REG 



below tlic intended level, fo as to apportion the fupply to the 

 fall, and keep the velocity uniform. 



There is another kind of regnlator fometimes ufcd ia 

 machines to caiife a fnHicient refillance to the motion to pre- 

 vent acceleration, fuch as a crane or h)werin^ machine, which 

 is to let down a heavy vv'eight, a coal winding machine, &c. ; 

 a very good one for thefe piirpofes is a vertical axis with 

 pendiiUmis, like the governor, but having a broad vane to 

 meet the air inftead of heavy balls, which indeed may be 

 added alfo : this, when put in motion, will oppofe a very 

 great refillance to the acceleration, becaufe the centrifugal 

 force caufing the vanes to recede from the centre, they mud 

 defcribe a larger circle in the air in proportion to the velocity, 

 or, by coUapfing, they make but little refillance when the 

 velocity is fmall. 



REGULO, a title given to the fons of the emperor of 

 China. 



REGULUS, Makcus Attii.ius, in Biography, a cele- 

 brated Roman general, was railed to the conlulAiip the firll 

 time in the year 267 B. C, and, m conjnnAion with his 

 colleague Libo, obtained the honour ot a triumph on account 

 of their fuccefs over the Salentines, from whom they took 

 their capital Brundufium. During the firfl Punic war the 

 Romans elefted Regukis conful, together with Lucius Man- 

 ilas Vulfo, B.C. 256, and gave them orders to carry their 

 arms into Africa. They failed with a very powerful fleet, 

 and in their voyage encountered a fiipcrior Carthaginian 

 force, under Hanno and Hamilcar, which they totally de- 

 feated. After refitting in Sicily, and taking frefh troops 

 aboard, the confuls failed for the African coaft, where they 

 took poflL-flion of the town ol Clupea. They next advanced 

 towards Carthage, which city was thrown into the utmoll 

 confternation by this unexpedled invafion ; and, after plun- 

 dering the country almoll to its gates, they returned to Clu- 

 pea loaded with booty of all kinds. Very foon after this, 

 orders arrived from Rome for the return of Manlius, leaving 

 Regulus with part of the fleet and army to condutl the war 

 in Africa. Regulus allied for his recall upon the following 

 plea : he was polfefied of a farm of feven acres, from whicii 

 his family derived their fubfiftence, and being informed that 

 his fervants were carrying off his flock, he begged that he 

 might return to fave his family from ftarving. The plea 

 was over-ruled, by an order that they Ihould be maintained 

 by the public during his ah fence upon the fervice of his 

 countrv. He again advanced towards Carthage, crofled the 

 river Bagrada (in pafllng which, according to the Roman 

 hillorians, he was encountered by a monllrous ferpent,) and 

 laid fiege to a town not far from the metropolis. Hamilcar 

 attempted to reheve the place, but Regulus met him and 

 gave him a very fignal defeat. After this he took feveral 

 towns, without any refillance. A revolt of the Numidians 

 reduced the Carthaginians to flill greater diftrefs, fo that it 

 appears the enemy iought for peace. The terms, however, 

 offered by Regulus were fo unreafonaWe, that the fenate of 

 Carthage could not for a moment liften to them, and re- 

 folved upon a vigorous profecution of hoflilities. During 

 the interval of negociation a body of Greek mercenaries 

 arrived at Carthage, commanded by Xantippus, a Spartan, 

 by whom the Romans were completely defeated, with the 

 lofs of 30,000 men, befides 15,000 taken prifoners, among 

 whom was Regulus himfelf, whom the Carthaginians brought 

 in triumph into that city, which, but a few hours before, 

 he had not only infulted, but, in his own mind, devoted to 

 dettruftion. Hitherto, fays the hillorian, Regulus had ap- 

 peared only as a Roman commander, and not one of the moll 

 confpicuous } the concluding fcenes of his life are thofe 



