RAY 



RAY 



'}' 



Ills, per Arre. 



827 3 C 



The quantity of produce from a rich 

 brown loam, taken at tlie time of the 

 plant's flowering, was 

 Weight when dry - - - 3322413 



Weight of produce loft by drying - 4494 '4 3 



Quantity of nutritive matter - - 305 II 15 



The quantity of produce taken at the time 7 



when the feed was ripe - j 4>/3 



Weight when dry ... 4492 2 o 



Weight of produce lofl in drying . 10481 10 o 



Quantity of nutritive matter - - 643 6 7 



Lofs of weight in nutritive matter byl 



taking the crop at the time of flower- > 337 8 8 

 ing, nearly half its value - J 



Proportional value of the flowering grafs to that taken at 

 the time the feed is ripe, as 10 to 1 1 , 



The quantity of latter math produce - 3403 2 o 

 Quantity of nutritious matter - . 53 2 12 



Proportional value of the latter math grafs to that of the 

 time of flowering, as 410 10, and to that of the time the 

 feed is ripe, as 4 to 11. Se^ Grass. 



RAYA, in Geography, a river on the W. coafl of Java, 

 which runs into the fea, S.lat. 7° 27'. E. long. 107° 30'. 

 RAYEN, a town of the Rhenifh palatinate ; 1 1 miles 

 N.W. of Heilbvonn. 



RAYGEN, or Rayhrad, a town of Moravia, in the 

 circle of Brunn ; 8 miles S. of Brunn. 

 RAYLEIGH. See Raleigh. 



RAYMANGUR, afortrefs of Hindooftan, in Myfore, 

 taken in 1791 by the Britifh troops ; 15 miles E. of Nun- 

 dydroog. 



RAYMATLA, a river of Bengal, which runs into the 

 bay of Bengal, N. lat. 21° 35'. E. long. 88° 49'. 



RAYMON, a town of France, in the department of the 

 Cher ; 14 miles S.E. of Bourges. 



RAYiVIOND DE Pegnafort, in Biography, a faint in 

 the Roman calendar, was a Spaniard by nation, and born at 

 the caftle of Pegnafort, in Catalonia, in the year 1175. 

 He received the early part of his education at Barcelona, 

 from whence he removed to the.univerfity of Bologna, where 

 he fludied the law, took his degrees, and afterwards taught 

 the canon law for fome time with great reputation. He was 

 afterwards called to Barcelona, by Berenger, biihop of that 

 city, who made him a canon, and provoit of his cathedral 

 church. He held thefe potts in the year 1218, when he 

 ellablifhed an inftitution which led the way to the foundation 

 of the Order of Mercy, (fee that article.) In 1222 he re- 

 figned his dignities, and became a member of the Domini- 

 can order of preaching friars at Barcelona. In 1230, pope 

 Gregory IX. fent for him to Rome, appointed him his 

 chaplain and confefFor, and devolved on him the care of car- 

 rying on the compilation of the " Decretals." The pontiff 

 would willingly have recompenfed him for his labours by pre- 

 fenting hira with very confiderable church preferment, but 

 he chofe rather the quiet of a monaftery to the honours and 

 emoluments of the richett fees in Spain and Portugal, which 

 were offered to him. In 1238 he was called to aflume the 

 poft of general of his order ; but upon the plea of his infirmi- 

 ties, he was fuffered, in about two years, to return to his 

 monaftery, where he fpent the remainder of his long hfe. 

 He died in 1275, havmg entered on the loodth year of his 

 age. To 'his everlailing diigrace, he is faid to have been 

 principally inftrumental in introducing the Inquifition in the 

 kingdom of Arragoii, and into Languedoc, a circumttance 

 which probably was the means of his canonization in the 

 year 1601. He was author of " Surama de CalTibus pceni- 



tentialibus, feu de Poenitentia ct Matrimonio," which was 

 long popular in the Catholic world, and went through lui- 

 merous imprefiions. Tiie beft editien of it is that publifhed 

 by father Ivaget, at Lyons, in 1708. Raymond's chief 

 work is " Lib. V. Decretalium," commencing withtiie pa- 

 pacy of Alexander III., wliere t'ne decretals of Gratian 

 terminate, which was approved by pope Gregory IX., 

 and conftitutes the fe'cond volume of the papal canon law. 

 Morcri. 



Raymond Lully, a phiiofopher of much celebrity in 

 the dark ages, was born at Majorca in 1234. He was 

 brouglit up a foldier, and led the life of a man of pleafurc. 

 Falling in love with a young woman, who was deaf to his 

 addreffes, on account of a cancer with which (he was afflicted, 

 and which file exhibited to his view, in order to make him 

 defill from his importunities, he was fo much affedtcd with 

 the fight, that he retired from the world, devoting himfelf 

 to pious purfuits, and in the learch of a remedy for the dif- 

 eafe with which the objedl of his affeftion was afflidled ; this 

 was the chief motive for the chemical ftudies for which he 

 became fo famous. He undertook a courfe of travels into 

 the Eaft, for the purpofe of converting the Mahometans to 

 the Chriftian faith, and incurred very great hardfhips, and 

 the moft ferious dangers. So great was his zeal for this ob- 

 jeft, that being unable to perfuade certain Chriftian princes 

 to engage in it, he entered into the Francifcan order, and 

 returned to Africa, with the hope of obtaining the honour 

 of dying a martyr. He was accordingly thrown into pri- 

 fon, and after fuffering much torture, and long imprifon- 

 ment, he was freed through the interell of fome Genoefe 

 traders, who took him on board their (hip to convey him 

 home. He died juft when he had arrived witliin fight of 

 his native land, in the year 1315. As a chemift, his chief 

 objcft was the purfuit of the philofopher's ftone, and the 

 univerfal remedy for all diforders. Boerhaave, who had pe- 

 rufed the works of Lully, fpeaks highly of their merit ; he 

 finds them, he fays, " beyond all expeftation, excellent, fo 

 that he doubted whether they could be the work of that 

 age. So full are they of the experiments and obfervations 

 which occur in later writers, that either they muft be fuppo- 

 fititious, or the ancient chemifts muft have been acquainted 

 with many things which pafs for modern difcovcries." Lully 

 is fuppofed to have derived his chemical knowledge from his 

 travels in the Eaft, particularly from the writings of Geber. 

 A complete edition of all the writings attributed to him, 

 was printed at Mentz. Raymond Lully is chiefly celebrated 

 for an invention by which he pretended to enable any one, 

 mechanically, to invent arguments and illuftrations upon 

 any fubjeft, and thus to reach the fummit of fcience at a 

 fmall expence of time and labour. This " Great Art" 

 profeffes to furnifli a general inftrument for afliif ing invention 

 in the ftudy of every kind of fcience. For this purpofe, 

 certain general terms, which are common to all fciences, are 

 collected and arranged, not according to any natural divifion, 

 but merely according to the caprice of the inventor. An 

 alphabetical table of fuch terms was provided, and fubjefts 

 and predicates taken from thefe were infcribed in angular 

 fpaces, upon circular papers. The effences, qualities, affec 

 tions, and relations of things, being thus mechanically 

 brought together, the circular papers of fubje<Els were fixed 

 in a frame, and thofe of predicates were fo placed upon 

 them as to move freely, and in their revolutions to produce 

 various combinations of fubjeiSts and predicates ; whence 

 would arife definitions, axioms, propofitions, varying infi- 

 nitely, according to the different application of general 

 terms to particular fubjefts. Such is the general idea of the 

 Lulljan art, which, however applauded by certain writers of 



that 



