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"■aoler conftitutcs another under him, and he permits an 

 cfcape, if he be not fufficient, refpondeal fupertor ; and fu- 

 perior officers mud anfwer for their deputies in civil actions, 

 if they are infufficient to anfwer damages. 



Tor the infufficiency of a bailiff of a franchife refpondeat 

 fuperior, that is, the lord of the franchife is to anfwer. 



RESPONDENT, Respondent, in the fchools, a per- 

 fon who maintains a thefis in any art or fcience. 



He is thus called, as being to anfwer all objections pro- 

 pofed by the opponent, or impugner, &c. 



The refpondent's bulinefs is to fee whether the oppofition 

 made by the contrary party be juft and legitimate ; or whe- 

 ther fome of the laws and conditions of oppofition be not 

 broken ; which is czlle&jgnoratic elenchi. He is alfo to exa- 

 mine the moods and figures of the fyllogifms, to fee -whe- 

 ther the premifes be juft, &c. and through the whole to 

 anfwer rather by diftinguo's, than by direft negation. 



Respondent, formed from the Latin refponderc, to an- 

 fwer, q. A. pro alio fpondere, to promife for another, in Law, 

 a perfon who undertakes to anfwer for another : or binds 

 himfelf as fecurity for the good behaviour of another. 



The refpondent is to anfwer for the damages done by the 

 perfon for whom he refponds. There are four ordonnances 

 of the kings of France, by which the citizens are exprefsly 

 forbid to take fervants without refpondents, bound in writing. 



RESPONDENTIA, in Commerce, a term applied to 

 money which is borrowed, not upon the veffel, as in bot- 

 tomry, but upon the goods and merchandize contained in 

 it, which mull neceflarily be fold or exchanged, in the 

 courfe of a voyage ; in which cafe the borrower, perfonally, 

 is bound to anfwer the contract ; and he is laid to ta' e up 

 money at refpondentia. 



It is enafted, by ftat. 19 Geo. II. cap. 37, that all mo- 

 nies lent on bottomry, or refpondentia, on veffels bound to 

 or from the Eaft Indies, (hall be exprefsly lent only upon 

 the fhip, or upon the merchandize ; that the lender (hall 

 have the benefit of falvage ; and that, if the borrower has 

 not on board effeCls to the value of the fum borrowed, he 

 (hall be refponfible to the lender for fo much of the princi- 

 pal as hath not been laid out, with legal intereft and all 

 other charges, though the fhip and merchandize be totally 

 loft. 



Although refpondentia and bottomry are of themfelves 

 a fpecies of insurance, yet the lender has an infurable 

 intereft in his fecurities, and therefore may protect himfelf 

 from the fea-rifk by infuring them. The lender can mture 

 only the amount of the fum lent, and the borrower has an 

 infurable intereft in the fhip or goods to the amount of the 

 furplus value above the fum lent. If either were to infure 

 more, it would be a gaming infurance, and void by the fta- 

 tute 19 Geo. II. c. 37, for all above the real intereft. But 

 the ufage of trade may take a cafe out of this rule. Upon 

 an infurance on goods, fpecie and effefts in the India trade, 

 the infured may recover for money laid out for the ufe of 

 the fhip, and for which he charged refpondentia intereft, it 

 being the ufage of trade to infure in this form. A policy 

 on bottomry or refpondentia cannot be fubferibed by the 

 borrower of the money, becaufe it is only in confideration of 

 the fea-rifk, from which he is exempt, that he agrees to 

 pay the marine intereft. If he were to become an infurer, 

 this would be no longer a loan upon bottomry, but a cloak 

 for ufury. Refpondentia and bottomry fecurities, though 

 they are the fubjeft of infurance, muft be particularly and 

 fpecifically defcribed in the policy ; for under the general 

 denomination of goods, thefe fecurities cannot be infured. 

 By 19 Geo, II. c. 32. if an under-writer become bankrupt 

 before a lofs happen, the infured may claim ; and after a 



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lofs, prove his debt under the commiffion, and receive 1, 

 dividend, as if the lofs had happened before the bankruptcy. 

 See Bottomry. 



RESPONSA Pridentlm. See Civil and Response. 



RESPONSALIS, in Law, he who appears for another 

 in court at a day afhgned. 



Flcta makes this difference between refponjalu atturnatus, 

 and effbniator, that the effeniator came only to allege the caufe 

 of the party's abfence, be he demandant or tenant ; whereas 

 rejponfal'is came for the tenant not only to excufe his abfence, . 

 but to iignify what trial he means to undergo, the combat, 

 or the country. 



RESPONSARY Song, an anthem in whicii the chorif- 

 ters fing by turns. 



RESPONSE, Respoxsal, Refponfatio, an anfwer, reply, 

 or repartee. 



The word is chiefly ufed in fpeaking of the anfwers made 

 to the prieft, by the people, in the litany, the pfalms, and 

 other parts of the office. 



It has its ufe, too, in fpeaking of the opinions or anfwers 

 of the ancient jurifconfulti, when confulted on points of law. 



The fifty books of the Digeft are compofed of refponfa 

 prudentum, the refponfes of Papinian, Ulpian, Scaevola, &c. 

 collected by Juftinian ; who afterwards gave them the force 

 of laws. See Civil Law. 



The refponfes of the emperors were more properly called 

 rejirip/s ; which fee. 



RESPONSIONS, Rbsponsiones, a term ufed in the 

 Military Orders, for certain penfions or charges, which 

 the knights, or the commandries they" held, paid to the 

 order. 



Such a knight templar paid a refponfion of fifty pounds 

 per annum to his order, on account of fuch a commandry. 



In Rot. Pari. 9 Ric. II. the word is written refponcies. 



RESPONSORIA, refponfes fung in chorus by the 

 choir, in anfwer to the prieft in the cathedral fervice. 



RESSAVA, in Geography, a town of European Tur- 

 key, in Servia ; 46 miles S.E. of Belgrade. 



RESSAULT, in ArchiteHure, the effeft of a body 

 which either projects, or falls back, i. e. ftands either more 

 out or in than another ; fo as to be out of the line, or 

 range, with it. 



The term re/fault is French, and but little ufed in Englifh ; 

 though the want of a word of equal import pleads for its 

 naturalization. 



RESSEL, or Roessel, in Geography, a town of Pruffia, 

 in the province of Ermeland, with a caftle ; jo miles S. of 

 Kbnigfberg. 



RESSELA, a term ufed by Paracelfus to fignify, as 

 himfelf explains it, any thing that expels heat, in oppofition 

 to affa, which with him fignifies any thing that promotes it. 



RESSONS, in Geography, a town of France, in the de- 

 partment of the Oife, and chief place of a canton, in the 

 dillrift of Compi£gne ; 10 miles W.S. W. of Noyons. The 

 place contains 1039, and the canton 9637 inhabitants, on a 

 territory of 170 kiliometres, in 23 communes. 



RESSORT, or Resort, a term purely French, yet fre- 

 quently ufed, by our late writers, to fignify the jurifdiftion 

 or authority of a court. 



The word, in its popular meaning, (ignides Jpring, or the 

 force of elafticity. Hence it is alfo ufed for a junfdiftion, 

 and the extent or dillrift thereof ; as when we fay, fuch a 

 thing belongs to his reffort ; a judge out of his refTort has 

 no authority. But its chief ufe among us is in fpeaking of 

 a court or tribunal, where appeals are judged ; or of a court 

 or perfon who judges finally and ultimately, and whence 

 there is no appeal. 



The 



