R 1^: D 



RED 



feveral flreams, it dilcharges itfclf into the Maine, a littli; 

 below Bamberg-. 



REDOLESCO, a town of Italy, in the dejiartment of 

 the Mincio ; 14 miles W.S.W. of Mantua. 



REDON, a town of France, and principal place of a 

 dlftrift, in the department of the Ille and Vilaine ; 32 miles 

 S.S.W. of Rennes. The place contains 3783, and the 

 canton 11,620 inhabitants, on a territory of iSyi ki- 

 lionietres, in 5 communes. N. lat. 47° 39'. W. long. 2°. 



REDONDA, an ifland in the Weft Indies, about 10 miles 

 in circumference, without ports, rivers, or towns. N. lat. 

 16' 55'. W. long. 6j° 20'. 



REDONDELA, or Redoxdili.o, a town of Spain, 

 in the province of Gahcia, near the well coaft, defended by 

 a ilrong caftle ; 32 miles W.S.W. of Orenfa. 



REDONDO, a rock, about three miles in circum- 

 ference, between the iflands of Montferrat and Nevis, in the 

 Weft Indies. N. lat. 17° G. W. long 61° 35'. 



Reuondo Novo, a town of Benguela. S. lat. 1 1" 22'. 

 E. long. 13° 45'. 



Redondo, 0, a town of Portugal, in Alentejo ; 14 miles 

 E.N.E. of Evora. N. lat. 38° 33'. W. long. 7° 22'. 



REDONDOS, a town of Portugal, in the province of 

 Beira ; 17 miles S. of Coimbra. 



REDOUBLE', Fr., in Mufw, a doubled interval in 

 the oftave above a fingle interval. Tlie oftave of the oc- 

 tave, with us, is called the 15th. See Intekval. 



REDOUBT, or Redoute, Reduaus, in Fortification, a 

 fmall fquare fort, without any defence but in front, ufed in 

 trenches, lines of circumvallation, contravallation, and ap- 

 proach ; as alfo for the lodging of corps de garde, and to 

 defend paflages. See FoRT. 



They are ufually figures of three, four, five, or fix fides, 

 encompafied with a ditch, and a bank of earth, which con- 

 fifts of two parts, called rampart and parapet. 



In marfhy grounds, redoubts are often made of ftone- 

 work, for the fecurity of the neighbourhood ; their face 

 confifts of from ten to fifteen fathoms ; the ditch round them 

 from eight to nine feet broad and deep ; and their parapets, 

 which are cut into embrafures and merlons, have the fame 

 thicknefs. See Reduct. 



The inner fides of fquare redoubts are ufually between 

 the limits of twelve and thirty-two yards; and when they 

 are to be defended by muflcetry, the number of men necef- 

 fary to the defence may be thus determined : half the fide 

 fquared gives the number of troops ; and twice the fquare 

 root of a given number of men, fliews the length in yards of 

 the fide of a fquare redoubt proper to contain them. 