REG 



which entitle him to rank among the firfl of Roman patriots 

 The Carthaginians behaved to their other prifoners hul 

 mancly, but Regulus they treated with all the barbarity 

 which they could devife ; but, when the fortune of war ap- 

 peared to turn againft them, they began to ufe him with 

 more lenity, m order that they might engage him to en- 

 dcavour to obtain an accommodation. At their dcfire he 

 went with their ambafladors to Rome, liaviuT firll taken an 

 oath that lie would return to his prlfon, if the negociation 

 fliould n.it fucceed. When he arrived at the gates of the 

 city he refilled to enter, being, as he faid, a (lave to the 

 Cartliaginians ; and when his wife and children came out to 

 meet him, he viewed them as ftrangers, and d' cllned their 

 carcffes. Tlie fenators alfembled to give audience to the 

 Carthaginian ambad'adors, prefled him to take his f^-at amonff 

 them, but he refufed, till commanded by his mafltrs to accept 

 it. When he was called on for his opinion, he fpoke llrongly 

 both againll granting the Carthaginians peace, and exchang- 

 ing liiniielf and the other Roman captives for the prifoners 

 of importance whom they had taken from that nation. 

 Though convinced by his arguments, the fenators were un- 

 willing to fend back fo noble a citizen, and a fubterfuge was 

 fuggefted to him by which he might be releafed from his 

 oath, but he inftaiitly rejcfted the bafe fuggeilion, and de- 

 clared his refolution to return to Carthage in tiie face of the 

 cruel pur.ilhment that he knev/ awaited him. Afting upon 

 the idea that he was fl;ill a flave, he took no leave of his 

 family, but, with an unmovsd countenance, made his way 

 in iilence through the crowds of his admiring countrymen. 

 The Carthaginians were told that their offers of peace were 

 not only rejefted at Rome, but chiefly fo through the means 

 of Regulus, whom now they refolved to punilh in the fe- 

 rerelt manner pofTible. For fome days he was expofed to 

 the rays of a meridian fun, and afterwards confined in a 

 barrel, whofe fides were every where filled with large iron 

 fpikes, till he died in the greateft: agonies. His fufferings 

 were heard of at Rome, and the fenate permitted his widow 

 to infllft whatever punifliment file pleafed on fome of the 

 molt illuftrious captives of Carthage, and file took a fevere 

 revenge, till at lall the fenate interpofed, and put a flop to 

 the barbarity of her punifiiments. Regulus pei-iftied in the 

 year B.C. 251. Univ. Hift. 



Regulus, Petty King, in our Ancient Cujloms, is a term 

 frequently ufed, in the Saxon councils, for comes or count. 



Hence fiib-regulus was alfo ufed for a vice-comes or vif- 

 count : though in many places the two feem ufed indiffer- 

 ently for the fame dignitary. Thus in the archives of the 

 cathedral of Worcefter, Uthredus fometimes ilyles him- 

 felf regulus, and fometimes fub-regulus, of the city of 

 Worceller. 



But in other places we find a diftlnaion : '< Offa, I'ex 

 Merciorum ; Uthredus, regulus ; Aldri;dus, fub-regulus, 

 &c." 



Regulus, Konig, Germ., in C/.'emi/!iy, denotes, initsmofl; 

 extenfive fenfe, a metal in the proper metallic (late. The 

 term is now little ufed, though the old chemifts chiefly em- 

 ployed it as a diilinftive appellation in thofe cafes where a 

 metal and one of its ores happened to be called by the fame 

 name. Thus, the grey fulphurct of antimony viras not known 

 by the name of antimony long before it was fufpefted to 

 contain a peculiar metal ; when this difcovery took place, the 

 metal was called regulus of antimony, m order to diftin- 

 guilh it from the ore from which it was procured. For the 

 lame reafon, the metals arfenic and cobalt were denominated 

 the reguli of arfenic and cobalt. 



Regui-US of Antimony. See ANUMyNi'. 



4 L 2 RjEGULUS, 



