RAY 



R A Z 



He acquired the charadler of a confummate divine and civi- 

 lian, and was appointed profcllor of divinity, as well as raifed 

 to the molt confiderablc offices of trull and honour belong- 

 ing to his order. It is uncertain at what period he died. 

 He left behind him many works, of which the chief is en- 

 titled " Pantheologia, feu, Summa univerfve Theologiae." 

 This is a didionary of theology, with tlie fubjetts difpofed 

 of in alphabetical order ; it has been held in high eilimation 

 among the members of the Catholic communion. It has 

 gone through fcvcral editions in folio and quarto. The 

 lail edition was printed at Paris in 1655, in 3 vols. foHo, 

 with additions of father Nicolai. 



RAYNHAM, in Geography, a townihii) of Madachufetts, 

 in Briftol county, taken from Taunton, and incorporated 

 in 173 I. It contains i 154 inhabitants. Befides the great 

 river Taunton, this townlhip is watered by feveral ftreams, 

 upon which are fix faw-mills, three griit-mills, a furnace, a 

 forge, and fulling-mill. Here are alfo numerous ponds, of 

 which Nippanniquit, or Nippahonfit, is two miles long and 

 one broad. In this pond millions of alewives annually 

 refort and leave their fpavvn in it. An excellent kind of 

 ore, and various kinds of tifh, are found in this townfhip. 

 Belides the ufual occupations of hulbandry and mechanics, 

 many of the inhabitants are employed in the raanufaftories 

 of bar-iron, hollow ware, nails, iron for velfels, iron-(hovels, 

 potafli, fhingles, &c. The firll forge fet up in America 

 was introduced into this town by James and Henry Leonard, 

 natives of England, in 1652. The fame family, in the 6th 

 generation, now poff^fs it. King Philip's hunting houfe 

 Hood on the northern fide of Fowling pond, about one 

 mile and a quarter from the pond. When the war broke 

 out in 1675, which terminated in the death of the kmg 

 and the ruin of his tribe, he left llricf orders to all his 

 Indians not to hurt the Leonards. Before Philip's time. 

 Fowling pond was two miles long, and three miles and a 

 quarter wide. But the water is now almoft gone, and the 

 large traft it once covered is grown up to a thick-fet fwamp 

 of cedar and pine. The vicinity has abounded with excel- 

 lent ore, which has fupplied the forge for 80 years ; it is, 

 however, incapable of being wrought into iron of tlie belt 

 quality. 



RAYNOLDS, or Rainolds, Johx, in Biography, a 

 learned Enghlli divine, was born at Pinhoe, near Exeter, in 

 the year 1549. In 1562 he was admitted a ftudent at 

 Merton college, Oxford, whence he was removed, in 1 563, 

 to a fcholarfhip of Corpus Chriiti college. In 1572, 

 having taken his degrees in the arts, he was appointed 

 Greek ledlurer in his college, in wliicli department he ac- 

 quitted himfelf with great applaufe. Fuller fpeaks of him 

 in the highelt terms as a commentator of Ariftotle's Rhetoric. 

 He had hitherto been zealoufly attached to the Popilh 

 religion, while his brother William was equally zealous for 

 the Reformation. The difference in their fentiments lead- 

 ing them to frequent conferences anddifputations, they made 

 converts of each other, William becoming a determined 

 Papift, and John a fleady Proteftant. He frequently ap- 

 peared in the pulpit, and was greatly admired as a preacher. 

 In the year 1588 he was admitted to the degree of doftor 

 of divinity, and foon afterwards the fame of his great 

 learning induced queen Elizabeth to appoint him profefTor 

 extraordinary in that faculty at Oxford ; after which fhe 

 gave him the deanery of Lincoln, which he held only a 

 fliort time, wiicn he exchanged it for the prefidentfhip of 

 Corpus Chrilli college, of which he was a fellow. He 

 made this exchange from his attachment to an academical 

 life, and his love of retirement and itiidy. Similar motives 

 led him afterwards to refufe a bifhopric which queen Eliza- 



beth offered him. He retrieved the finances of his colleges, 

 which had been fuffered to fail into dilapidation, and lie 

 rcftored its decayed difcipline, itridtly obeying the ftatutes 

 himfelf, and compelling all the other members to obferve 

 them. After the acceflion of James, he was appointed, with 

 Dr. Sparks, Mr. Chadderton, and Mr. Knewllubs, to ap- 

 pear on behalf of the Puritans in the pretended conferences 

 at Hampton Court ; of which we have a full account in 

 the fecond volume of Neal's " Hiftory of the Puritans," 

