11 E N 



li E N 



The upper part of tlic barrel arbor, marked h, has a tootk, 

 which gains a tooth in the wheel, <7, every revolution ; anJ 

 that brings the pin c nearer to the centre, which, when it 

 arrives in a certain pofition, raifcs tlie piece K (fig. i.); 

 of which the centre, B, (not feen in the figure) is conical, 

 in order that when the faid pin c comes near it, it raifes it 

 with eafe, and forces it into the holes, marked N, N, N, in 

 the weight marked H {fi^. i.)) vvhich effeftually ftops its 

 motion, and prevents the ill confcquence of over-winding. 



L is a cock that carries the pivot of the barrel's axis. 



I is a cock that carries the pivot of the wheel H. 



A is the barrel which carries a wheel, that catches the 

 pinion D, which carries the minute-hand." 



The patent was obtained in July 1780; and part 2d of 

 the fpecilication contains drawings, and a plan for applying 

 the fame principle to the fufee ; but we do not underftand 

 that it has yet been made to anfvver. 



RENRITH, in Geography, a town of Germany, in the 

 county of Henneberg ; 3 miles S. of Schlfrufingen. 



RENS, Rense, or Rees, a town of France, in the de- 

 partment of the Rhine and Mofellc ; near vvhich, in the 

 Rhine, is a remarkable monument of antiquity, called the 

 " Kijniglluhl," or " Thronus regalis," confiding of a 

 round vault, built of free-ftone, and reiling upon nine -'.one 

 pillars, one of which Hands in the middle. This vault is 80 

 feet in circumference, furnifhed above with feven feats, 

 agreeable to the number of eleAors at that town. The 

 alcent to it is by flairs of ftone, confilling of 28 iteps, and 

 it has two ftrong doors. On this regal chair the eleftors 

 formerly held previous confultations for fome time, con- 

 cerning the eleftion of a king and emperor ; and when that 

 eleftion could not be performed at Francfort, it was done 

 at this place ; and here were alfo tranfafted the notification 

 and elevation of the elefted perfonage, and alfo the confulta- 

 tions of the eleflors concerning the weighty matters of the 

 empire, as well as a folemn confirmation of their privileges 

 on the part of the emperors. Hero alfo was eflablifhed, in 

 the year 1338, the eleftoral league. Maximilian I. is 

 thought to be the laft emperor who was brojght hither ; 

 5 miles S. of Coblentz. N. lat. 50^ 18'. E. long. 



7° 37'. 



RENSEN, a lake of Pruffia, in the palatinate of Culm ; 

 10 miles N.N.E. of Culm. 



RENSSELAER, a county of New York, bounded 

 N. by Wafhington county, S. by Columbia, E. by part of 

 the Itates of MafTachufetts and Vermont, and W. by Hud- 

 fon river. It contains eiglit townfhips, viz. Troy, Green- 

 bulh, Schodack, Stephentown, Peterfburg, Hofick, Pittf- 

 town, and Schaftekoke. It contains 36,309 inhabitants. 



RENSSELAERVILLE, or Rensselaerwick, a 

 townfhip of Albany county, New York, bounded S. by 

 Columbia county, and W. by Hudfon river. In this town- 

 fhip, oppofite to the city of Albany, is a medicinal fpring, 

 combining mofl of the valuable properties of the celebrated 

 waters of Saratoga. 



RENT, Reditus, in Laiu, a profit, fuch as a fum of 

 money, or other confideration, ifTuing yearly out of lands 

 or tenements, alienated on that condition. 



The word rent, or render, reditus, fignifies a compenfa- 

 tion, or return ; it being ni the nature of an acknowledg- 

 ment given for the pofTelfion of fome corporeal inlseritance. 

 Co. Litt. 144. 



It is thus called from the corrupt I^atin, reiulita, for red- 

 .dita, oi redditus ; becaufe, as Fleta tells us, relroit, et quo- 

 tiannis redit. 



