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educated at the univerfity of Wittemberg, where his genius 

 chiefly inchned him to the ftudy of the mathematics, which 

 he cuhivatcd with great fucccfs. He afterwards became a 

 profeffor of thofe fciences in the fame univerfity, and ac- 

 quired very liigh reputation, not only by his kdlures, but 

 by the learned and ufeful writings which he communicated 

 to the public. Of thefe, which are very numerous, we 

 may mention " Theorise Novae Planetarum G. Purbachii," 

 augmented and illuftrated with diagrams and fcholia. 

 " Ptolemy's Almageil, with a Latin Verfion, and Scholia." 

 In 155 1 he pubhlhed " Prutenicae Tabnlje Cccleftium Mo- 

 tuum," which were feveral times reprinted. In cacrying on 

 this work, which coll feven years' labour, he was encouraged 

 by the munificence of Albert, duke of Prufiia. They were 

 conftrufted by him from a companfon of the cbfervations of 

 Copernicus with thofe of Ptolemy and Hipparchus, and he 

 has fully explained the ufe of them in a great number of 

 precepts and canons, forming a complete iniroduftion to 

 pra&ical aftronomy. Reinhold alfo made many ailronomi- 

 cal obfervations, but he never had any better inftrument 

 than a wooden quadrant. The refult of thefe obfervations 

 were (hewn to Tycho Brahe after the death of Reinhold, 

 who exprefled his furprize that fo great and meritorious a 

 cultivator of aflronomical fcience was not furnilhed with 

 better inftruments. Reinhold died in 1553, when only in 

 the 42d year of his age, pronouncing the following verfe 

 a (hort time before he expired. 



« Vixi, et quera dederas curfum mihi, Chrille, peregi." 



He had a fon of the fame name, eminent as a mathematician 

 and phyfician, who publifhed a fmall work in the German 

 language " On Subterranean Geometry ;" alfo a traft con- 

 cerning the new ftar which appeared in Cafliopeia in 1572. 



REINISCHDORF, in Geography, a town of Silefia, 

 in the principality of NeifTe ; 5 miles N. of Neifle. 



REINS, in Jinatomy, the kidneys. See Kidney and 

 Renes. 



The word, according to Varro, is formed from the 

 Greek, peiv, quafi rivl obfceni humoris ab lis oriantur. — The 

 Greeks call the rein vi^foc, from the verb ti:^iH, to rain, 

 Jnonu, Sec. 



In the manege they fay, a horfe (hould have double reins ; 

 that is, he fhould have them a little more elevated on each 

 fide of the back-bone, than upon it ; fo that, pafling your 

 hand along it, you find it large, well-furni{hed, and double, 

 by the hollow that goe.s all along the back-bone. The 

 back fhould be firm and not hollow, or bending from the 

 withers to the croup, but Itraight. 



Reins, of a bridle, alfo denote two ftraps of leather 

 meeting in the bridle-hand of the horfeman, in order to make 

 the bit bear, and keep the horfe under fubjedlion. See 

 Bridle. 



It is alfo a name given by the duke of Newcallle to two 

 ftraps or ropes of a cavefTon, which he ordered to be made 

 faft to the girths, or the pommel of the faddle, with intent 

 that the rider fhould pull them with his hand, in order to 

 bend and fupple the neck of ^he horfe. 



Rein, Falfe, is a lath of leather, pafTed fometimes through 

 the banquet, to bend the horfe's neck, which is difapproved 

 of by the duke of Newcaille, becaufe ft flacks the curb, 

 and makes the bit no more than a trench that has no 

 curb. 



Reins, in Rural Economy, the long thongs or flrips of 

 leather, or other materials, by which horfes or other animals 

 are directed in carriages or teams, Thefe reins are much 

 ufed in fome counties, as Norfolk and Suffolk, in direfling 

 the plough-teams, in order to fave the expence of another 



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perfon, the ploughman directing them in this way himfclfi 

 the driver being by this means difpenfed with. 



