KHAMNUS. 



tivus pumilus ; Ger. Em. 1337. Spina infecloria pumila 

 fecunda; Cluf. Hift. v. I. 112.)— Stem fpreading. Flowers 

 four-cleft, dioecious. Leaves obovate, acute, ferrated, de- 

 ciduous. — Native of Auitria, Switzerland, Italy, and 

 Greece. The rigid branched ferns are more fpreading or 

 diffufe than thofe of R. crenulatus ; the leaves deciduous, 

 much lefs evidently reticulated. The flowers are pale yel- 

 low. Stigma in two deep acute divlfions. Berries black. 



9. R. theezans. Tea Buckthorn. Linn. Mant. 207. 

 Willd. n. 8. (R. Thea; Ofbeck's Travels, v. 1. 375.) — 

 Leaves ovate, .finely ferrated ; paler beneath. Flowers in 

 terminal fpikes, five-cleft. — Native- of China. — Afljrub fix 

 feet high, with long, roundilh, downy, fpreading brunches ; 

 the lateral ones bearing hairy terminal fpikes of flowers, and 

 fubfequently becoming fpinous. Leaves an inch long, fome- 



what heart-ihaped, befet with fine (harp ferratures ; mining flamens, which is an important character of Rhamnus. 



capfule, 



and reticulated above; paler, opaque, and more even be 

 neath. The poor people in China are faid to ufe the leaves 

 as a fubftitute for tea. 



Sect. 2. Without thorns, or prickles. 



10. R. Sarcomphalus. Timber Buckthorn. Linn. Sp. 

 PL 280. Willd. n. 9. (Sarcomphalus; Browne Jam. 179.) 

 — Leaves oval, coriaceous, emarginate, entire. Flowers in 

 denfe, corymbofe, filky tufts. — Native of Jamaica. Browne 

 fays it is one of the beft timber-woods in the ifland, and 

 rifes generally to a very confiderable height. The trunk is 

 often above two feet and a half in diameter, covered with a 

 thick fcaly bark. Wood hard, dark-coloured, clofe-grained. 

 Leaves about three inches long, and two broad, fmooth, 

 with a ftrong mid-rib, and many interbranching veins. 

 Browne's generic name applies to the thick, flefhy, umbili- 

 cated neBary, or receptacle of the flower. He defcribes no 

 petals. The Jiyle is cloven, with two acute fligmas. Berry 

 of two cells. 



11. R.flrreus. Iron-wood Buckthorn. Vahl. Symb. 

 v. 3. 41. t. 58. Willd. n. 10. Mart. n. 10. — "Leaves 

 oblong-ovate, emarginate, membranous, fmooth, entire. 

 Flowers in axillary umbels." — Native of the ifland of Santa 

 Cruz ; Von Rehr and Wefl. Branches round, fmooth, a(h- 

 coloured. Leaves an inch or more in length, very finely 

 ribbed and veined. Umbels on ihort (talks. Vahl. 



12. R. Itvigatus. Poliffted Buckthorn. Vahl. ibid. 

 Willd. n. 11. Mart. n. 11. — " Leaves oblong, entire, co- 

 riaceous, fmooth. Flowers axillary, about two together." 

 — Found in the fame ifland. Wefl- Branches round, 

 fmooth, afh-coloured. Leaves an inch and half long, paler 

 and yellowifh at the edges, efpecially the younger ones ; 

 fcarcely veiny on the upper fide ; not at all fo underneath. 

 Flowers two or three together, on very (hort, fimple, fmooth 

 ftalks. Calyx fmooth. Stigmas two. Vahl. 



13. R. tetragonus. Square-branched Cape Buckthorn. 

 Linn. Suppl. 153. Willd. n. 12. Thunb. Prodr. 44. — 

 " Leaves ovate, entire, fmooth, feflile. Branches fquare." 

 — Gathered by Thunberg, at the Cape of Good Hope. 

 We have feen no fpecimen, nor is there any figure of this 

 fpecies. 



14. R. polifolius. Poley-leaved Buckthorn. Vahl. Symb. 

 v. 3. 41. Willd. n. 13. — Leaves lanceolate, entire ; bow- 

 white and downy beneath. Flowers axillary, nearly feflile, 

 moftly folitary. — Suppofedto be a native of New Zeeland. 

 Branches (lender, hoary ; downy when young. Leaves 

 hardly an inch long, pointed ; fmooth and fomewhat 

 wrinkled above. Footfalls very fhort, downy. 



15. R. valentinus. Valentia Buckthorn. Willd. n. 14. 

 (R. pumilus; Cavan. Ic. v. 2. 65. t. 181.) — Leaves 

 roundilh-elliptical, minutely crenate, nearly feflile. Flowers 

 four-cleft. Style deeply tnree-cleft. Berry dry.— Gathered 



by Cavanilles, on the mountains of Meca and Palomera, in 

 the kingdom of Valentia, flowering in May. If he be correct 

 as to the nature of the fruit, this is a very dillincl fpecies ; 

 otherwife its habit is very like pumilus hereafter defcribed. 

