RED 



form of tranfparent cryftals of a pale rofe-red colour, and 

 more or k-fs tranfparent. It was difcovered by Klaproth 

 to be a fiilpliate of cobalt. Its folution affords a pale blue 

 precipitate, with carbonate of potafli, which tinges borax 

 a pure blue colour. 



Rkd Charr, in Ichthyology. See CllARR. 

 Red Eye, Erythrophthahnus, the cypnnus erythrophthalmus 

 of Linnieus, called by fome rothauge, or rootang, which, in 

 the German language, fignifies the fame. It very much re- 

 fcmbles the common river bream in fhape, but that it is 

 fomewhat thicker. The fins are all red, and the whole body 

 of the fifh is ftained with a very elegant red, but no part 

 of it fo much as the iris of the eyes. When the fcales are 

 off, the body is of a greenifh hue ; and it has a yellow fpot 

 under the tongue. It much refcmbles the river mullet in 

 fome particulars, but it is of a more beautiful colour, and 

 its eyes are more red. Its largeft fize feems a foot in 

 length. It is a well-tafted fifh ; and fpawns in April, 

 under cover of the roots of trees. Ray. 



This fifh is called rudd by fome Englifh authors ; it is 

 alfo called rutilus latior, rubellto JtuviaiUls, inAJinJcale. It 

 is very common in many of the rivers of Germany and 

 England, and is in feafon all the year, except in fpawning 

 time, when the male is fubjeft to a great number of white 

 fpots on its head, and is more rough than at any other 

 feafon. Willughby. See Cyprinus F.rythrophthahms. 



^V.n-Breajl, in Ornithology, a well-known bird, tor the 

 charafters of which, fee Motacilla Rubecula. 



The fong of this bird is remarkably fine and foft, and 

 continues through the greateft part of the winter, fpring, 

 and fummcr. Many of the autumnal fongfters feem to be 

 the young cock red-breafts of that year. Pennant. 



Thompfon, in his Seafons, Winter, line 246, has admir- 

 ably defcribed the annual vifits of this guefl : and the an- 

 cient ballad of " The Babes in the Wood," recording the 

 affeftion of this bird for mankind, is univerfally known. 



Red Chatterer of Latham, Red-bird from Surinam of 

 Edwards, and yfrnpelis carnifex of Gmelin, a bird of red 

 colours, with an ocular band, and the wing and tail-feathers 

 black at their tips. It is found in New Spain, Guiana, 

 and Surinam. 



Red Game, an Englifh name of a bird, common in the 

 mountainous parts of Yorkfhire, and fome other of our 

 northern counties. See GoK-cock, Grouse, and Tetrao 

 Lagopus. 



RED-Pole, or Linnet. See Fringilla and Linnet. 

 RED-Pole, Tellotv, or Red-headed Warbler. See MoTA- 

 CILLA Petechia. 



RED-Shani, the name of a water bir-d, called by authors 

 gallinula erythropus, and callidrys ; the fcolopax calidris of 

 Linnius. It is about the fize of the common plover. 

 The back is of a greyifh or brownifh-green, ufually fpotted 

 with black ; its neck grey, and its throat variegated with 

 black and white ; the breaft is white, with a few loofe 

 flreaks of black ; the wing-feathers are variegated with 

 black, brown, and white ; the bill is two fingers breadth 

 long, flender, and Ihaped like the beak of the woodcock ; 

 reddifh at the bafe, and blackifh lower down ; its legs are 

 of a fine beautiful red, and the hinder toe is very fhort and 

 fmall. It breeds in the fens and marlhes ; is found on moft 

 of our fhores ; conceals itfelf in winter in the gutters ; 

 and is generally found fingle, or at moft in pairs. When 

 difturbed it flies round its nelt, making a noife like a lap- 

 wing. It lays four eggs, of a whitifh colour tinged with 

 olive, and marked with irregular fpots of black, chiefly on 

 the thicker end. Ray and Pennant. See Scolopax. 

