RED 



U E L) 



therefore, to be fought for by apphcatioii to tlicle courts ; 

 that is, by civil fuit or aftion. 



To rcdrcfs a ilag, among hunters, is tu put him oil his 

 changes. 



REDRILL, To, in Military Language, is to put a foldier 

 through the firll elements of military training. Every lol- 

 tlier, after his return from long abl'ence, muft be redrilled 

 before he is permitted to nft in the ranks of a company. 



REDRUTH, in Geography, a confiderable market-town 

 in the eail divifion of the hundred of Penwith, and county 

 of Cornwall, England, is fitiiated on the road from Laun- 

 cellon to the Land's-End, at the diftance of 262 miles 

 3.W. from London. It occupies the declivity of an emi- 

 nence in the very centre of the minmg diftridt, and derives 

 Its fupport entirely from the mines. Dr. Pryce luppofes it 

 to liave been a town m Saxon times ; but if fo, the records 

 of its hiilory during that period have been entirely loll. It 

 is firil mentioned in the year 1332, when William BafTet, 

 the then proprietor of the manor, obtained for the inhabitants 

 the privilege of fairs and markets. In 1502 a fimilar grant 

 was made in favour of John BafTet, efq. ; and in Oliver 

 Cromwell's time, Mr. BuUer of Morrall procured a charter 

 for a market on Fridays, which was confirmed by king 

 Charles II. At preleut there are two weekly markets, held 

 on Wednefday and Friday ; and three annual fairs, chiefly 

 for cattle and ozier mannfaftures. The tolls of two of 

 thefe fairs and the markets belong to the Bnller family ; 

 and the other fair to lord de Dunftanville, the defcendant 

 of the Baflets. The increale of this town, fince the com- 

 mencement of the copper mines in the laff century, has been 

 as fix to one, as appears by the average of baptifms. Ac- 

 cording to the pjpiilation return of 1801, it contained 664 

 houies, and 4924 inhabitants ; but In 181 1 the houles were 

 returned as amounting to S79, and the inhabitants to 5903 

 in number. 



Redruth confill!', ciiieHy of one long flree-t. The church, 

 the living of which is a redlory, was built, in 1770, by lord 

 de Dunltanville, in the Head of a more ancient one. This 

 building is fituated about half a mile from the town. Here 

 are the remains of a chapel of eafe, dedicated to St. Rumon, 

 which has been unroofed for many years. In Redruth are 

 meeting-houfes for (Quakers and Anabaptifts, beiides two 

 for Methodllii-. in the town, and a third in the north part 

 of tiie parilh. In 1803, a large ichool-houfe was built here 

 by fubfcription, and a mafter placed in it by the lame means ; 

 but the lublcriptiou having been diiconiinued, the fchool is 

 now kept open by the mafter on his own account. 



Among the numerous mines in Redruth and the con- 

 tiguous parifhes of Gwennap, Kenwyn, and St. Agnes, 

 tl'.ofe denominated the C-Juennap tnlties are confidered to be 

 the principal. Thefe lie to the fouth-ealt of Redruth, in a 

 part of the county where the tin and copper lodes are pecu- 

 liarly rich, and in fome places interfeft each other. The 

 country of the united mines Huel-Virgin, Poidice, and 

 Huel-Unity, is fchiflus ; that of Huel-Jev/ell, Huel-Gor- 

 iaud, and Trefavan, is granite ; and it has been remarked, 

 that the metallic veins moftly obey the courfe of the granite 

 mountains, and run very nearly parallel with tliem. The 

 anited mines employ about 600 men, of v/hom 400 work 

 under ground. The water is drawn off by four immenie 

 Aeam-engi.ies, one of tiie cylinders of which is nearly feveii 

 feet in diameter. The Huel- Virgin mine is 160 fathoms 

 deep, and is extremely produftive ; but the Huel-Unity and 

 Foldice mines are ftill more rich, and are wrought to fuch 

 advantage, that the proprietors ufaally ftiare from 1 6,00c/. 

 to 20,000/. per annum. The depth of the Poidice mine is 

 1 70 fathoms ; but at prefci.t it is not worked at a lov/er 



depth than 140. This is one of the oldeit minia in the 

 county, and yields a yellowifli copper ore, a rolin tin, and a 

 few Hones of galena. The Huel-Gorland mine is 120 

 rathonu below the furface, and is wrought at the expence 

 of about 1000/. a month. The North Down mines, nine 

 in number, occupy an extent of two miles in length, and 

 one in breadth, and have their lurplus water carried away 

 by the fame long adit which runs through the Gwennap 

 mines to the Carnon-Stream works. 



