Rava, in Geography, a town of the duchy 

 of Warfaw, late capital of a palatinate of the fame name. 

 The caftle is appropriated for the confinement of ftate pri- 

 foners ; 45 miles S.W. of Warfaw. N. lat. 51° 55'. E. 

 long. 20" 17. 



Rawa, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of Belz ; 

 18 miles S.W. of Belz. 



Rawa. See Rava. 



RAWAK, a fmall ifland in the Pacific ocean, near the 

 N. coaft of the ifland of Waygoo, with which it forms a 

 ! arbour. E. long. 131^15'. 



RAWAPSKITCHWOCK, a fmall wefterly branch of 

 Machias river. See Machias. 



RAWAY, or Bridge-tonvn, a truly commercial village 

 of Middlefex county, New Jerfey, on Raway river, four or 

 five miles S.W. of Elizabeth-town, and 75 from Philadel- 

 phia. 



