REGIMEN. 



Hoi.c ; in all wliicli Uip heat is to be augmented in proportion 

 to the augmentation obfcrvod in nature. 



It is to be added, that the work may not be begun in 

 any feafon ; but regard is to be had to the fealons ot" 

 nature, lell the winter of the work be found in the 

 fummer of the year, &c. Which, however, is to be un- 

 derttood of the day in which the mercury is put in the 

 ovum philoi'ophicum, not of that when it is begun to be 

 fet at liberty from the prifons which nature had inclofed 

 it in. 



The third is, that in augmenting the fire, the augmenta- 

 tion be not of a whole degree at once, the fpirits being un- 

 able to bear fuch violence ; but a degree is to be divided into 

 four parts, and one part is to be taken at a time. 



All the operations of the firtt regimen are occult and in- 

 vifible : in the fecond regimen comes putrefadtion, whicii, 

 they fay, is the firft fenfible change, fliewing itfelf by its 

 black colour. 



Regimen, or Government, in Grammar, is that part of 

 fyntax or conftruftion, which regulates the mutual depend- 

 ency of words, and the alterations which one part of fpeech 

 occafiona in another, with regard to its mood, tenfe; or 

 cafe, and thus it differs from concord, or the agreement 

 which one word has with another, in gender, number, cafe, 

 or perfon. See CoNCOUD. 



The regimen, or government, is entirely arbitrary, and 

 differs in all languages ; one language forming its regimen 

 by cafes, as the Latins and Greeks ; others by particles in 

 lieu of them, as the Englilh by of, to, &c. the French, 

 Spaniards, and Italians, by de, a, da, &c. 



There are, however, fome general maxims which hold 

 good in all' languages; as, l. That there is no nominative 

 cafe in any fontence but has a reference to fome verb, either 

 cxpreliedor underllood. Sometimes, indeed, the infinitive 

 mood, or part of a fcntence, is put as the nominative cafe 

 to the verb ; as in Englilh, " to fee the fun is pleafant." 

 Thefe fentences, or claufes, thus conftituting the fubjeft of an 

 affirmation, maybe termed "nominative cafes." 



2. That there is no verb, except in the infinitive mood, 

 or the participle, but has its nominative cafe, either expretled 

 or underllood. Indeed^ in languages which have proper ac- 

 cufatives, as the Latin, before infinitives there is an accufa- 

 tive, not a nominative cafe ; as Scio Petrum effe dodum. The 

 nominative cafe is commonly placed before the verb ; but 

 fometimes it is put after the verb, if it is a fimple tenfe ; 

 and between the auxiliary and the verb, or participle, if a 

 compound tenfe. 



3. Two or more nouns, &c. in the Angular number, 

 jomed together by one or more copulative conjunftions, ex- 

 preiTed or underllood, muft have verbs, nouns, and pronouns, 

 agreeing with them in the plural number. The conjunftion 

 disjunftive, however, has an effect contrary to that of the 

 conjunftion copulative ; for as the verb, noun, or pronoun, 

 is referred to the preceding terms, taken leparately, it muft 

 be in the fingular. 



4. A noun of multitude, or fignifying many, may have 

 a verb or pronoun agreeing with it, either of the fingular or 

 plural Lumber ; but not without regard to the import of the 

 word, as conveying unity or plurality of idea. In the appli- 

 cation of this rule, we ought to confider whether the term 

 immediately fuggefts the idea of the number it reprefents, or 

 whether it exhibits to the mind the idea of the whole as one 

 thing. In the former cafe, the verb ought to be plural ; in 

 the latter, it ought to be fingular. 



5. Pronouns muft always agree with their antecedents, 

 and the nouns for which they ftand, in gender and number. 



6. The relative is the nominative cafe to the verb, when 



no nominative comes between it and the verb ; but when i 

 nominative comes between the relative and the verb, the re- 

 lative is governed by fome word in its own member of th? 

 ientcnce ; e.gr. " he wlo preferves me, to whum I owe my 

 being, luho/e 1 am, and ivhom 1 lerve, is eternal." 



