R E W 



II E W 



occafioned in the nervous and vafcular fyltem. prsduC-eu 

 m\ich more inflammatory adtion, tnan the revulfion, refult- 

 ing from the evacuation, could poffibly fubdue. See Hu- 

 moral Pathology. 



Revulsion is alfo ufed for a fpontaneous turn or reflux 

 of humours in the body. Sudden difeafes are occafioned 

 by great revullions of humours, which fall all at once on 

 cert an' parts. 



REWAH, in Geography, a town of Hindooftan, in the 

 country of Allahabad ; 57 'rrl s S.S.W. of Allahabad. N. 

 lat.'24°35 r . E. Ion?. 8i J 36'. 



REWARDS. Military rewards, among the Athenians, 

 coulift d fometjmes in crowns prefented to thofe that had 

 nvnt d them : on which their names and noble actions were 

 inferibed. Some had leave granted them to eredt pillars or 

 ft.it les Til honour of fome god, with inferiptions fettmg 

 forth their victories. This was a favour that was feldom 

 granted ; Cimon indeed was honoured with it, but Themif- 

 tocles could never obtain the like. Another honour con- 

 f rred at Athens on the valiant, was to have their arms 

 placed in the citadel, and to be called Cecropidn, or citizens 

 of tlie true old blood. Others were prefented with a tsanvXuc, 

 or complete fuit of armour. Songs of triumph were ho- 

 norary compliments paid to fome. The children of thofe 

 who were killed in battle were maintained at the public ex- 

 pence, till they came to maturity ; at which time they were 

 prefented before the allembly of the Athenian people with 

 a complete fuit of armour, one of the public minilters 

 proclaiming before them, " that hitherto, in remembrance 

 of their fathers' merits, the commonwealth had educated 

 thefe voung men, but now difmiiied them fo armed, to go 

 forth and thank their country by imitating their fathers' 

 examples." 



Solon made a farther provifion for the parents of thofe 

 that died in the wars, it being extremely reafonable that they 

 fhould be maintained at the public expence, who had loit 

 their children, the comfort and fupport of their declining 

 age, in the fervice of the public. 



As for thofe who were any wife difabled, they had an al- 

 lowance from the public towards their maintenance. Potter, 

 ▼ol. ii. 



Triumphal honours were reckoned among the military 

 rewards which the ancients voted to their beft generals. Fa- 

 bius Maximus, Paul Emilius, Camillus, and the Scipios, 

 were fatisfied with this recompence for their fervices. With 

 refpeft to old infirm foldiers, who were invalided, they were 

 provided for by receiving, each, a lot of ground, which they 

 cultivated and improved. Lands, thus appropriated, formed 

 part of the republican or national domains, or were divided 

 amongft them in the conquered countries. 



The Roman officer was rewarded for his fervices, or for 

 particular adts of bravery, in three ways : lit. By marks of 

 honour or diitindtion, which confuted of two furts, -viz. 

 of that which was merely ornamental to their own perfons, 

 or limited to the inveititure for life ; and of that which may 

 be called remenwrative, fuch as Itatues, &c. The latter 

 defcended to their pofterity, and gave their families a cer- 

 tain rank in the republic. 2dly. By penfions or allowances. 

 And ^dly. By a grant of lands which exceeded the lots given 

 to private foldiers. 



The French, who got pofleiTion of the country which was 

 formerly occupied by the Gauls, had, at firft, no other 

 method of recompenfing their generals than by giving them 

 a certain proportion of land. This grant did not exceed 

 their natural lives, and fometimes it was limited to the time 

 they r niai :d in the fervice. 



Thefe ufages infenfibly changed, and by degrees it be- 

 came cultomary for the children of fuch men as had received 



grants of national territory, to Continue to enjoy them ; 

 upon condition, how;:;;, tnat t i le a &ual pofl'eflbrs of fuch 

 lands fhould be liable to military fervice. Hence the origin 

 of fiefs in France, and the confequent appellation of milicc 

 ties Jiejfes, or militia, compofed of men who held their 

 lands on condition of bearing arms when called upon. 

 The French armies were for many years conftituted in 

 this manner ; and the cuftora of rendering military fer- 

 vice in consideration of land tenure, only ceafed under 

 Charles VII. 



In procefs of time, thofe lands which had been originally 

 beftowed upon men of military merit, defcended to their 

 children, and were gradually loit in the aggregate lots of 

 inheritable property. Other means were consequently to be 

 reforted to by the itate, in order to fatisfy the juft claims of 

 deierving officers and foldiers. The French, therefore, re- 

 turned to the ancient cullom of the Romans, and rewarded 

 thofe, who diltinguilhed themfelves in war, by honorary 

 marks of diitindtion. 



Honorary rewards and compenfations for fervice were not 

 confined to individual officers and foldiers. Whole corps 

 were frequently diltinguilhed in the fame manner. When 

 feveral corps adted together, and one amongit them gave 

 iignal proofs of gallantry and good conduct, that one fre- 

 quently took precedence of the others in rank, or was fe- 

 lected by the fovereign to be his perfonal guard. Some- 

 times, indeed, the king placed himfelf at the head of fuch 

 a corps on the day of battle, thereby teftifying his appro- 

 bation of their condudt, and giving a proof of his con- 

 fidence in their bravery. 



* It is now ufual, in molt countries, to confer marks of 

 diitindtion on thofe corps that have formed part of any 

 army that has fignalized itfelf. Thus the kettle-drums, 

 under the appellation of naca'ires, were given to fome regi- 

 ments, as proofs of their having behaved gallantly on trying 

 occafions. 



The military order of St. Louis, which was created by 

 Louis XIV. in 1693, and that of Maria Therefa, as well 

 as many other orders in different countries, were only infti- 

 tuted for the purpofe of rewarding military merit. The 

 eltablilhment of hofpitals for invalids, fuch as Chelfea, &c. 

 owes its origin and continuance to the fame juft fenfe of 

 what is due to deferving officers and foldiers. Hence, like- 

 wife, our invalid companies and retired lilts. 



Philip Auguitus, king of France, firft formed the defign 

 of building a college for foldiers who had been rendered in- 

 firm, or were grown old in the fervice. Louis, furnamed 

 the Great, not only adopted the idea, but completed the 

 plan in a grand and magnificent ilyle. Charles II. on his 

 reltoration to the crown of Great Britain, eltablilhed Chel- 

 fea, and James II. added confiderable improvements to this 

 royal inltitution. During the prefent reign, military merit 

 has been rewarded by titles and penfions ; but, what is ft ill 

 more creditable to the government, and refledts honour 

 upon his royal highnefs the duke of York (for his co-opera- 

 tion with thofe who originally fuggelted the idea) old and 

 meritorious foldiers are taught to expedt a fecure retreat in 

 the decline of life ; and every rank is provided for accord- 

 ing to the chims and fervices of individuals. 



Rewards, in a legal fenfe. There are rewards given in 

 many cales, by ftatute, for the apprehending of criminals, 

 and bringing them to juftice ; as a reward of 40/. to thofe 

 who apprehend robbers on the highway, and profecute them 

 to conviction, by 4 & 5 W. & M. c. 8, to be paid to them 

 (or, if killed in the endeavour to take them, their executors) 

 by the fheriff of the county ; to which the itatute 8 Geo. II. 

 c. 16. fuperadds 10/. to be paid by the hundred indemnified 

 by fuch taking. Alfo the like reward of 40/. for appre- 

 hending 



