R E U 



tribunal of the Inquifition is abolifhed, as derogatory £o the 

 fovereign power, and to civil authority," we did antici- 

 pate a new era, even for Spain, and are mortified, beyond 

 the power of language to deicribe, to find that feveral of 

 the beft and molt virtuous inhabitants of that country are 

 now fuffering under a tribunal which curfed the world for 

 fo many centuries, which, for the boldnefs and wickednefs 

 of the original conception, the immenfe extent of its power, 

 the audacity of its attempts, the greatnefs of its fuccefs, and 

 the length of its domination, finds no parallel in the records 

 of the world. 



We might, as a conclufion to this article, take fome 

 notice of the principal actors arid fufferers in the revolution 

 which we have been contemplating, but we are afraid of 

 tranfgrefling the allowed limits. Belides, in our alphabetical 

 arrangement, we have already noticed feveral of the moft 

 diftinguifhed of thefe perfons ; fee particularly the articles 

 Bailly, Condorcet, Maiiat, Mihabeau, Lewis XVI., 

 Malesherbes, and Neckar, and to fome others, accord- 

 ing to the plan of our work, diftinet articles will hereafter 

 be given. (See Roland-Tuugot, Robespierre, Verg- 

 niaud, &c.) Of Danton, who took a very active part in 

 fome of the bloodied fcencs in Paris, and who fell a 

 victim to the axe which he had (harpened for others, we 

 may obferve, that he was educated to the law, and in the 

 progrefs of the revolution was fucceflively the afiociate of 

 Mirabeau, Marat, and Robefpierre. He organized fome of 

 the chief tumults and mafTacres in the city, particularly 

 that of the loth of Augult. After the fall of royalty, he 

 obtained an appointment of admimltrator of jullice, a flation 

 in which money poured on him from all fides, and which 

 was Ipeedily diltributed by him to procure adherents and 

 reward atrocities. He was deeply involved in the horrid 

 mallacres of September, and, when fubfequently called to 

 account for the diltribution of the money charged for 

 fecret fervice, he declared, that " in a revolution there 

 could be no reckoning in detail." It was Danton who 

 prevented the national aflembly from leaving Paris on the 

 approach of the Pruflians. He was brought to the guil- 

 lotine by Robefpierre, who was his rival, but his inferior 

 in every thing but cunning and hypocrily. For this article, 

 we refer, as authorities, chiefly to the volumes of the New 

 Annual Regilter. 



Revolution of America. See America, and United 

 States. 



Revolution in Poland. See Poland. 



Revolution, in Geometry. The motion of any figure 

 quite round a fixed line, as an axis, is called the revo- 

 lution of that figure ; and the figure fo moving is faid to 

 revolve. 



Thus, a right-angled triangle, revolving round one of 

 its legs, as an axis, generates, by that revolution, a cone; 

 which fee. 



Revolution, in AJlronomy, denotes the period of a ltar, 

 planet, comet, or other phenomenon ; or its courfe from 

 any point of its orbit, till it return to the lame. 



The planets have a twofold revolution. The one about 

 their own axis, ufually called their diurnal rotation, which 

 conftitutcs what we call their day. 



The other about the fun, called their annual revolution 

 or period, conftituting their year. See Motion of the Pla- 

 nets. 



REVOLUTUM Folium, in Botany. See Leaf. 



REUS, in Geography, a town of Spain, in Catalonia, 

 where feveral merchants at Barcelona have agents for the 

 purchafc of wine, brandy, and fruit, with which the country 

 abounds. . 



REUS!?, a river that rifes from a lake in Mount St. 



REV 



Gothard, crolfes the canton of Un, pafles through the lak? 

 of the Four Cantons to Lucerne, and then taking a northerly 

 courfe, runs into the Rhine, two miles N. of Klingnan, in 

 the county of Baden. 



REUSSEN, a princely county of Saxony, divided i:;to 

 feveral branches, which take their names from the towns 

 which they pofiels, all lituatcd in the Vogtland. 



REUSS1N, or Redzen, a town of the duchy of War- 

 faw ; 40 miles S.S.W. of Pofen. 



REUT, a town of Bavaria, in the bifhopric of Bam- 

 berg ; three miles E. of Forcheim. — Alfo, a river of Eu- 

 ropean Turkey, which runs into the Dnieiter, near Uttia, 

 in the province of Moldavia. 



REUTELE, in Ichthyology, a name ufed by fome for 

 the umbla minor, or red charr, a fifli common in the lakes of 

 Germany, and of the northern parts ot England and Wales. 

 The name is originally German. 



REUTLINGEN, in Geography, a town of Wurtem- 

 berg, on a lmall river, which runs into thu Neckar. It has 

 only one parochial church, together with one hofpital, an 

 orphan-houfe, and a grammar-fchool. The magiftratcs and 

 burghers are Lutherans. Near it was dikovered, in 17 16, a 

 fulphurous fpiiug ; $z miles W. of Ulm. N. lat. 48 30*. 

 E. long. 9 8'. 



REUTO, a town of Saxony, in the Vogtland ; 6 miles 

 W.S.W. of Plauen. 



REUTTE, a town of Germany, in the county of Bre- 

 gentz ; 9 miles S.S.E. of Bregentz. 



REUTTEN, or Reita, a town of the Tyrolefe, on the 

 borders of Swabia ; 32 miles N.W. of Infpruck. 



REVULSION, in Medicine, the derivation of the fluids 

 of the body, from a part in which they are morbidly accu- 

 mulated, to another part, whether near or diftant. 



This principle is much acted upon in the practice of me- 

 dicine, although confiderably lefs than by the advocates of 

 the humoral pathology. Thefe practitioners carried the 

 principle fo far as to make their evacuations generally at 

 fome point oppofite and diitant to the part difeafed : thus, 

 to relieve the head, they would bleed from the foot, or from 

 the haemorrhoidal veins about the anus ; and if a pleurify 

 occurred in the left fide, they would open a vein in the right 

 arm ; and fo forth. Thefe were mere hypothetical refine- 

 ments, and have lallen into difufe in this country. Much of 

 the practice of medicine, however, in acute and in fome local 

 chronic difeafes, hinges upon the principle of revulfion. 

 Thus, for the removal of inflammatory congeftion in any 

 internal organ, as in the lungs or brain, a counter-inflam- 

 mation is excited externally in the (kin of a contiguous part, 

 by applying a bliller, or a ilimulating liniment, to the Sur- 

 face of the cheft, to the neck, or on the fcalp : and thtis 

 by bringing an afflux of the fluids to thefe external parts, 

 which are ot lefs importance to life, the ccngeftion iu the 

 veflcls of the more important and vital organs is dimiuifhed, 

 and the inflammation cured. In a fimilar manner, the de- 

 rivation of the fluids to the inteltines by cathartic medicines, 

 to the kidnies by diuretics, and to the fkin by fudonfici, 

 tends to dimiuifh the congeition of the circulating fyttem at 

 large, and confequently of particular organs. Blood-letting, 

 whether by directly opening the veins and (mall arteries, 

 or by the application of leeches, or of cupping-glaffcs 

 after lcarification, likewife operates upoii the principle of 

 revulfion. 



Cpnlidenble errors, however, have been committed, efpe. 

 cially by the humoral pathologiiU, by carrying this doctrine 

 too far. For in their attempts to proojre evacuations ot 

 the fluids, elpccially from the fkin, they have employed 

 heat, and ammoniacal, fpirituous, and other ftimulant me- 

 dicines, which, by the excitement aud irritation which the) 

 R z occafiooed 