Befides the mines, there are feveral other objefts in the 

 vicinity of Redruth not undeferving of notice. Portreath, 

 about four miles to the north, is a fmall fea-port for the 

 importation of coals and lime, and the exportation of cop- 

 per ore to the works in Wales. It is defended by a fort, 

 mounting four guns, and was erefted by lord de Dunftan- 

 ville m the year 1782, and is maintained at hia expence. 

 Tchidy park, the ancient feat of the Dunftanville family, 

 adjoins Portreath on the -iuuth-weft. Tiiis manor is firft 

 mentioned as being in their poifeilion as early as the year 

 1 100, about thirty years before the marriage of Cecilia de 

 Dunftanville with William Baffet, who carried the Dunftan- 

 ville eftates to the Baflets. The prefent manor-houfe is of 

 modern erection, confilling of a centre, and four detached 

 ]);\vllions at the angles, the whole conftrudled chiefly of 

 Coniifli free-ilone. The principal rooms are decorated with 

 fome good portraits by Vandyke, Kneller, and fir Jofliua 

 Reynolds ; and alfo with a few pieces by Rubens, Carlo 

 Dolci, Bononi de Ferrari, Rembrandt, Borgognone, and 

 others of lefs note. The ])ark and pleafure grounds at- 

 tached to this manfion are very extenfivc ; containing about 

 feven hundred acres, finely varied by wood and lawn, and 

 appearing like a well-cultivated garden in the midlt of a 

 defert. 



Weftward from Redruth, about a mile and a half, is 

 Carn-breh hill, which Dr. Borlafe and others contend ought 

 to be regarded as the grand centre of Druidical worihip in 

 this county, almoll every kind of monument commonly at- 

 tributed to the Druids being found, as they allege, upon 

 that eminence. How far this opinion is correct, we (hall 

 not pretend to decide ; but we may obferve, that feveral 

 late writers maintain, that a part of the fuppofed monu- 

 ments of leligion, viz. the caves, are in faCt the refult of 

 natural convullion. No doubt, however, fome of them are 

 artificial, and probably belonged to the Druids ; and what 

 feems to corroborate this idea is, the circumftance of Red- 

 ruth being a corruption for Dre-Drnith, which fignifies 

 the Druids' town. On the fummit of this hill is a circular 

 foi-tification, called the Old Caftle, which appears to have 

 been formerly furrounded by a ftrong wall ; and about 300 

 yards to the eaftward, on a ledge of fuccumbent rocks, ftands 

 Carn-breh caftle, part of which lays claim to a very high 

 antiquity ; but the remainder is at comparatively modern 

 date. The rocks upon which this ftrufture is eretled not 

 lying at all contiguous to each other, are connefted by mal- 

 five circular arches thrown over the cavities. 



On the fouth-well fide of Carn-breh hill is Pendarves, 

 the feat of John Stackhoufe, efq. It is a large handfome 

 building, fituated on an eminence commanding extenfive 

 views over the weflern parts of the county. In a field 

 contiguous is a large cromlech, compofed of three upright 

 ftones, and an impoft. Clowance, fituated about three 

 miles further to tlie foutli-weft, has beeirfor feveral centuries 

 a feat of the family of St. Aubin. The houfe is deeply 

 embofiimed in wood ; and contains, befides feveral pictures 

 of curiofity and value, a large collection of rare and choice 

 prints, accumulated in the portfolios of its prefent poffeftor. 

 Lyfons'b Magna Britamiia, vol. iii. London, 1814, 4to. 



Beauties 