7. When the relative is preceded by two nominative.s of 

 different perfons, the relative and verb may agree in perfon 

 with either, according to the fenfe. 



8. Every adjective, and every adjeftive pronoun, belongs 

 to a fubftantive, expreded or underllood. Adjcttive pro- 

 nouns muft agree in number with their fubftantives ; never- 

 thelcls this rule admits of exceptions ; e. gr. the word means 

 in the fingular number, and the phrafes "fcy this means," 

 " by that means," are ufed by our beft and moft corredt 

 writers, i'l%. Bacon, Tillotfon, Atterbury, Addifon, Steele, 

 Pope, &c. Campbell, in liis " Philofopliy of Rhetoric," 

 has this remark on the fubjeCt before us : " No perfons of 

 tafte will, I prefumc, venture fo far to violate the prefent 

 ufage, and confequently to ftiock the ears of the generality 

 of readers, as to fay < by this mean,' ' by that mean.' " Lowth 

 and Johnfon feem alfo to be againll the ufe of means in 

 the fingular number. The diftributive adjective pronouns, 

 each, every, either, agree with the nouns, pronouns, and 

 verbs of the fingular number only. AdjecT;ives are fome- 

 times improperly applied as adverbs. An adjeClive pronoun, 

 in the plural number, will fometimes properly affociate with 

 a fingular noun. Although the adjeftive always relates to a 

 fubftantive, it is, in many inftances, put as if it were abfo- 

 lute, efpecially where the noun has been mentioned before, 

 or is eafily underftood, though not expreffed. Subitantives 

 are often ufed as adjectives : in this cafe, the word fo ufed is 

 fometimes unconneded with the fubftantive to which it re- 

 lates ; fometimes- connefted with it by a hyphen ; and fome- 

 times joined to it, fo as to make the two words coalefce. 

 Sometimes the adjective becomes a fubftantive, and has an- 

 other adjeftive joined to it. When an adjcdive has a prepo- 

 fition before it, the fubftantive being underftood, it takes the 

 nature of an adverb, and is confidered as an adverb. 



9. One fubftantive governs another, fignifying a different 

 thing, in the pofi'effive or genitive cafe ; inafmuch as that 

 cafe always exprcffes the polleffbr, which muft be governed 

 by the poffefied : as, " my father's houfe," " virtue's re- 

 ward," &c. When the annexed fubftantive fignifies the 

 fame thing as the firft, and ferves merely to explain or de- 

 fcribeit, there is no variation of cafe ; as " George, king ©f 

 Great Britain, elector of Hanover, &c." Nouns thus cir- 

 cumftanced are faid to be in appofition to each other : and 

 nouns are not unfrequently fet in appofition to fentences, or 

 claufes of fentences. This rule does not hold fo apparently 

 in the modern as it does in the ancient languages; becaufe 

 the particles of, de, &c. which are the proper figns of the 

 genitive cafe, are frequently ufed as prepofitions. (See Ge- 

 nitive.) Subftantives govern pronouns as well as nouns in 

 the polleffive cafe ; as " every tree is known by its fruit." 

 Sometimes a fubftantive in the genitive or poffeflive cafe 

 Hands alone, the latter one by which it is governed being 

 underftood. The Englifh genitive has often an unpleafant 

 found, fo that we make more ufe of the particle of to exprefs 

 the fame relation : and in fome cafes, we ufe both the geni- 

 tive termination and the prepofition o/"; as " it is a difcovery 

 of fir Ifaac Newton's :" but when this double genitive, as 

 fome grammarians call it, is not necefiary to diftinguilh the 

 fenfe, and efpecially in a grave ftyle, it is generally omitted. 

 Except to prevent ambiguity, it feems to be allowable only 

 in cafes which fuppofe the exiftence of a plurality of fub- 

 jefts of the fame kind, as " a fubjedt of the emperor's." 

 But after all that can be faid for the double genitive, as it is 



termed, 



