KEY 



Battle-bridge, tradition affirms that a great (laughter of the 

 Danes took place. Aubrey dates that a callle exilled here, 

 but no traces of fuch a building cm now be difcovered. See 

 Gatton. 



Merllham, to the eaft of Gatton, is noted for its ftone 

 quarries, which were anciently held in fuch high repute that 

 the crown deemed it expedient to keep them in its own pof- 

 feflion. A great part of Windfor caftle, and the magni- 

 ficent chapel of Henry VII. at Weftminlter, were con- 

 structed with ftone from thefe quarries. The quality which 

 renders it peculiarly valuable, is its effectual refiltance againft 

 lire, whence it is denominated fire-ftone. It is very foft 

 when firlt raifed from the quarry, but becomes indurated by 

 expofure to the atmofphere. A rail-road has been formed 

 here to facilitate the conveyance of ftone and lime from the 

 quarries to the metropolis. Merftham-place is a fpacious 

 manfion belonging to Hylton Jolliffe, efq. In the parifh 

 of Newdigate, about fix miles fouth-wefl from Reygate, 

 is Ewood, a manfion lately erected by the prefent duke of Nor- 

 folk. The houfe (lands on the brow of an eminence, and is 

 furrounded by a park containing about 600 acres of ground, 

 and ornamented with a fine lake, covering fixty acres. At 

 Nutfield, as well as at Reygate, are fome fuller's-earth pits, 

 which yield excellent earth. Hiftory and Antiquities of the 

 County of Surrey, by the Rev. Owen Manning; edited, 

 with additions, by W. Bray, efq. F.S.A. ; vol. i. folio. 

 Beauties of England and Wale6, 8vo. vol. xiv. by I. 

 Shorbel. 



REYHER, Samuel, in Biography, an eminent German 

 mathematician, was born at Schleufmgen, in Saxony, in the 

 year 1635. He received the early part of his education 

 under his father, and then purfued his mathematical itudies 

 at the univerfity of Leipfic. He next went to Leyden, and 

 fludied the algebra of Vieta under the celebrated James 

 Golius, with whom he contracted an intimate friendfhip. 

 On his return to Leipfic, he obtained fo high a reputation 

 in teaching the mathematics, that he was nominated pre- 

 ceptor to the young prince of Gotha, the eldeft fon of the 

 duke of Saxe-Gotha. In 1665 he accepted an invitation to 

 fill the mathematical chair at the univerfity of Kiel, and 

 having firlt paid a vifit to Leyden, he was there admitted to 

 the degree of doctor in civil law. In a few years afterwards 

 he was appointed profefTor extraordinary of civil law, in 

 1 683 profeffor in ordinary of the Inltitutes, and in 1692 

 profefTor of the code of Juflinian. Hediedin 1714, in the 

 80th year of his age. He tranflated the works of Euclid 

 into the German language, illultrating the geometrical with 

 algebraical demonltrations, wherever they would admit of it ; 

 and he puhlifhed, among many other works, a learned work 

 entitled " Mathefis Biblica ;" and a very curious " Difler- 

 tation concerning the Infcription on the Crofs of Jnfus 

 Chnft, and the Hour of his Crucifixion." Moreri. 



REYN, Jan de, or Rheni, called alfo Lang Jan, was 

 an artift of very confiderable merit, a difciple, and fkiltul 

 imitator, of Vandyke ; to whom he was fo much attached 

 that he followed him to London, and remained fome time 

 with him. He was born at Dunkirk in 1610; and he fo 

 effectually benefited by the inilrudtions of Vandyke, that 

 his pictures are frequently fold for thofe of that mailer. 

 But as he, in general, painted hiftory more than portrait, he 

 has a freer line in compofition, though not fo correct a one 

 as his matter. His works are fcarce, though he lived to 

 the age of 68, but their apparent fcarcity is poffibly owing 

 to fo many of them being imputed to Vandyke. Among 

 the works which are indifputably his, are mentioned the 

 Baptifm of Totila, which is in a church at Dunkirk ; and 

 a grand altar-piece in the parifh church of St. Martin, at 



R E \ 



Bergues, reprefenting Herodias bringing the head of St. 

