II E,P 



REP 



ire to be repeated ; if only one fide of the double bar is 



dotted, that fide only is to be repeated. This fign '^\ , and 

 fometimes da cnpo al fegno 'S^,t imply a repetition of parti- 

 cular portions of a melody ; as do, likewife, dots in the 

 fpaces of the (lafl. (See Renvoi and Refkrbnce.) 

 Gretry, in his Mcmoires, fays that the repeating of the firlt 

 and fecond pans or ftrdins of a movement is a barbarous 

 cuftom. 



Repulses, iai Law, are dcduftions, drawbacks, or 

 duties, paid yearly out of a manor, or lands. Such are 

 rent-charges, pcnfions, fees of llewards or bailiffs, &c. 

 The manor of Doll yields 40/. per annum, ultra reprlzas, be- 

 fides all reprizes. 



REPROBATION, Repuobatio, in Theology, a decree 

 or refolve, which God hat. taken from all eternity to punifh 

 finners, who fliall die in impenitence. 



Reprobation Itands in direft oppofition to e/cSien. 



Divines hold it a fymptom of reprobation, when a finner 

 is hardened fo as not to feel any farther reraorfe or mii- 

 givings of confcience. 



The cafuiils diftinguifli two kinds of reprobation, po/iti've 

 and negali've. Pofitive is that by which God is fuppoied to 

 create men with a pofitive and abfolute relolution to damn 

 them eternally. This opinion of reprobation is coun- 

 tenanced by St. Auguiline, and others of the fathers ; and 

 is ftrongly maintained by Calvin, and moft. of his followers. 

 Something like it is alfo found in the thirty-nine articles of 

 the church of England ; but it is now generally exploded, 

 as injurious to the jullice of God. Negative or conditional 

 reprobation is that by which God, though be creates all 

 men with a fincere defire to fave them, and furnifhes them 

 with the neceffary means thereto, fo that all may be faved, 

 it they will ; yet fees there are fevcral who will not do it, 

 witii the aids he {hall afford them, how powerful loever ; 

 and fees, at the fame time, they would do it with certain 

 other aids, which he fees, but will not give them. alti- 

 tudol &c. 



By comparing one part of feripture with the other, 

 fays Dr. Doddridge in his " Leftures," (Prop. 142, 

 fchol. I.) there feems to be this remarkable difference be- 

 tween the predeftination to life and that to death (here 

 called reprobation), that, in the former C'lfe, God deter- 

 mines by the influence of his grace to work fuch a change 

 in the hearts of his eleA, as that their falvation fliould on 

 the whole be afcribed to him, and not unto themfelves ; 

 whereas he determines to bring others into fuch circum- 

 ftances, that though their ruin fhould in facl happen, yet 

 they themfelves fhould be the authors of it, and the blame 

 lie as entirely upon themfelves, as if it had not been fo 

 much as foreknown. (See P>.om. ix. 22, 23. Matth. xxv. 

 34, 41.) But the oppofers of this dodlrine allege, that 

 this kind of reafoning is an evalion and not a folution of 

 the difficulty. This learned divine, adverting to the ob- 

 jeftion, that the above-ftated doftrine tends to make the 

 petfons whom it concerns defpcrate, obferves, thai if it 

 be granted, xYntX Jiifficient affiftances are given to all-, none 

 will have reafon to defpair, nor will any have an excufe to 

 plead before God, in confequence of his i'ecret purpofes, 

 which will not be made a rule of liis final judgment. It 

 it be faid, that neverthelefs thofe who are not predeiUnated 

 to life are left under a nccefllty of -perilling, and an im- 

 poffibility of falvation ; it muft be owned, that it is dif- 

 ficult to fay, how the doftrine, as explained by fome, 

 can be freed from this objeftion ; but that this confequence 

 does not necelTarily follow from it, according to his llate- 

 » Vol. XXIX. 



ment. See Election and PiiEDESTiNATroN. See alfo 



SuBLAI'SAIilAN and Sui'UALAPSAlUAN. 



