RES 



RES 



when v = w, and finds it to be — i> r , as above : and in 



r 



the fame manner he determines what is commonly called the 

 fluxions of a", x% log. x, Sec. 



The firft book of the refidual analyfis was publifhed in 

 1764, which contains its application to a variety of alge- 

 braical inquiries, and in determining the tangents, evolutes, 

 ordinates, points of contrary flexure, double and triple 

 points, &c. And in the fecond book it was intended to 

 (hew its application in a variety of mechanical and phyfico- 

 geometrical inquiries ; but, for fome reafon not known, that 

 book was never publifhed. 



Residual Figure, in Geometry, the figure remaining af- 

 ter fubtradtion of a leffer from a greater. 



Residual Root, is a root compofed of two parts or 

 members, only connected together with the lign — . 



Thus, a — b, or 5 — 3, is a refidual root ; and is fo 

 called, becaufe its true value is no more than its reiidue, or 

 difference between the parts a and b, or 5 and 3. 



RESIDUARY Legatee. See Legatee. 



RESIDUE, Residuum, the remainder or reliqua of an 

 account, debt, or obligation. 



RESIDUUM of a Charge, in Electricity, firfl difcovered 

 by Mr. Gralath, in Germany, in 1746, is that part of the 

 charge that lay on the uncoated part of a Leyden phial, 

 which doth not let go all its ele&ricity at once ; fo that it is 

 afterwards gradually diffufed to the coating. 



Residuum of an Intcftatfs EffeBs. See Intestate. 

 See alfo Executor, and Refiduary Legatee. 



RESIGNATION, in Ethics, is a moral virtue, which 

 fuperadds to patience a fubmiffive difpofition, refpec"ting 

 the intelligent caufe of our uneafmefs. It acknowledges 

 both the power and the right of a fuperior to afflict : it is 

 ufually connected with a confidence in his jullice, and in- 

 dulges a hope alfo in fome future exemption, and thus it 

 oppofes a fretful repining temper of mind. 



Resignation, Refignatio, in the Canon Law, the fur- 

 render or giving up of a benefice into the hands of thofe 

 from whom it was received. 



Refignation is of equal import with furrender ; only the 

 former is reftrained to fpiritual benefices, and the latter to 

 temporal offices or employments. 



It is a maxim in the ecclefiaftical law, that all refignations 

 muft be made to fome fuperior (Gibf. 822.) ; therefore a 

 bifhop muft refign, not to the dean and chapter, but to his 

 metropolitan, from whom he received confirmation and con- 

 fecration ; but the archbifhop can refign to none but the 

 king himfelf. 



Refignation muft be made to the next immediate fuperior, 

 and not to the mediate ; as of a church prefentative to the 

 bifhop, and not to the metropolitan. (2 Roll. Abr. 358.) 

 Donatives are not refignable to the ordinary, but to the 

 patron who hath power to admit ; and if there be two 

 patrons of a donative, and the incumbent refign to one of 

 them, it is good for the whole. Regularly, refignation 

 muft be made in perfon, and not by proxy. It is ufually 

 done either by perfonal appearance before the ordinary, or 

 elfewhere before a public notary, by an inftrument directed 

 immediately to the ordinary, and attefted by the faid notary, 

 in order to be prefented to the ordinary by a proper perfon, 

 who may pray his acceptance. No refignation can be valid, 

 till accepted by the proper ordinary ; that is, no perfon ap- 

 pointed to a cure of fouls can quit that cure, or difcharge 

 himfelf of it, but upon good motives, to be approved by 

 the fuperior who committed it to him ; for it may be, that 

 he would quit it for money, or to live idly, or the like. 

 Nor is there any pretence to fay, that the ordinary is 



obliged to accept ; fince the law hath appointed no known 

 remedy if he will not accept, any more than he will not or- 

 dain. 1 Still. 334. 



Lindwood makes a diftinftion in this cafe, between a cure 

 of fouls, and a fine-cure. The refignation of a line-cure, 

 he thinks, is good immediately, without the fuperior's con- 

 fent ; becaufe none but he that religneth hath intereft in 

 that cafe : but where there is a cure of fouls, it is otherwife, 

 becaufe not he only hath intereft, but others alfo unto 

 whom he is bound to preach the word of God ; wherefore, 

 in this cafe, it is neceftary that there be the ratification of 

 the bifhop, or of fuch other perfon as hath power by right 

 or cul'com to admit fuch refignation. (Gibf. 823.) After 

 acceptance of the refignation, lapfe fhall not run but from 

 the time of notice given. The church, indeed, is void im- 

 mediately upon acceptance, and the patron may prefent, if 

 he plcafe ; but as to lapfe, the general rule that is here laid 

 down is the general doctrine of all the books : infomuch 

 that if the bifhop, who accepted the refignation, dies before 

 notice given, the fix months fhall not commence till notice 

 is given by the guardian of the fpiritualities, or by the fuc- 

 ceeding bifhop, with whom the act of refignation is pre- 

 fumed to remain. Gibf. 283. 



Refignations are either ftmple or conditional. 



Resignations, Simple or Pure, are thofe by which the 

 incumbent (trips himfelf of all his right, abfolutely, and 

 without any conditions, or referve of penfion. Thefe are 

 made to the bifhop, or ordinary. 



By the 3 1 Eliz. cap. 6. § 8. if any incumbent of any 

 benefice, with cure of fouls, fhall corruptly refign the fame, 

 or corruptly take for, or in refpeft of refigning the fame 

 direftly or indirectly, any penfion, fum of money, or other 

 benefit whatfoevcr ; as well the giver, as the taker, fhall 

 lole double the value of the fum given or received ; half to 

 the queen, and half to him that fhall fue for the fame. Be- 

 fore the ftatute, the bifhop, in cafes of refignation, might, 

 and did frequently, afiign a penfion, during life, out of the 

 benefice refigned, to the perfon refigning. But by the 

 aforefaid act, no penfions whatfoever can be referved. But 

 a man may bind himfelf by bond to refign, and it is not un- 

 lawful. For bonds of refignation, fee Simony. 



Resignations in Favour, or Conditional Refignations, are 

 fuch as are only made on condition that fuch other perfons 

 fhould be invefted with them ; fo that the refignations are 

 null, unlefs the conditions be punctually executed. Thefe 

 refignations in faiiorem are not of above two hundred and 

 fifty years Handing. Strong oppofition was at firft made 

 to them, they being efteemed a kind of fucceffion or tranf- 

 miffion of benefices, as of patrimonies belonging to a family. 

 Accordingly, thefe refignations are not made into the hands 

 of the ordinary, or collator, as pure refignations are, but 

 to the collator paramount, who in the Romifh church is 

 the pope ; there being a fufpicion of fimony or other un- 

 lawful paction therein, where admitted of in prejudice to 

 the lay patron. 



RESIGNEE, in Law, the party to whom a thing is 

 refigned. 



RESINS, in Chemiflry and the Arts, peculiar inflam- 

 mable compounds, furnifhed by fome vegetables, and in 

 fome cafes by animals. 



Agreeably to what we have obferved under Oils, all 

 bodies coming under the head of the latter, although per- 

 fect liquids in their ordinary ftate, are fufceptible of a folid 

 form, by long expofure to the air, and more fpeedily by 

 expofure to bodies furnifhing oxygen with facility. Thofe 

 oils we term fat oils, fuch as olive, fpermaceti, rape, &c. 

 by treating with nitric acid, become folid like tallow, and 



poflefs 



