R ]<: D 



R E D 



There are two kinds of reds ; the one in leaves, called 

 Spanifh red ; the other a liquor, which is an oxtraft of a 

 fcarlet dye. 



Red, in Dyeing, is one of the five fimple or mother colmirs 

 of the dyers. 



Some reckon feven kinds, or cads of red : -viz. fcarlet- 

 red, crimfon-red, madder-red, lialf-grain-red, half-crimfon- 

 red, lively orange-red, and fcarlet of cochineal. But they 

 may be all reduced to three, according to the three princi- 

 pal drugn which give the colours ; which arc kennes, co- 

 chineal, and madder. 



The fine fcarlet, cd\\ed/car!et of the Gobelins, is given with 

 agaric, bran-water, woad, and fcarlet grain, or kermes. 

 Some dyers add cochineal, and others fenugreek ; brighten- 

 ing it with bran-water, agaric, tartar, and turmeric. See 

 Kermes and Scarlet. 



Crimfon-red is dyed with bran-water, tartar, and meftique 

 cochineal. See Crimson. 



Madder-red is dyed with madder ; to which feme add real- 

 gar, or led arfenic : others, common fait, or other falls, 

 with wheat-flour ; or agaric with fpirit of wine, with galls 

 or turmeric. See Madder. 



The half-grain is made with agaric and bran-water, half 

 fcarlet grain, half madder, and fometimes turmeric. 



The half-crimfon is made of halt madder, half cochineal. 

 As to the lively orange-red, the iluff rauft be firft put in 

 yellow, then in a liquor made of goat's hair, (which has been 

 boiled feveral times with madder,) diflolved over the fire with 

 certain faline liquors, as urine, tartar, &c. 



The fcarlet of cochineal, or Dutch fcarlet, as the French 

 call it, is made with ftarch, tartar, and cochineal ; after firll 

 boihng It with alum, tartar, fal gemma, and aqua fortis 

 in which pewter has been diflolved. 



Befides thefe feven reds, which are good and allowed co- 

 lours, there is alfo a Brafil red ; which is difcouraged, as 

 fading eafily. 



Of the feven good reds, only four have particular calls, 

 or fhades ; the madder-red, crimfon-red, lively orange-red, 

 and fcarlet of cochineal. 



The calls or fliades of crimfon are flefli colour, peach 

 colour, carnation rofe colour, and apple-tree flower colour. 

 Thofe of madder are flefli colour, onion-peel colour, and 

 flame colour. Thofe of orange are the fame with thofe of 

 crimfon. Sca»-let, befides the fhades of all the rell, has 

 fome peculiar to itfelf, as cherry colour, fire colour, &c. 

 See Dyeing. 



Red, in the Manufaaure of Glafs-. See i?C(/ Glass. 



To make a deep red in glafs, the following method is 

 that molt praftifed by the glafs-men. Take cryftal frit 

 twenty pounds, broken pieces of white glafs one pound, 

 calcined tin two pounds ; mix thefe well together, and put 

 them into a pot to melt and purify. When thefe are 

 melted, take fteel calcined, fcales of iron from the fmith's 

 ^ anvil, both powdered very fine, of each an equal quantity ; 

 put leifurely an ounce of this mixed powder to the before 

 mentioned metal ; mix all well together, and let them Hand 

 fix or eight hours in fufiou to incorporate ; take out a proof 

 after this, and if there be too little of the powder, it will 

 appear of a dulky yellow ; then more of the powder mull 

 be added, and then add three quarters of an ounce of cal- 

 cined brafs, ground to a fine powder ; mix them thoroughly 

 together, and the mafs will be of a blood red ; continue ftirring 

 the whole together, and frequently taking out proofs of the 

 colour, when it is right, work it immediately, otherwife it 

 will lofe its colour and become black. The mouth of the 

 pot mull in this procefs be left open, elfe the colour will be 

 loll. Neri'sArt. of Glafs, p. loo. 