REPRODUCTION, in Phyfiology. In fpeaking of 

 the growth of organic bodies, we mull notice their power 

 of reproduftion ; that wonderful property of rcftoring or 

 renewing parts that have been mutilated or entirely loft. 

 This is one of the moil important provifions of nature, in- 

 almuch as it guards animals and plants againll the multi- 

 plied dangers to which their bodies are expofed. Hence, 

 when viewed in connexion with the fyftem of nutrition alto- 

 gether, it forms one of thofe decifive and grand charaftere, 

 which diftinguii'h at once the machines that proceed from 

 the hand of the Creator, from all, even the moft ingenious 

 and boalted, prodr.Aions of human flcill. The difference is 

 recognifed at the firll glance ; the dillancc is imir.eafurable. 

 The fprings and wheels of mechanical inflruments have no 

 power of repairing tliemfelves, when they are bent, broken, 

 worn, or fpoilcd ; but fuch a faculty is enjoyed in various 

 degrees by every animal and by every plant. 



At different periods of the year, feveral organifed beings 

 lofe, by a fpontaneous and natural procefs, certain parts of 

 their body, w'lich arc fubfequently renewed. Examples of 

 this occur in the fall of the (tag's horns; in the moulting 

 of birds ; in the renewal of the cuticle of ferpcnts, «nd 

 other ampliibia, of the larvK of infefts, and of the (hell of 

 the crultacea ; the fall of the leaves of trees> &c. This 

 may be called ordinary or natural reproduftion. The (lag's 

 horn, or antler, as it fhould be more j-roperly called, is a 

 mafs of true bone, pofTelfing the llrufture and charafters 

 of ofl'eous fubftaiices. In its early ftateyflX.-is foft, and 

 traverfed by large veffels, which mull be rep>{»duced every 

 time the new horn is formed. This annual reproduclion 

 conflitutes, in many points of view, one of the moft re- 

 markable phenomena of animal phyfiology. It affords a 

 moft ftriking proof, I ft, of the power of the nutritive 

 procefs, and of the rapid growth, which is dependant on 

 this in warm-blooded animals. For the horn of a ftag, 

 which may weigh a quarter of a hundred, is completely 

 formed in ten weeks. 2dly. Of a limited duration of life in 

 a part of an animal, entirely independent on the life of the 

 whole animal, which in the ftag extends to about thirty 

 years. 3dly. Of change of calibre in particular veffels. 

 For the branches of the external carotid, which fupply the 

 horn, are furprifingly dilated during its growth ; a'd re- 

 cover their former area, when that procefs has ceafed. 

 4thly. Of a peculiar fympathy, which is manifelled between 

 the growth of the horns, and tlie generative fuiiftions. For 

 caftratioii, or any ellential injury of the organs of genera- 

 tion, impedes the growth, alters the form, or interrupts 

 the renev/al of the horns. See the articles Cervus, and 

 HoRK, in Comparative ./Anatomy. 



The cuticle of the fiiake is feparated every year, and 

 comes off as a complete fheath, excepting the aperture, 

 through which the animal efcapcs : the covering of the 

 cornea is fhed with the reft of the external integument. 



Cruftaceous animals (the crab, lobfter, &c; ) have a 

 ftteleton, which furrounds and contains their foft parts, and 

 which ferves, at the lame time, the purpofes of a fliin. 

 When it has attained its perfeft conhftence, it grows no 

 more ; but, as the foft parts ilill increafe, the fhell feparates, 

 and is detached, being fucceeded by a larger one. The 

 calcareous bodies in the flomachs of thefe animals, per- 

 forming the office of teeth, are fhed v^ith the fhell. See 

 the article Cancer, in the account of the fpecies ruricoldt 

 and gammarus, 



The larvas of infefts caft their cuticular covering feveral 



times before their transformation. An interefting account of 



A U the 



