RED 



RED 



Red Gum, an infeft difeafe on wheat, by which the cars 

 of the grain are deprived of their nutrition, and thereby 

 prevented from perfefting thcmfolvcs. It is defcribed by 

 Mr. Middleton to be a coUeftion of infedls, which are vi- 

 fible to the anaffilled eye, and which, in the early part of 

 their growth, are of a reddifh colour, but become brown 

 with age : the black fpots on the draw, blades, and cars of 

 the wheat, are fuppofed to be the excrement of the infefts. 

 The blighted ears are probably rendered fo, by the infcfts 

 piercing the necks of the draw immediately below them, 

 and fucking the faccharine juice, otherwife deilined for 

 fiUing the corn. In thofc cars which have both perfeft and 

 imperfeft grains, the infecl; has perhaps inferted its probe at 

 the connection between the corn and the ftraw, and by 

 drinking up the food of the grains feverally, has ftarved 

 many of them in fuch a manner as to caufc their deftruftion 

 and decay. The exaft nature of the difeafe is not, how- 

 ever, yet well afcertained. 



Red Hay, a term ufed to fignify fuch as is mow-burnf , 

 in oppofition to fuch as is green from a moderate heat, and 

 •vinny hay, or fuch as is mouldy. 



Red Land, a term ufed by hufbandmen to exprefs a 

 fandy foil of a reddilh hue, interfperfed for the moft part 

 with pieces of fand-ltone of the fame colour, or fomewhat 

 deeper. 



It may be noticed that there are feveral varieties of this 

 foil : one of which is almoft entirely made up of fand ; 

 another with an admixture of loam with the fand, the whole 

 making a loofe loamy earth ; and a third full of fragments 

 of a poor fandy iron ore, and often containing fhising fpe- 

 culae of felenite. See Soil. 



In fome of the more northern parts of the coimty of Ox- 

 ford, there is a rich red fandy loam, upon a red grit-llone 

 rock. In fome places this land is of a more fandy quality 

 than in others ; and, in particular inftances, a deep red 

 loam, or red clay. The lands are moftly of an excellent 

 quality, both for arable purpofes and thofe of grafs ; but 

 the fandy forts are better than thofe of the clayey kinds, 

 efpecially for the former ufe. The red foiled trafts in this 

 diftrift are oonfidered as the boaft and glory of the county, 

 as they are deep, found, friable, and yet capable of tena- 

 city ; being well fuited to almoft every fort of plant which 

 can be trufted to them, in the way of cultivation. Soils cf 

 this nature prevail more or lefs in a vaft number of counties 

 throughout the kingdom, even from the more fouthern ones 

 to thofe far advanced towards the north. 



Red Roan, a term fignifying the red tinge in ripening 

 barley, and fometmies other forts of grain. 



Red Row, a provincial term, applied to the grains of 

 barley, when in a ripening ftate, or ftreaked with red. The 

 crop is then faid to be in the red row. 



Red Antimony, in Mineralogy, an ore of that mineral, of 

 a cherry-red colour, containing, according to Klaproth, 

 67.5 antimony, 

 10.8 oxygen, 

 19.7 fulphur. 

 It occurs moft frequently in minute diverging capillary 

 cryftals. It melts and evaporates before the blowpipe, 

 yielding a fulphureous odour. See Antimony. 

 Red Arjemc. See Arsenic. 

 Red Chalk. See Reddle, and Ores of Iron. 

 Red Cobalt, called cobalt crujl, and cobalt bloom or ochre, 

 an ore of cobalt, of a peach bloflbm red colour. See Co- 

 balt. 



Red Copper, Ruby copper, an ore of copper, of a cochineal 

 red colour, inclining to a lead-grey. It confifts, according 



to Klaproth, of 91 parts copper and 9 of oxygen. Si- 

 Copper. 



Red Hmmallte, Fer ol'igijle concrelicnne of Haiiy, an ore of 

 iron, found in kidney-lhapcd and globular balls. The 

 ftrutlure is fibrous, and divergingly radiated, but arranged 

 in concentric curves; the colour is a blueifh-grcy, inter- 

 mixed with red. By friftion, it acquires a high metallic 

 luftre. It yields from 60 to 70 per cent, of pure iron, 

 (See Iron.) An excellent ore of^ this kind is procured 

 near Ulverftone, in the north of Lancaftiire, much valued, 

 as producing an iron of a peculiarly dudtile quality, fuited 

 for the purpofes of the wire-drawers. 



Red Lead. See Minium and Lead. 



Red Scaly Iron Ore, Fer olii^i^e lulfant of Haiiy. It con- 

 fifts of fc " ■■-■■■ ^ ■ ■ 



s ot Icaly particles (lightly cohering ; it has an unftuout 

 feel, and ftains the fingers. It pailes into micaceous iron 

 ore. 



Red Schorl. See Ores o/ Titanium. 

 Red, or Ruby Silver Ore, Argent antimonie fulphure of 

 Haiiy. Werner divides this into two fub-fpecies, dark 

 red filver ore, and light red filver ore, diftinguifhed from 

 each other by their colour, and the fituations in which they 

 occur. The dark red ore is commonly accompanied by ga- 

 lena, antimonial lulphuret of filver, quartz, calcareous fpar, 

 and pyrites. The colour is between cochineal red and lead- 

 grey. It occurs mafhve, difleminated, and cryftallized in 

 equiangular fix-fided prifms, frequently varioufly truncated. 

 The form of the primitive cryftal is an obtufe rhomboid, 

 whofe plain angles are 104° 28' and 75° 32' ; the inclination 

 of the faces 109^' 28' and 70° 32'. The external lultre is 

 fplendent, and in fome fpecimens metallic ; internally it is 

 fhining, and fometimes femi-metallic and metallic. The 

 frailure is uneven, and in the cryftallized varieties imper- 

 feftly fmall conchoidal. See Ores of SiLVBR. 



The mafiive varieties are opaque ; the cryftallized, fcmi- 

 pellucid and pellucid. The colour of the ftreak is a cochi- 

 neal red. This variety yields eafily to the knife: before 

 the blowpipe or charcoal it decrepitates, and melts with a 

 flight efFervefcence, emitting a denfe fmoke, which colours 

 the charcoal yellow, and leaves a globule of filver. The 

 fpecific gravity is 5.563 to 5.608. 



The light red filver ore is ufually accompanied by native 

 arfenic, white cobalt ore, orpiment, and fulphate of barytes. 

 The colour pailes from a carmine red to a medium between 

 cochineal red and lead-grey. In moft of its charafters it 

 agrees nearly with the dark red filver ore ; but when fufed, 

 it yields an arfenical vapour. Hence fome chemifts have 

 conjeftured that this ore differs from the dark red ore, by 

 the former containing antimony, and the latter arfenic. 

 According to Klaproth, red filver ore contains nearly 



60 of filver, 

 10.5 fulphur. 

 Combined with 29.4 f 20.3 antimony, 

 of antimonial kimes, .< 3.2 oxygen, 

 or - - - (^ 5.9 fulphur. 



A variety of red filver ore, probably the light red ore of 

 Werner, analyfed by Prouft, gave 



74 fulphuret of filver, 

 25 fulphuret of arfenic. 

 .6 oxyd of iron. 

 Red filver ore may be diftinguilhed from cinnabar and red 

 copper ore, by its fpecific gravity, which is confiderably 

 lefs than the former, and greater than the latter ; the fpe- 

 cific gravity of red filver ore being 5.6 to 5.8. 

 of cinnabar 7 to 7.5. 



red copper 3.9 



Red Vitriol, a fait found at Neufohl, in Hungary, in the 



form 



