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R E A 



Real del Rofarlo, a town of Mexico, in the province 

 of ChiamctliiiJ, on the Spiritu Santo; 24 miles N. of 

 Chiamctlan. 



RiiAL de Frayks, a town of New Mexico, in tl;e pro- 

 vince of Mayo ; 60 miles from Santa Cruz. N. lat. 27" 44'. 

 W. long. 1 10° 22'. 



Real de Minns, a town of New Navarre; 180 miles 

 S.S.E. of Cafa Grande. 



Rkal de St. Juan, a town of New Navarre ; 195 miles 

 S.S.E. of Cafa Grande. 



Real de la Jura, El, a town of Spain, in the province 

 of Seville ; 25 miles N.W. of Carniona. 



REALE, Knights of the, or Knights of the Lionefs, 

 owed their inllitiition to the following event. Ladidaus, 

 fon of Charles Duras, having been proclaimed and crowned 

 king of Naples at GaJta, tlie Neapolitans fet up Lewis II. 

 duke of Anjou, and laid the foundation of the bloody 

 wars that followed. Thcfe troubles divided the Neapo- 

 litan nobles into two faftions ; and of thofe who declared 

 for the houfe of Anjou, fome wore on their left arm a 

 golden reale embroidered or on a red ground, by way of 

 contempt to queen Margaret, widow of Charles III. who 

 wanted to hold the reins of government during the mi- 

 nority of Ladiflaus, and called themfelves " knights of 

 the Reale ;" whilft others wore on their br(?aft the figure 

 of a " lionefs, with her feet tied," pendant to a ribbon 

 which pafled round their necks, indicating by it, that they 

 looked upon queen Margaret as tied by the leg ; and then 

 ftyled themfelves " knights of the Lionefs." 



REALEJO, in Geography, a town of Mexico, in the 

 province of Nicaragua, iituated on a bay of the Pacific 

 ocean, at the mouth of a river, both of the fame name. 

 The river is fo deep and capacious as to be capable of 

 receivmg 200 iail of (hips. The town is defended by large 

 intrenchmcnts, and very fine docks for building and repair- 

 ing fliips ; but the place fufFered confidcrably from the 

 Buccaneers. The town is large, has three churches, and 

 an hofpital ; but the place is unhealthy, on account of the 

 creeks and itinking fvvaraps in its vicinity. Its chief 

 trade confifts in pitch, tar, and cordage. At the mouth 

 of the harbour is an idand, which intercepts the fea, and 

 renders it fafe and commodious : it fornii; two channels, 

 but that on the N.W. fide is much the beil ; 18 miles N.W. 

 of Leon. N. lat. J 2° 45'. W. long. 87° 30'. 



REALGAR; in Mineralogy, fometimes called red orpi- 

 ment, an ore of arfenic, confiding, according to Thenard, of 

 75 parts arlenic, 

 25 fulphur. 

 The colour of realgar is a bright deep red, pafTing into 

 fcarlct and orange : it occurs both maffive, and cryftallized 

 in prifms, which have either 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 fides, ter- 

 inin'ited by four-lided fummits. The primitive form of the 

 cryftal is an oftaiiedron, with fcalene triangles. The lullre 

 of realgar is between vitreous and waxy ; it is femi-pellucid, 

 foft, fragile, and eafily fufible, burning in the air with a 

 blue flame, and giving out arfenical and fulphureous 

 vapours. By triSion it becomes negatively eleftrical. 

 Realgar is found in the vicinity of volcanos, and accom- 

 panying other metallic ores, both in primitive and fecondary 

 mountains. This fubflance is ufed as a pigment; and is 

 formed by the Chinefe into toys. See Sulphurated Arfenic 

 under Aksenic. 



In the hiftory of the French Academy, we have an ac- 

 count of a cup brought to Paris by the ambafiadors of 

 Siam, and prefented there, as a remedy ufed by that people 

 againft all difeafcs. 



Upon an examination, whicii had like to have cod M. 

 Homberg dear, he found it to be a kind of realgar, or red 

 arfenic, much more caullic than our's. 



Its ufe among the Siamefe, he takes to have been the fame 

 with that of rcgulus of antimony ; viz. to give an emetic 

 quality to the wine drank out of it. 



As the dofe of medicines is much (Ironger in the torrid 

 zone than among us (the quantity of ipecacuanha, c.gr. 

 ordinarily taken by the Indians, being twenty times as great 

 as that among us), it is very poffible a cup of realgar, thougli 

 enough to poifon an European, may prove a gentle medicine 

 to a Siamefc. 



REALIJO, in Geography, z fmall ifland in the Pacific 

 ocean, near the coall of Popayan. N. lat. 4° 16'. 



REALIZE, in Commerce, a term little known in trade 

 before the year 1719, when thofe immenfc fortunes began to 

 be made in France and England, by the bufinefs of aflions 

 or itock. 



By reali'zitig is meant the precaution many of thofe who 

 had gained moil, took, to convert their paper into real 

 effects : as lands, houfes, rich moveables, jewels, plate ; 

 but, above, all, into current fptJcies. A precaution ca- 

 pable of ruining the Hate ; but the French regency had 

 the wifdom to fruftrate it, by taking proper meafures to 

 have the money, thus ready to be hoarded up, returned 

 to the public. 



REALISTS, Realist.i-, a fed of fchool-philofophers 

 who followed the doftrine of Ariftotle with reippcl to uni- 

 verfal ideas, formed in oppofition to the Nominalists, 

 (fee that article,) who embraced the hypothcfis of Zeno and 

 the Stoics upon that perplexed and intricate fubject. 



Ariftotle held, againll Plato, that, previous to, and in- 

 dependent on, matter, there were no univerfal ideas or ef- 

 fenccs, and that the ideas or exemplars which the latter fup- 

 pofcd to have exilled in the divine Mind, and to have been 

 the models of all created things, had been eternally imprefled 

 upon matter, and were coeval with, and inherent m, their 

 objefts. Zeno and his followers, departing both from the 

 Platonic and Ariftotehan fyttems, maintained, that thefe 

 pretended univerfals had neither form nor eflence, and were 

 no more than mere terms and nominal reprefentations of their 

 particular objefts. 



Under the Realitls are included the Scotifts, Thomifts, 

 and all excepting the followers of Occam. , 



Their diilinguidiing tenet is, that univerfals are realities, 

 and have an aflual exiftence, out of an idea and an imagina- 

 tion ; or, as they exprefs it in the fchool-language, a parte 

 ret; whereas the Nominalifts contend, that they exift only 

 in the mind, and are only ideas, or manners of conceiving 

 things. 



Doftor Odo, or Oudard, a native of Orleans, afterwards 

 abbot of St. Martin de Tournay, was the chief of the feft 

 of the Realifts. He wrote three books of dialeftics ; where, 

 on the principles of Boethius and the ancients, he maintained 

 that the objeft of that art is things, not words ; whence the 

 fefl took its rife and name. 



REALITY, Realitas, in the Schools, a diminutive 

 of res, thing, firft ufed by the Scotifts to denote a thing 

 which may exilt of itfclf, or which has a full and abfolute 

 being of itfelf, and is not confidered as a pait of any other. 



Yet a reality is conceived as fomething Icfs than res ; and 

 accordingly every res is fuppofed to contain a number of 

 realities, which they otherwife call formalities. 



Thus, e. gr. in a man, according to the doftrine of the 

 Scotifts, are a number of realities ; -viz. a fubftance, life, 

 animal, and reafon. 



Some 



