R E L 



(lifeafes, fuch as fevers, dyfentcrics, inflnmmations of the 

 lungs, liver. Sec. Ncverthelel's, rclnpfes of tliefe difordcr-! 

 are not always fatal ; bccaufc, as the weaker coiilHtution is 

 lefs capable of being excited to violent adtion, i'o thcfe le- 

 cond attacks are iometimes milder, and mm-eearily influenced 

 by remedies. Relapfes of chronic difeafes, luch as dropfies 

 or jaundice, are more unfavourable ; becaufe their recur- 

 rence implies that the internal dii'eafe, from which they ori- 

 ginate, is not removed, but has only been temporarily alle- 

 viated. 



RELATIO, Lat., Relation, Engl., in Mtific. Relative 

 founds are in general fuch as belong to two or more cliords, 

 as in the key of C. The cliords of A, F, G, and E, are 

 relative chords ; as E, the 5th of A, is 3d of C ; in tlie chord 

 of F, C is the 5th ; in the chords of G and E, each of 

 thofe founds is a part of the chord of C. 



• * 



C major. 



m^^^^^^ 



'ee=L 



ira: 



ZMZ 



::zp 



^1 



The relatives to A minor are obvious here. 



3^^ 





-m^~ 



*•_ 



e- 



1 



zrizzs:- 



m 



In the modulation by rifnig and faUing a 3d in the bafe, 

 two relative notes are in common with each chord. The 

 moft: agreeable relation of a minor key to a major, is in the 

 modulation from a minor key to the 3d above : as from A to 

 C, or D to F ; tlie fcales of both keys being the fame in 

 defcending. But falling a 3d in the bafe from a minor 3d to 

 a major, as from A to F, or from D to Bb, is Hill more 

 pleafing. 



Fa/fe relation is C* againft Clq, or G« in the chord of 

 Cfc). But even thefe falfe relations are allowed now, as 

 paljing-notcs of tafte, though not in the body of the hr- 

 mony. 



RELATION, Relatio, in PhUofophy, the mutual Ti- 

 fpeft of two things ; or what each is with regard to the 

 other. 



The word is formed a referenda : relation confifting in this, 

 'hat one thing is referred to another : whence it is alfo called 

 /ejpeli, habitude, and comparifon. 



The idea of relation we acquire, when the mind fo con- 

 uders any thing, that it doth, as it were, bring it to, and fet 

 it by, another, and carry its view from the one to the other. 

 Hence the denominations given to things intimating this re- 

 fpeft, are called relatives ; and the things fo brought toge- 

 ther, are faid to be relatid. 



Thus, when I call Cains hujhand, or this wall whiter, I 

 intimate fome other pcrfon or thing in both cafes, with 

 which I compare him or it. Hence the wall is called by 

 the fchoolmen the fubject ; the thing it exceeds in white- 

 nefe, the term; and the whitenefs, the foundation of the 

 relation. 



R E L 



Relation may be confidered two wayr, ; either on tlie part 

 of the mind referring one thing to another; in which fenfe 

 relation is only a mode or afl'edion of the mind, by which 

 we maice iuch comparifon ; or on the part of the things 

 referred, which being no other than ideas, relation, in this 

 fenfe, i". only a new idea refulting or arifing in the mind 

 upon confidering of two other ideas. So that relation, tak-; 

 it as yon will, is only in the mind, and has nothing to do 

 with the things themfelves. 



Any of our ideas, Mr. Locke obferves, may be the 

 foundation of relation. Though where languages have 

 failed to give correlative names, the relation is not eaiily 

 taken notice of ; as in concubine, which is a relative name, 

 as well as w'ife. 



There is, in elFeft, no idea but is capable of an infinite 

 number of relations : thus, one fingle man may at once 

 fudain the relations of father, brother, fon, hulband, 

 friend, fubjeft, general, European, Englifhmaii, iflander, 

 mailer, fervant, bigger, lefs, &c. to an almoll infinite 

 number ; he being capable of as many relations as there 

 can be occafions of comparing him to other tilings in any 

 manner of agreement or difagreeraent, or any refpecl what- 

 foever. 



The ideas of relations are much clearer and more dii- 

 tindt than thofe of the things related ; becaufe the know- 

 ledge of one fimple idea is oftentimes fufiicient to give 

 the notion of a relation ; but, to the knowing of any 

 fubftantial being, an accurate conneAion of feveral ideas 

 is neceflary. 



The perception we have of the relations between the various 

 ideas in which the mind acquiefces, makes wliat we call 

 judgment. Thus, when I judge that twice 2 maTce 4, or do 

 not make 5, I only perceive the equahty between twice 2 

 and 4, and the inequality between twice z and 5. 



The perception wc have of the relations between the re- 

 lations of various things, conftitutes what we call reafoning. 

 Thus, when from this that 4 is a fmaller number than 6, 

 and that twice 2 is equal to 4, I gather, that twice 2 is a 

 lefs number than 6 ; I only perceive together the relation 

 of the numbers twice 2 and 4, and the relation of 4 

 and 6. 



The ideas of caufe and effeft, we get from our obferva- 

 tion of the vicillitude of things, while we perceive fome 

 qualities or fubllances begin to exift, and that they receive 

 their exiftence from the due application and operation of 

 other beings. That which produceth, is the caufe ; that 

 which is produced, is the effeft. 



Thus, fluidity in wax is the effect of a certain degree of 

 heat, which we obferve to be conilantly produced by the 

 application of fuch heat. 



The denominations of things taken from time are, for 

 the moft part, only relations. Thus, when it is faid, that 

 queen Elisabeth lived fixty-nine, and reigned forty-five years, 

 no more is meant, than that the duration of her exiftence 

 is equal to fixty-nine, and of her government to forty-five, 

 annual revolutions of the fun ; and fo are all words anfwer- 

 ing to how long. 



Young and old, and other words of time, that are 

 thought to ftand for pofitive ideas, are indeed relative, and 

 intimate a relation t» a certain length of duration, of which 

 we have the ideas in our minds. Thus, we call a man young 

 or old, that had lived little or much of that time which men 

 ufually attain to : and thus a man is called young at twenty, 

 but a horfe old at the fame period. 



Tihere are other ideas that are truly relative, which we 



fignify by names that are thought pofitive and abfolute ; fuch 



as great aiid little, ftrong and weak. The things thus deno- 



4 M 2 miuated 