 John to Herod. He died in 1678. 



REYNA, Cassiodorus 1>e, celebrated for being the 

 firlt tranflator of the whole bible into the Spanifh language, 

 and on this account he is noticed, though we have no parti- 

 culars concerning his life. To his tranllation he introduced 

 notes explanatory and critical. The place where this vertion 

 was printed is not mentioned in the title-page, though, from 

 fome typographical marks, it may be appertained pretty cor- 

 rectly that it was at Bafil ; and as the author was probably a 

 Proteftant, he thought proper to conceal his name, that it 

 might not prevent his work from being received among the 

 Spanifh Catholics, and it has only his initials R. C. to a Latin 

 preface, recommending it to the kings, princes, and nobles 

 of Europe, and particularly of the Roman empire. The 

 date is 1569, and it is entitled "La Biblia, Que Es, Los 

 Sacros Libros Del Vieio y Nuevo Teltamento. Tranfla- 

 dada en Efpagnol." The firlt edition of this verfion is 

 now very fcarce. Moreri. 



REYNEAU, Charles Ren*;, an eminent French ma- 

 thematician, was born at Briflac, in the province of Anjou, 

 in the year 1656. At the age of twenty, he took up his re- 

 fidence in the houfe belonging to the congregation of the 

 Oratory at Paris, without any intention of entering into the 

 community. His object was to enjoy the advantages in 

 ftudy which that celebrated order afforded for improvement 

 in literature. In a fhort time, however, a change took 

 place in his mind, and he became a member of the houfe. 

 He became flrongly attached to the fcience of geometry, 

 and in 1683 he was appointed to a mathematical profefTor- 

 fhip at Angers : this poll he retained 2 2 years with extra- 

 ordinary reputation. In this fituation he undertook to re- 

 duce into one body, for the ufe of his fcholars, the prin- 

 cipal theories fcattered through the writings of Defcartes, 

 Leibnitz, Bernouilli, the Leipfic Acts, the Memoirs of the 

 Paris Academy of Sciences, and other works. The fruit 

 of this undertaking, entitled " The Analyfis demonftrated, 

 &c." he pubhfhed at Paris in the year 1708, in two vols. 

 4to. He afiumed this title for his work becaufe it contained 

 demonftrationsof feveral methods of analyfis which had not 

 been demonflrated by the authors of them, or, at lead, not 

 with fufficient perfpicuity and exactnefj. By fupplying 

 what was left undone by other perfons, he rendered fo fignal 

 a fervice to mathematical itudents, that it became a maxim, 

 at lealt in France, that to follow father Reyneau was the 

 befl way to make much progrefs in mathematics. Hence 

 he was elteemed the Euclid of the fublime geometry. His 

 great work was reprinted in 1738. In the year 1714 he 

 drew up an elementary work on the fubject, under the title 

 of "The Science of Calculation, &c." which was mofl 

 favourably received. This came out in one volume, and he 

 had prepared materials for a fecond, which did not make its 

 appearance till after the author's death. In 1716 the Royal 

 Academy of Sciences at Paris admitted fome new members, 

 under the defignation of " free afTociates :" father Reyneau 

 was of that number, and he frequently affifted at their meet- 

 ings. He died in 1723, at the age of 72. regretted as well 

 for his many virtues, as for profound and extcnlive learning. 

 The firlt men in France for talents deemed it an honour to 

 count Reyneau among their friends. In this number was 

 father Malcbranche, of whom Reyneau was a zealous dif- 

 ciple. He left behind him a treatife 011 " Logic, or the 

 Art of Reafoning," which was publifhed in 1745. Moreri. 

 REYNEL, in Geography, a town of France, in the de- 

 partment of the Upper Marne; 12 miles W. of Bourmont. 

 REYNESBURCH, a town of Holland ; three mile» 

 N.W. of Leyden. 



REYNOLDS, 