Reins, Check, a term fignifying the fame thing as a fort 

 of rein, and which is made ufe of in particular diftridte, .in 

 ch<M;king and directing the animals. 



Reins, Whip, a term ufed to fignify a fort of hempen 

 rein, employed for directing the team in ploughing in fome 

 diftridts, fo called in confequence of being uled inftead of 

 whips. 



Reins of a Fault. See Vault. 



REINSBERG, or Rhinsberc, in Geography, a town 

 of Brandenburg, in the Middle Mark; 10 miles N.N.E. of 

 New Ruppin. N. lat. 53"^ 4'. E. long. 12° 58'. 



REINSCHNICK, Der, a mountain of Stiria ; 12 miles 

 S.E. of Landfperg. 



REINSDORF, a town of Saxony, in the circle of 

 Erzgebirg ; two miles E.S.E. of Zwickau. 



REINSPURG, a town of Bavaria, in the territory of 

 Rothenburg ; fix miles S.S.W. of Rothenburg. 



REINSTATING, the reftoring of a perfon or thing to 

 its former ftate or condition, from whence it had been dif- 

 turbed or difplaced. See Rehabilitation. 



REINSTEIN, in Geography. See Regenstein. 

 REINSURANCE, or Re-assurance, in Commerce, a 

 contract by which a firft infurer reheves himfelf from the 

 rifles which he has undertaken, and devolves them upon other 

 under-writers, called re-infurers, or re-afTurers. When a 

 policy of infurance has been once figned, the under-writers are 

 bound by the terms of it ; nor can they be releafed from their 

 contract without the confent of the infured. But if an 

 under-writer repent of what he hasjdone ; if he be afraid to 

 encounter the rilk which he has engaged to run ; or if he 

 find that he has incautioufly engaged himfelf to a greater 

 amount than he may be able to difcharge, he may fhift it, or 

 part of it, from himfelf to other infurers, by caufing a re- 

 infurasce to be made on the fame riflf, upon the befl terras in 

 his power, and the new infurers will be refponfible to him in 

 cafe of lofs, to the amount of the r»-infurance. But in 

 fuch cafe, the new infurers are refponfible to the original 

 under-writer only, and not to the original infured, who can 

 have no remedy ffgainft him, in cafe of lofs, even though 

 the original infurer become infolvent ; becaufe there is no 

 privity of contraft between the original infured and the rc- 

 infurer. If, therefore, the original infurer fail, fo that the 

 original infured receive only a dividend, however fmall, the 

 re-infurer can gain nothing by this, but muft pay the full 

 amount of the lofs to the original infurer. Such is the law 

 on this fubjeft, in mofl of the commercial ftates of Europe. 

 But in this country it was found, about the time when the 

 ftatute 19 Geo. II. c. 17. was made, that this mode of in- 

 furance, though perfeftly reafonable, when confined to its 

 proper objeft, had been perverted from its original ufe, and 

 was employed as a mode of fpeculating in the rife and fall of 

 premiums ; and the legiflature forefeeing that it might be 

 ufed as a colour for wager policies, and a means of evading 

 theprovifions of that aft, declares (feft. 4.) " that it fhall 

 not be lawful to make re-infurance, unlefs the infurer fhall 

 be infolvent, become bankrupt, or die ; in either of which 

 cafes, fuch infurer, his executors, adminiftrators or afEgns, 

 may make re-infurance to the amount of the fum before by 

 him infured ; provided it be expreffed in the policy to be a 

 re-infurance." This claufe, having no words to confine its 

 operation to fhips belonging to Britifh fubjects, like the 

 firft claufe of the aft reftraining infurances, interefl or no inte- 

 r£/?, extends to re-infurances made in England in foreign fhips, 

 even when they are infured abroad. This has been fo deter- 

 mined } though it is obfervable that the following cafe, in 



wliich 



