11 E G 



cutting the circle in g, let fall the perpendicular g I ; fo is 

 i r the fide of the icofahedron. 



Regular Curve. Sec Cuuve. 



Regulau ArchiteBure, Forllfiealion, &c. See Archi- 

 TECTUKE, and Fortification. 



Regular Attacks, in a fiegc, are thofe that are made in 

 form, or by regular approaches. See Parallels. 



Regular Bajlkn. See Bastion. 



Regular Place. See Place. 



Regular, in the Monajlk Senfe, denotes a perfon who 

 has made the vows in fome religious houfe. See Religious 

 and Vow. 



Under regulars are comprehended the whole body of 

 monks, friars, and mendicants, &c. 



The dencminatioa of regulars, in this cafe, arifes hence, 

 that they are bound to obferve the regula or rule of the order 

 they are entered into. Hence, 



Regular Friejl is ufed for a priefl who is in fome reli- 

 gious order, in oppofition to a fccular priell, who lives in 

 the world, or at large. 



A cardinal is reputed both regular and fecular, and is 

 intitled to the privileges of both Itates. 



Regulars may be promoted to bilhoprics and archbifhop- 

 rics, as well as feculars ; but their promotion fecularizes 

 them ; the epifcopal dignity difpenfing them from the 

 obfervation of the rule of which they had before made pro- 

 feflion. 



Regular Abbots. See Abbot. 



Regular Benefices, are fuch as can only be held by 

 monks or religious ; or at lealt, per cupientem profiteri, by a 

 perfon defirous to embrace the monaitic life. See Bene- 

 fice. 



It is a maxim in the Romifli canon law, regularia regula- 

 ribus, i. e. regular benefices are to be conferred on regular 

 priefts. The abbeys that are chiefs of their refpeftive orders 

 are all regular, and can only be ferved by monks and cardinals. 

 All benefices are prelumed to be fecular, unlefs they be 

 proved regular. 



Anciently the regular benefices were almoft all conferred 

 by way of adminittration or curacy ; the religious incum- 

 bents being always ad manum to their fuperiors, who diiplacd 

 them at pleafure. Hence the common maxim among the 

 canoni fts, omne benejicium regulars manuale. 



The benefices appropriated to regulars are abbeys, con- 

 ventual priories, fimple priories, and clauftral offices. They 

 may be conferred on feculars in commendam. 



Regular Canons. See Canon. 



Regular Places, are thofe within the boundary or inclo- 

 fure of the convent ; as the cloifter, dormitory, chapter, and 

 refeftory. In oppofition to thofe deftined for guelts, and 

 for the neceliaries of the houfe, whicii are reputed without 

 the inclofure. 



Regular Corporation. See Corporation. 



REGULATION, a rule or order prefcribed by a 

 fuperior, for the uniform and orderly management of fome 

 branch of policy, juftice, or the like. 



REGULATOR of a Watch, is a fmall fpring belonging 

 to the balance, ferving to adjuft the going, and to make it 

 go either falter or flower. 



Regulator of Velocity, in Mechanics, is a contrivance 

 for regulating or governing the motion of a mill, or other 

 large machine, by means of which it will always be caufed 

 to preferve an equable and regular velocity in the motion 

 of its parts, notwithftanding any accidental increafe of the 

 moving force, or decreafe of the refiftance that may occa- 

 fionally arife, A regulator mull be connefted with fome 

 lever, or other parts of the machine, which commands the 



Vol. XXIX. 



REG 



fupply of whatever conftitutcs its moving force, as the 

 ftiuttle ot a water-wheel, the fail-cloth of a wind-mill, or 

 valve of a Ikam-engine ; and it fhould have the property 

 of aatng fuddenly upon this lever, or other part, the inftant 

 any mcreafe or decreafe of velocity in the motion takes 

 place, either to elevate or deprefs it, and thus regulate the 

 lupply in a degree proportioned to the quantity of altera, 

 tion in the velocity ; and it is by the fenfibihty and accu- 

 racy of the regulator in this refpcft that its perfeaion i» 

 ellimated. 



The regulator mod commonly ufed is called a jfOTj^-nor. 

 This confilts of two or more pendulums fufpended from 

 joints, which are fupported upon a vertical axis : this being 

 caufed to revolve by the machine, and the pendulums ac- 

 companying it, the balls will, by the centrifugal force, 

 recede from the axis or centre a quantity proportioned to 

 the velocity of the motion and length of the pendulum : 

 then, on any acceflion of the motion, they recede ttill further 

 from the axis, or -vice verfd, if the velocity diminifties. This 

 motion is contrived to aftuate the lever which regulates 

 the velocity of the machine in a fleam-engine : it is con- 

 nefted with the valve which admits the ileam from the 

 boiler to the cylinder, in a water-wheel with the fhuttle, 

 through which the water flows, or in a wind-mill with 

 the mill-fl;ones, or fail-cloths. See a farther defcription 

 under Mill-work, &TE.AM-Engine, and Windmill. 



The principle of the governor is the fame with the cir- 

 cular or conical pendulum, of which Huygens has laid 

 claim to the invention, as well as of the long pendulum for 

 regulating clocks, who fays he difcovered it nearly at the fame 

 time as the other. The conical pendulum circulates feconds 

 when of the fame length with the common pendulum, which 

 will vibrate only half feconds. To explain it, we mufl; fup- 

 pofe a ball or weight to be fufpended by a Uring or rod, 

 fo that the ball can defcribe in a horizontal circle by a 

 motion of the rod round a vertical axis, with which the 

 centre of fufpenfion coincides. In this motion the rod of 

 the pendulum will defcribe the furface of a cone, of which, 

 the point of fufpenfion is the vertex, and the horizontal 

 circle which the ball defcribes is the bafe : it is hence called 

 the circular or conical pendulum. The ball has liberty to 

 recede from, or approach to, the axis, by moving upon it» 

 centre of fufpenfion, and thus the circle the ball defcribe* 

 will be enlarged or diminifhed ; and it is this circumltance 

 which gives it the property of circulating or performing a 

 revolution always in the fame fpace of time which a fimple 

 pendulum of four times the length would vibrate ; for this 

 takes place equally whether the ball is extended to defcribe 

 a large circle, or retrafted to revolve in a fmall one ; though, 

 it ftiould be obferved, that this is only true in the fuppo- 

 fition that the pendulum-ball, in moving from the vertical 

 axis upon its centre, will defcribe a parabola inltead of % 

 circle, in the fame manner as the ball of a common pen- 

 dulum is required to move in the arc of a cycloid inftead 

 of a circle, to caufe all the vibrations, both long and Ihort, 

 to be performed in equal fpaces of time. Mr. Martin has, 

 in his Inftitutions, given a very complete explanation of the 

 principle of this pendulum, by fuppofing an inverted para- 

 bola, with its axis placed in a vertical pofition ; then fup. 

 pofing a bowl or veflel excavated by the revolution of this 

 figure upon its axis a paraboloid will be formed. A heavy 

 globe or ball being put in this bowl, may, by agitating the 

 veflil, be caufed to perform a revolution in a horizontal 

 circle within the vefTel, and it will be found to circulate in 

 the fame period of time, whether it defcribes a fmall circle 

 near the bottom of the veflel, or a large circle in its upper 

 part, where the diameter is larger. 



4L The 