 The ferns are fhort and deprefled. Leaves on very Ihort 

 (talks, and obfeurely crenate. Flowers hermaphrodite, 

 four-cleft. StyL' divided to the bafe into three parts. Cap- 

 file, or dry berry, of three cells. 



16. R. cubenfs. Cuba Buckthorn. Linn. Sp. PI. 281. 

 Willd. 11. 15. Jacq. Hort. Vind. v. 3. 28. t. 49. — " Leaves 

 rugofe, entire, downy. Flowers hermaphrodite. Capfule 

 of three cells." — Native of bufhy plates near the fea, in 

 the ifland of Cuba. We have not examined any fpecimen, 

 but by Jacquin's account, this appears rather to have the 

 fruit of a Ceanothus. The petals indeed are oppohte to the 



The 

 with 



fruit however is not a dry berry, but a true 

 elaftic valves. 



17. R. colubrinus. Bahama Red-wood Buckthorn. Linn. 

 Sp. PI. 280. Willd. n. 16. Ait. n. 7. Jacq. Hort. Vind. 

 v. 3. 28. t. 50. (Arbor baccifera indica, foliis majoribus 

 fplendentibus, (lore pentapetalo ; Comm. Hort. v. 1. 175. 

 t. 90.) — Leaves ovate, entire, with rufty footftalks. 

 Flowers monogynous, erecL Caplules three-lobed. — Native 

 of the Bahama iflands ; introduced into our (loves by 

 Catefby, in 1726. This has alfo the fruit of Ceanothus, to 

 which genus Miller refers it. 



18. R. dauricus. Daurian Buckthorn. Pall. Rofs. v. 1. 

 p. 2. 25. t. 61, catharticus. Willd. n. 17. (Cornus foliis citri 

 anguftioribus ; Amman. Ruth. 200. t. 33.) — Leaves ovate, 

 ferrated, veiny ; tapering at the bafe. Flowers four-cleft, 

 dioecious. — Found by Gmelin and Pallas on the banks of 

 the river Argunus in Dauria. The wood is red, and called 

 Sandal-wood by the Ruffians. The afpecvt of the fhrub is 

 much like R. catharticus, but there are no thorns. Pallas's 

 names, pages, and references are wonderfully confufed in 

 this, and too many other, parts of his pompous book. 



19. R. alpinus. Alpine Buckthorn. Linn. Sp. PI. 280. 

 Willd. n. 18. Ait. n. 8. (R.n. 823; Hall. Hift. v. 1. 366. 

 t. 40. Frangula ora folii ferrata ; Hall. Enum. 164. 

 Alnus nigra baccifera, rugofiore folio, feu major ; Bauh. 

 Hid. v. 1.562. Creutzbeer ; Lonic. Kreuterb. 59?) — 

 Stem erect. Leaves elliptic-oblong, witli glandular crena- 

 tures ; fomewhat heart-ihaped at the bafe ; veins hairy at 

 the back. Flowers dioecious. Stigma four-cleft. — Native 

 of the alps of Switzerland, Dauphiny, Auilria, Carniola, 

 &c. Gathered probably by Dr. Sibthorp on mount Par- 

 naffus ; feen. 21. A fhrub, eight or ten feet high, ereft, 

 with a fmooth grey bark. Leaves two inches or more in 

 length, broadly elliptical, occafionally obtufe or acute ; 

 more or lefs heart-(haped at the bafe : finely and regularly 

 crenate throughout, with rounded glandular teeth ; fmooth, 

 except that the numerous (Iraight parallel veins are hairy 

 beneath, elpecially at their origin. Flowers copious, axil- 

 lary, ltalked, four-cleft, dioecious. Stigma in four narrow 

 deep fegments. Berry black, of three cells, with mollly a 

 feed in each. The female flowers have the rudiment of a 

 ftyle, according to Wulfen in Jacq. Coll. v. 3. 16, but the 

 (hrub is nevcrthelefs perfectly dioecious. 



20. R. pumilus. Dwarf Rock Buckthorn. Linn. Mant. 

 49. Willd. n. 19. Ait. n. 9. Jacq. Coll. v. 2. 141. t. 1 1. 

 (R. rupeilris ; Scop. Carn. v. 1. 164. t. 5, bad. Villars 

 Dauph. v. 2. 538.) — Stem proilrate. Leaves fomewhat 

 obovate, crenate, fmooth on both fides. Stigma three -cleft. 

 — Native of mount Baldus, and the alps of Dauphiny and 

 Carniola. We have gathered it on mount Cenis. This is 

 a i'mall deprefled flirub, creeping clofe to the rocks. The 



leaves 



