REP 



between a free, fprightly reparty, and an oKcn^wa farcafm ; 

 which fw. 



REPAST, Repastum, a meal or refedlion, talcen at 

 a Hated hour. 



In old law-books repaft is particularly uRxl for a meal's 

 meat given to fcrvilc tenants, while at work for their lord. 



The French call their meal r^/jiT/?; the Latins, ^a/?;vj ; the 

 Italians and Spaniards, paflo. 



In antiquity the repalts were frequently facrifices ; for 

 which reafon wo find them often prepared by kings them- 

 felves. 



REPEALING, in Law, the revoking or annulling of 

 a ftatute, deed, or the like. See Abrogation, Revoca- 

 tion, &c. 



No aft of parliament (hall be repealed in the fame feflion 

 it was made in. A deed or will may be repealed for a part, 

 and ftand good for the red. 



Brook uies the word repellance in the fame fenfe. 

 REPEAT, in Mafic, a charafter (hewing that what was 

 laft played or fung muft be repeated, or gone over again. 



The repeat ferves inllead of writing the fame thing twice 

 over. There are two kinds of repeats ; the great and the 

 fmall. 



The great repeat is only a double bar, dotted on each 

 fide ; or two parallel lines drawn perpendicular acrofs the 

 ftaff; with dots on either hand. See its form under Cha- 

 racters of Mufc. 



This mark (hews, that the preceding ftraiu is to be re- 

 peated ; that is, if it be near the beginning of the piece, 

 all hitherto fung or played is to be repeated ; or, if towards 

 the end of a piece, all from fuch another mark. 



In gavots, we ufually (ind the repeat at about the third 

 part of a piece ; in minuets, borees, courants, &c. towards 

 the end. 



Some make this a rule, that if there be dots on each fide 

 the bar, they direft to a repetition both of the preceding 

 and the following (train ; if there be only dots on the fide, 

 then only the drain on that fide is to be repeated. 



The y/?!fl// repeat, is where only fome of the laft mcafures 

 of a ftrain are to be repeated : this is denoted by a charafter 

 fet over the place where the repetition begins (fee Cha- 

 racters, in Mufic), and continues to the end of the (train. 

 When the fong ends with a repetition of the firll (train, 

 or part of it, inftead of a repeat, they ufe the word ila capo, 

 i. e. from the beginning. 



REPEATING Circle, an inftrument ufcd in Naviga- 

 tion, Aflronomy, and Surveying. This inftrument derives its 

 name from the property it has of giving the average of 

 feveral repeated meafui-es of an angle, made round the whole 

 circle, fo as to diminifti the errors of divifion and of excen- 

 tricity ; which is a very ufeful property, where the art of 

 dividing is not brought to that perfeftion which it is in 

 England. When the lunar method of determining the 

 longitude, by the help of improved tables of the moon's 

 motion, ivas propofed to be put in praftice, M.tyer of- 

 fered a conllruftion of the circle, which, by repeating the 

 meafure of a lunar diftance, promifcd to increafe the accuracy 

 with which fuch diftance could be meafured ; and after 

 him, Borda went a ftep farther towards the attainment of the 

 defired objecl, both whnfe contrivances we have defcribed 

 under our article Circle. Thefe inltruments, like Hadley's 

 oftants, meafured the angles by refleftion, and were confe- 

 quently ufed at fea ; but the principle of repetition is not 

 confined to reflefting inftruments ; and Borda conftrufted, 

 or contrived the conitruftion of, a repeating circle, which 

 will meafure either vertical or horizontal angles without re- 

 fleftion, with a degree of accuracy that has placed it high 



REP 



in the eftimation of the French, among whom accurate divid- 

 ing is yet a defideratum. 'This inftrument we have alfo 

 defcribed, and likewife Troughton's improvement on it, in 

 the article already referred to. 



But the repeating principle was extended by Jofeph de 

 Mcndoza Rios in the reflefting circle, fo as to meafure both 

 backwards and forwards, and to give a'ouli/e refults by means 

 of a moveable or fying circle, which we have likewife 

 defcribed under the article Circle, together with our ob- 

 fervations on the peculiarities of its conftruftion. It re- 

 mains, therefore, that we now defcribe a recent conftruftion 

 of a reflefting and repeating circle, contrived by profeflbr 

 Hafsler of Philadelphia, who is a native of Switzerland, and 

 who has refided feveral months in London, for the purpofe 

 of collefting fuperior aftronomical and furveying inftruments, 

 at the expence of the American -government. The objeft 

 of this ingenious foreigner was to unite the repeating prin- 

 ciple of Borda, with the firm conftruftion of Troughton's 

 reflefting circle, fo that his new inftrument might be free 

 from the objeftions of the repeating circles that preceded 

 it, arifing from (hallow centre-work, and clamping after the 

 contafts were made in an obfervation ; and in the conftruftion 

 he iias adopted, by the aid of Troughton, he has rendered 

 his inftrument free from thefe objeftions, and given it every 

 advantage which its original contriver contemplated : we 

 cannot, however, admit, that in praftice it h fuperior in ac- 

 curacy, and certainly not in fimplicity, to Troughton's re- 

 fed'ing circle, which we have before defcribed, as giving the 

 average of fix readings at two operations, in inverted pofi- 

 tions, at the different fides of zero on the fixed circle. 

 The iinion of Borda's and Troughton's conftruftions is thus 

 effefted by Hafsler ; the circular border of Troughton's in- 

 ftrument is made moveable round the centre, like his three 

 armed verniers, and is graduated like his, while a pair of 

 oppofite verniers move round the fame centre, above the 

 plane of the moveable or flying circle, having a clamping 

 apparatus for flow motion at one of the two oppofite verniers, 

 fo that the pair of verniers may bs made to revolve with or 

 without the graduated flying circle ; another pair of verniers, 

 fimilar to the former, and having alfo a clamping apparatus 

 for flow motion, are made faft to the frame, and have the 

 extreme ends of their connefting diametrical bar united by 

 a graduated femicircle, that lies under the flying circle, and is 

 hid thereby when the graduated face of the circle is uppermoft; 

 the ufe of this femicircle is, to receive a pair of Aiding pieces 

 of brafs that aft as ftops to the indices, when they are pro- 

 perly placed at the rough angle, to the right and left of 

 zero on the flying circle, by a previous operation ; fo that, 

 when the bar of the verniers comes in contaft with either of 

 thefe ftops, it is known, even in the dark, that the place where 

 a contaft is to be made is nearly afcertained, and the ver- 

 nier-bar may be made faft, for the (crew of flow motion to be 

 brought into aftion to complete the contaft. The principle 

 on which the meafurement is efiFeftcd is this ; the revolving 

 verniers move forward from zero of the graduated circle, 

 when the ftops are previoufly fet to the rough angle, till 

 the index or vernier-bar touches the ftop to the left, when 

 the graduated face is uppermoft, and is clamped to the fixed 

 verniers ; the clamping apparatus then fixes the verniers, and 

 the tangent-fcrew completes the contaft ; the two revolving 

 verniers might now give the angle, by two readings, but the 

 repeating principle has not yet been introduced, and confe- 

 quently no advantage is yet derived from this firlt obferva- 

 tion, over a common circle with a double vernier ; the 

 fixed verniers are in the next place undamped, but as they 

 have no motion, the flying circle and revolving verniers are 

 brought back to the ris-ht together, acrofs the point zero, 



till 