 by Dr. Toulmin, p. 10 — 20. Dr. Raynolds did not on 

 this occafion aft according to his ufual fpirit, and, fuffer- 

 ing himfelf to be browbeaten by the royal tyrant, loll much 

 of the refpeft which his character ufually laid claim to. It 

 was at the conclufion of this conference, that the king faid 

 to Dr. Raynolds and his friends, in anfwer to their argu- 

 ments ; " If this be all your party hath to fay, I will 

 make them conform themfclves, or elfe I will harrie 

 them out of the land, or elfe do worfe, only hang 

 them, that's all." When James gave direftions for under- 

 taking a new and more correft tranflation of the bible. 

 Dr. Raynolds was one of the Oxford divines who were 

 commiflioned to give a new verfion of the four greater pro- 

 phets, the book of Lamentations, and the twelve miHor 

 prophets. While employed in this great work he was 

 feized with the gout, under which he had been a fufferer 

 many years, and which at length proved fatal to him. In 

 the midft of the fevereft pains, he perfevered in the ta(l< 

 affigned to him, and once a-week his fellow-labourers at 

 Oxford regularly afl'embled in his apartments, where they 

 compared the fruits of their refpedfive iludies, determining 

 what appeared to them to be the mofl faithful tranflation, 

 till they had accomplifhed their taflv. Dr. Raynolds died 

 in the year 1607, highly refpefted for his erudition, his 

 piety, his modefty, and humility. Several of his biographers 

 fpeak of him in the highefl terms. Wood fays he was 

 moft prodigioully feen in all kind of learning, and had 

 turned over all writers, profane, ecclefiaflical, and divine, all 

 the councils, fathers, and hiltories of the church. He was 

 author of many theological works, of which we may mention 

 " De Romanae Ecclefias Idolotria, in Cultu Sanftorum, 

 Reliquiarum, Imaginum," &c. 1596 ; and " Cenfura Li- 

 brorum Apocryphorum Veteris Teftamenti, adverfus Pon- 

 titicios," which was a poithumous work, and printed at 

 Oppenheim, in Germany, i6n, in 2 vols. 4to. 



RAYNPOUR, in Geography, a town of Hindooflan, in 

 Bahar ; 40 miles N.W. of Chuprah. 



RAYNULLAH, a town of Hindooflan, in Bahar ; 32 

 miles E. of Bahar. 



RAYPOUR, a town of Bengal ; S5 miles W.S.W. of 

 Burdwan. N. lat. 22° 48'. E. long. 87'^ 5'.— Alfo, a 

 large and commercial town of Hindooflan, in the country 

 of Ruttunpour ; 55 miles S. of Ruttunpour. N. lat. 21° 

 24'. E. long. 82° 28'. 



Raypour, or Ray-Gaul, a remarkable pafs on the Beyah 

 river, about 17 or 18 cofTes from Noorpour ; fituated a 

 conliderable way within the level country of the Panjab. 



RAYTE, or Ryche, in Ichthyology, a name given by 

 Joannes Cuba, Albertus, and others, to the common fl<ate, 

 or flaire. See Raia Batis. 



RAZANT. See'-RASANT. 



Razant Flank. See Flank. 



Razant Line of Defence. See Defence. 



RAZBOINIKOVA, in Geography, a town of Ruflia, 

 in the government of Irkutfl^, on the Angara ; 56 miles 

 N.W. of Balaganfliai. 



RAZBOINOI, a fort of Ruffia, on the Ural ; 92 miles 

 E.'of Orenburg. 



RAZE, 



