RESIDENCE. 



differences of a minor nature on all thefe heads, as well as on 

 many others. 



The ideas refpecting the latter of thefe methods of form- 

 ing and laying out residences of this nature, have yet been 

 but little put in practice, nor their union in the mind of any 

 one perfon been fuch as to produce a diftindt ftyle in regard 

 to them, except, perhaps, with the writer of the work before 

 alluded to. They are, however, of confiderable importance, 

 and highly defervingof attention, not only as being founded 

 on the principles of nature, but as according fo well with 

 the nature of rural fcenery. 



In chufmg fituations for refidences of this defcription, it 

 is advifed, that attention fhould be particularly paid to fuch 

 as are moll convenient in what refpects fcite and polition, as 

 they relate to the adjoining country ; that they mould be the 

 moil ftriking which the grounds will afford ; and that they 

 fhould furmfh the beft views from the refidences of the 

 furrounding country which it is capable of fupplying. 



A perfect knowledge of what is deficient, and whether 

 that which is wanted can be fupplied by the propofed fcite, 

 or is wholly wanting, or fome others deficient that can- 

 not readily be afforded, will greatly contribute to the de- 

 cifion of the firft point. And much affiilance, in fome refpects, 

 may often be derived from the neighbouring refidences, efpe- 

 cially as to climate, weather, fprings, rivulets, roads, 

 markets, and many other fimilar particulars ; though they 

 can moftly be afcertained with little trouble in other ways. 



In regard to the next point, it is of very great importance, 

 as the effect depends much upon it. Where the Surfaces are 

 only gently varied, fome of the highefl eminences may be 

 moftly fixed upon for this purpofe. But where they are 

 varied in a high degree, and where a number of hills are 

 within the propofed fpace : if fuch hills dope gently, fome 

 of their fides may commonly be felected for this ufe ; or, 

 when they are very fteep, it may be upon fome gentle rifiug 

 or eminence near their bottom parts. Occasionally, where 

 rivers pals through the grounds, it may be on fome of their 

 banks, where they are rendered interefling either by rocks, 

 bends, or other fimilar means. Where there are lakes, the 

 margins of them may be proper for the purpofe, as produc- 

 ing good effects in fuch cafes ; and the rocky margins of 

 the fea, in fome inftances, may be very fuitable. Many 

 other appropriate fituations for this purpofe might be noticed, 

 but thefe may fhew the nature of ftriking ones, and the 

 means of feledting them. 



The proper accomplishment of this object is very material, 

 as any error in it may be highly injurious in various ways ; 

 while its being properly done faves expence, and at the fame 

 time affords a far Superior effect, as is feen in a variety of 

 inftances. 



In refpect to the laft matter, or that of the views towards 

 the furrounding fcenery being agreeable, it is fuppofed to 

 be the beft accomplished by the proper arrangement or dif- 

 pofition of the apartments of a refidence. Where regula- 

 rity is to prevail this cannot always be fo eafily done, but 

 where the irregular is had recourfe to, which fhould moftly 

 be the cafe in this fort of refidence, there can be little dif- 

 ficulty in effecting it, either by means of projections or 

 receffes. 



Thus, the breakfaftmg room fhould front a morning fcene, 

 and afford a profpect Somewhat inviting to exercife throughout 

 the day ; the drawing room mould have fuch a difpofition 

 as to difplay the effects of the fetting fun, &c. In fhort, 

 to every view, fome object, it is fuppofed, fhould appear 

 Sufficiently ftriking to characterife it ; as a hill, a fpire, or 

 fome other thing of a fimilar nature ; as, unlefs this be the 

 cafe, too trifling an impreflion is left upon the mind. All 



thefe matters, it ii fuppofed, are the belt decided upon the 

 particular fpots where they fhould be marked out and left for 

 the obfervations of others, with the view of their being after- 

 wards finally fettled. They fhould never be determined 

 upon in the clofet of the defigner. 



In forming refidences of this nature, the ftyle of the 

 buildings fhould, in fome meafure, it is thought, be adapted 

 to, or regulated by, the nature of the place, and the general 

 growth of the trees in it ; the forms of the particular trees 

 which may be peculiar to it ; the general character or the 

 furrounding fcenery ; and the colour of the rocks, as well 

 as of the ground. It is found that the more common forts 

 of trees, in their natural growth, whether iingle or in groups, 

 deviate a little in their general form, and the delicacy of 

 their parts, according as their fvtun.tion may be. Thus, 

 where much expofed, they are moilly broad and low, being 

 more hardy, rough, and picturefque, than when covered 

 with young fhoots, which are comparatively foft, frefh, and 

 beautiful. In high rocky fpots and expofures, trees are 

 much broken, or divided into parts, and diftant from each 

 other, but apparently firmly attached to the place ; thefe 

 are hardier than others, with much lefs foftnefs and beauty. 

 In low fertile plains, trees are moftly large and erect, throw- 

 ing out their branches on all fides ; the foliage is full and 

 frefh ; and the whole outline round, full, and flowing. 

 When iingle in this fort of fituaUon, the balance of the 

 branches in the trees is better preferved, than in the contrary 

 cafes. Where vallies are confined between hills, trees grow 

 high and upright, rarely broad, or putting forth many 

 horizontal branches : the growth is quick ; the fhoots and 

 foliage are tender and delicate ; the trunk comparatively 

 flender ; and the whole trees more elegant and capable of 

 graceful motions than in any of the former fituations or 

 afpects. 



It is fuppofed that thefe different circumftances in the 

 growth of trees may eafily fuggeft ityles of building fomewhat 

 analogous in their general magnitude, height, and finifhing. 

 On rocky expofed fpots, where trees grow low and irregu- 

 lar ; low irregular edifices in the caftle ftyle may be raifed. 

 In vallies, where they grow high and elegant, houfes in the 

 tower ftyle, which implies much height, fhould commonly 

 be had recourfe to. In rich extended plains, .buildings of 

 the Grecian order, or fuch as are in a more maffy and regu- 

 lar ftyle than the others, fhould be formed. " This mode 

 is," it is faid, " certainly deferving of attention, were it for 

 no other reafon than that the trees might group well with 

 the buildings ; that when full grown they might neither be 

 too large, nor too fmall j that they might neither diminifh 

 it into infignificance, nor leave it flaring through trees, 

 which, from want of due proportion to it, appear as copfe- 

 wood." Many inftances of thefe different evils are to be met 

 with in different places. 



And it is noticed, that this mode of fixing on the ftyle of 

 refidences of this kind mull be attended to, though trees 

 be not growing on the fituations at the time of forming 

 and railing them. This is to be determined in fuch cafes, 

 by the nature of the climate and the qualities of the foil, as 

 the growth of trees chiefly depends upon them. 



With regard to the forms of trees, moft places are capa- 

 ble of affording common ones, fuch as oaks, elms, beeches, 

 and others of fimilar kinds. But there are many fpots, 

 where refidences of this fort may be formed, that are only 

 capable of raifing certain descriptions to the (late of trees. 

 This frequently occurs in hilly and maritime fituations ; which 

 therefore require the particular attention of the defigner ; 

 as the kinds of trees that fuit them are fo very diflerent from 

 the ordinary fort, that if he were to be attempting to group 

 8 with 