 RED'Start, the Englifh name of the ruticilla, or motacilla 



RED 



phanicurus of Linnseus, a very beautiful bird. The bill 

 and legs of the male are black ; the forehead white ; the 

 crown of the head, hind part of the neck, and the back, 

 are of a deep blue-grey ; the cheeks and throat black ; the 

 breaft, rump, and fides, are red ; the two middle feathers 

 of the tail brown, the others red ; the wings brown. In 

 the female, the top of the head and back are of a deep afh 

 colour ; the rump and tail of a duller re<l than thofe of the 

 male ; the chin white ; the lower fide of the neck cinereous ; 

 and the breaft of a paler red. 



This bird appears among us only in the fpring and fum- 

 mer, and is obferved to come over nearly at the fame time 

 with the nightingale. It is fo fhy, that it will forfake its 

 neft, formed with mofs on the outfidc, and hair and feathers 

 within, in hollow trees and the holes of buildings, if the 

 eggs are only touched. It has a very fine foft note ; and 

 is remarkable for fhaking its tail, and moving it horizontally, 

 as a dog does when fawning. Pennant. 



RETi-Start, Greater. See Lanius Infaujlus. See alfo 

 Tu KDU.s Saxatilis. 



REB-Start, Indian or Bengal. See Lanius Emeria. 

 REVi-Start, Small American. See MusciCAPA i?«/K(//a. 

 RED-Start, Grey. See Motacilla Gibraltarienfu and 

 Erithacus. 



RsD-Stone Poll. See Linnet. 



Reu-ToH. See MoTAClLL.\ Erithacus and Guiancnjis. 



Red Tanager, and Summer Red-bird. See Tanagra. 



RED-Wing, the name of a bird of the turdus, or thrufh 



kind, called alfo in fome places the ivind ihrujh, or fivine 



pipe; and by Linnseus and others the turdus iliacus, or 



Hi as. 



It is a little fmaller than the common tiirufli, and is lefs 

 fpotted. Its back, neck, and head, are of the fame colour 

 with thofe of the common thrufh ; but its fides under the 

 wings, and the featliers which line the wings, are of an 

 orange colour, orduiky red ; its belly and breaft are whitifh, 

 and its throat yellowifh, with brown fpots : the wings are 

 of a fort of chefnut colour, a httle variegated. It feeds 

 on infefts, as worms, and the like ; and is a bird of pafTage, 

 coming to us in large flocks about the fame time with the 

 fieldfare, and leaving us alfo when that bird does. When 

 the red-wing appears on the coaft in autumn, it is certain 

 the woodcocks are near. It is not well known where they 

 breed, though fome have gueffed it to be in the mountains 

 of Germany and Bohemia. They have a bitterifh tafte, 

 and are lefs valued than the fieldfare. With us they have 

 a difagreeable piping note ; but in Sweden, during the 

 fpring, they fing very finely, perching on the top of fome 

 tree among the forefts of maples. They neft in hedges, 

 and lay fix blueifh-green eggs fpotted with black. Ray and 

 Pennant. 



Red Water, a difeafe in (heep. It has been fuppofed 

 by farmers to be caufed by takmg too much watery food, 

 fuch as turnips, clover, rape, eddilb, &c., but it is not 

 peculiar to fheep feeding on turnips or rape, as has been be- 

 lieved by fome. Its removal has been attepipted by the ufe 

 of common fait, a tea-fpoonful of elixir of vitriol, and 

 the frequent driving the animal about ; and it is afferted, 

 that the difeafe may be wholly prevented by having re- 

 courfe to the ufe of dry food, in the night time, while the 

 ftieep are feeding upon thefe juicy kinds of food. See 

 Sheep. 



In Suflex the fheep are fometimes afFefted with this com. 

 plaint on their being firft turned into turnips, which is fup. 

 pofed to be caufed by their eating too large a portion of 

 them in wet feafons. The difeafe is alfo believed to ojrigi- 

 nate in the fheep being let out of the fold, when^he ground 

 4A 2 is 