.See Gules. 



For painting in oil colours tliey uf ■ 

 or vermilion ; and anotlier called laccu. 



Red, in Heraldry. 



Red, in Painting. 

 a red called cinnabar, 

 See each in its place 



In limning and frefco, for a violet red, inftead of lacca 

 they ofe reddle, a natural eartfi found in England ; for a 

 brown red, they ufe burnt ochre, which is a native yellow 

 earth, made red by calcination. It is chiefly brought 

 from Oxfordfhire ; and burnt by thofe who prepare it 

 in large ovens. The marks of its goodnefs are bright- 

 nefs of colour, and a friable chalky texture, without ma- 

 nifeltnig any gritty roughnefs when rubbed betwixt tlie 

 fingers. 



The common Indian red, which is of a hue verging to the 

 fcarlet, is much ufed, on account of its flanding and warm 

 though not bright colour, in finer as well as coarfer paint- 

 ings in oil. It may be prepared by taking of the caput mor- 

 tuum or ochre left in the iron pots after the diflillation of 

 aqua fortis from nitre and vitriol, two parts ; and of the 

 caput mortuum or colcothar left in the long necks after the 

 diflillation of oil of vitriol, one part ; breaking the lumps 

 found among them, and putting them into tubs with a good 

 quantity of water : and having L-ft them to Hand for a day 

 or two, frequently ilirring tlieni, then lading off as mucli 

 water as can be obtained clear from them, and adding a frelli 

 quantity ; repeating the fame treatment till all the falts be 

 wafhed out, and the water comes off nearly infipid. The 

 red powder which remains mufl: then be wafhed over, and, 

 being freed from the water, laid out to dry. When this is 

 defigned for nicer purpofes, it lliould again be wafhed over 

 in bafons. 



The true Indian red is a native ochreous earth of a purple 

 colour, brought from the ifland of Ormus, in the Perfian 

 gulf ; and called, among the authors on thefe fubjefts, terra 

 Perjica. At prefent it is very rarely to be found ; but it 

 is certainly very valuable (there being no other uncom- 

 pounded purple colour in ufe with oil) as v^ell for the force 

 of its effeft, as for the certainty of its Handing. In its 

 genuine flate, it needs no other preparation than grinding 

 or wafhing over. It may be eafily dillinguifhed from, any 

 fidtitious kind, by its being more bright than any other ochre 

 which can be made fo purple ; and if it \>t rendered artifici- 

 ally purple by any addition, the fire will foon betray it ; 

 into which the genuine may be put without any hazard of 

 change. 



Venetian red is a native red ochre (fee Vexeta Waj), 

 not much different from the common Indian red, but fouler ; 

 and may be eafily prepared, by mixing common red ochre 

 with the colcothar or caput mortuum taken out of the aqua 

 fortis pots, and waflied over. As it is generally ufed by 

 the houfe painters in imitation of mahogany, it requires no 

 other preparation than to be well ground with the oil with 

 which it is ufed ; but when it is ufed in miniature painting, 

 it Ihould be carefully wafhed over. 



Red, Bloiun, in the Porcelain ManufaHure, a name given 

 to a peculiarly coloured china ware, of a fpangled red, or to 

 the colour alone that fpangles it. It is an ornament eafily 

 introduced into ufe in our own manufaftories of porcelain 

 ware, and is done in the following manner. The colour is 

 to be prepared of common copperas, calcined to a red 

 colour in a charcoal fire, in a crucible, with another luted on 

 the top of it inverted, and with a hole in its bottom. The 

 fignal of the calcination being finilhcd, is, when the black 

 clouds ceafe to come up tlirough the hole, and a fine white 

 thin vapour rifes in their place. The veffels are to be then 

 fiiffered to cool, and the red matter in them is to be reduced 

 to a iinc powder, while the veffels to be coloured with thii 



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