The original of rents is to be fought for in the conflitu- 

 ition of the ancient feuds, which were of a military nature, 



and in the hands of military perfons ; liowever, the feuda- 

 tories, being under frequent incapacities of cultivating and 

 manuring tlieir own lands, foon found it nccefiary to com- 

 mit part of them to inferior t<-nants, obliging them to fucli 

 returns in fcrvicc, corn, cattle, or money, as might enable 

 the chief feudatories to attend tln-ir military duties without 

 dilfraftion ; which returns, or reditus, were the original of 

 rents. 



Under the pure feudal fyllem, this reditus, return, or 

 rent, confifled, in chivalry, principally of military fervices ; 

 in villcnage, of the mod flavifli offices ; and in focage, it 

 ufually confilts of money, tliough it may flill confilt offer- 

 vices, or of any other certain proHt. 



Rent is regularly due and payable upon the land from 

 whence it illues, if no particular place is mentioned in the 

 refervation (Co. Litt. 201.) ; but, in cafe of the king, the 

 payment mult be either to his officers at the exchequer, or 

 to his receiver in the country. (4 Rep. 73.) And ftriftly 

 tlie rent is demandable, and payable before the time of fun- 

 fct of the day in winch it is relerved ; though fome have 

 thought it not abfolutely due till midnight. I Saund. 287. 

 Prec. Clianc. 555. Salk. 578. 



The ufual remedy for non-payment of rent is diflrefs ; 

 however, by the common law, dillrefl'es were incident to 

 every rent-fervice, and by particular refervatien to rent- 

 charges alfc, but not to rent-feck, till the flatute 4 Geo. II. 

 c. 28. extended the fame remedy to all rents alike. More- 

 over, by this flatute it is enadted, that every landlord, who 

 hath, by his leafe, a right of re-entry in cafe of non-pay- 

 ment of rent, when half a year's rent is due, and no fufHcient 

 diftrefs is to be had, may ferve a declaration in ejectment on 

 his tenant, or fix the fame upon fome notorious part of the 

 premifes, which fhall be valid, without any formal re-entry 

 or previous demand of rent. And a recovery in fuch ejeft- 

 m.ent fhall be final and conclufive, both in law and equity, 

 unlets the rent, and all cofls, be paid or tendered within fix 

 calendar months afterwards. Other remedies are aftion of 

 debt, an affife of mort d'ancefler or novel diffeifin, the writ 

 de confuetudinibus et fervitiis, which compels a fpecific pay- 

 ment of the rent, the writ of ceflavit, and the w rit of right 

 fur difclainv?r. 



For an account of the rental of England and Wales, fee 

 Political Economy. 



The lawyers ordinarily reckon three forts of rents, vix. 

 rent-fervice, rent-charge, and rent-fee. 



Re^t Service, is where a man holds lands of his lord by 

 fealty, and certain rent ; or by fealty-fervice, and certain 

 rent ; or that which a man, making a Icafe of lands to 

 another for term of years, relerveth to be yearly paid for 

 them. 



Rent-fervice is fo called, becaufe it hath fome corporal 

 fervice incident to it, as at the leaft fealty, or the feudal 

 oath of fidelity. (Co. Litt. 142.) For, if a tenant holds 

 his land by fealty, and los. rent ; or by the fervice of 

 ploughing the lord's land, and 5^. rent : thefe pecuniary 

 rents, being connedled with perfonal fervice, are therefore 

 called rent-fervice. And for thefe, in cafe they be behind, 

 or in arrear, at the day appointed, the lord may diftrein 

 of common right, witliout relerviiig any fpecial power of 

 diflrefs ; provided he hath in liimfelf the reverfion, or 

 future ellate of the lands and tenements, after the leale or 

 particular eflace of the IcfTee or grantor is expired. Litt. 

 5 215. 



REV:T-Charge, is where a man makes over his eflate to 

 another by deed indented, either in fee, or fee-tail, or for 

 term of life ; yet referves to himfelf, by the fame indenture, 

 a fum of money yearly to be paid to him, with a claufe of 



diltreft 