To conjlrucl a fquare redoubt Mark out a fquare, 



whofe fide is adapted to the number of troops allotted for 

 the defence, as A B {Plate W\. Fortificatioti, Jig. 5.) for 

 the infide of the rampart. About this fquare, at the dif- 

 tance of ten or twelve feet, defcribe another fquare, whofe 

 fide, C D, is the inner boundary of the parapet ; make a 

 parapet of about nine or ten feet thick, whofe outline is the 

 line E F ; leave a berm about three ov four feet broad, 

 whofe fide is G H ; and dig a ditch about fixteen feet wide, 

 and about fix or feven feet deep, which ftiould be rounded 

 before the angles of the redoubt. Make the rampart from 

 four feet to nine or ten feet high ; let the parapet be fix or 

 feven feet higlier, and let the foot-bank be four feet and a 

 half lower than the crovi'n of the pai'apet. On that fide 

 moft fecure from the enemy, make a bridge acrofs the ditch, 

 and a pafiage through the rampart, about four or five feet 

 broad when the defence is muflcetry, about nine or ten feet 

 broad when cannon are to be ufed ; and fhut up the pallage 

 by a ftrong gate. It the redoubt is to be defended by can- 



non, both the rampart and parapet fhould be at leaft five 

 or fix feet thicker. In order to make the fire pretty nearly 

 equal on all fides, and fufficient for defending the angles of 

 the work, M. Clairac has contrived to cut the infide of the 

 parapet into notches, whofe two fides, of a yard each, are 

 at right angles to one another, and make half-right angles 

 with the fides of the work ; the manner of which, and its 

 defence, are plainly fiiewn in tlie figure, where the lines with 

 dots at the ends reprefent the fire three different ways from 

 the fame fide. 



For the method of conftrufting flanked redoubts, fee Fort. 



A detached redoubt is a kind ol work refembling a ravelin, 

 with flanks, placed beyond the glacis ; luch as B ( Plate V. 

 Fortification, Jig. 6. ) They are made in order to occupy 

 fome fpot of ground which might be advantageous to the 

 befiegers ; and likewife to oblige the enemy to open their 

 trenches farther oft than they would otherwife do. Their 

 diftance from the covert-way ought not to exceed a hundred 

 and twenty toifes, that they may be defended by muflcet-ftiot 

 from thence. The gorge, ab, is forty toifes ; the flanks, 

 ac, bf, which are perpendicular to tlie gorge, ten ; and the 

 faces, e d, fd, thirty : the ditch before it is fix toifes, ending 

 in flopes at both ends ; the covert-way, four ; the branches 

 of the covert-way about forty-two toifes long ; the faces of 

 the places of arms, y, y, which are perpendicular to the 

 branches, ten ; and the other, which is parallel to them, 

 feurteen. The communication from the covert-way to tlie 

 redoubt is five or fix toifes wide ; and there is a traverfe 

 made juft at the entrance, and another in the middle when 

 it is pretty long. The parapets of this communication ter- 

 minate in a flope or glacis. Robertfon's Marine Fortif. 

 p. 20, &c. MuUer's Fort. p. 43, &c. See Arrow. 



Redoubts are alfo fmall works of the fame form made in 

 a ravelin. 



Redoubt, Cajlle or Donjon. See Reduct. 



Redoubts en Cremaillere, differ from other redoubts b) 

 having the infide line of the parapet broken, fo as to re- 

 femble a pot-hook, or the teeth of a faw ; by which a 

 greater fire can be brought to bear upon the defile than if 

 only a fimple face was oppofed to it, and confequently the 

 paffage is rendered more difficult. 



Redoutes de Terre, Fr. redoubts that are haftily thrown 

 up, and made with earth, for the purpofe of fecuring en- 

 trenchments, circumvallations, paffages of rivers, &c. 



Redoutes de Maconnerie, Fr. redoubts made of niafon- 

 work ; generally conftrufted in places where an enemy 

 might derive advantage from eilablifliing himfelf ; they are 

 likewife built upon the faliant angles of the glacis. 



Redoutes Cafcmatces, Fr. cafemated redoubts, or fuch 

 as are arched over and made bomb-proof. Thofe con- 

 ftrufted for the defence of Gibraltar, and for the fecurity 

 of Dover caftle, are of this defcription. 



Redoutes a Machicoulis, Fr. are thofe which are made 

 of brick or ftone-work feveral ftories high. The higheil 

 ftory juts out about one foot beyond the wall that fur- 

 rounds or fronts tiie redoubt. 



REDRESSING, the reftifying or fetting any thing 

 ftraiglit again. 



Trees and other plants have a natural faculty of redrefling 

 themfelves, when, by any externa] caufe, they are forced 

 out of the perpendicular. 



In the moral fenfe, to redrefs grievances, is to reform or 

 remove them. The redrefs of injuries is the objeft with a 

 view to which courts of juftice are inftituted in every civi- 

 lized fociety ; in order to proteft the weak from the infulte 

 of the ftronger, by expounding and enforcing thole laws, 

 which define rights and prohibit wrongs. This remedy is, 

 4 B 2 tlierefore. 



