KHAMNUS. 



haves are fmallcr than the laft, with broader Jcfs numerous 

 crenatures, and we find them alfo tapering conllantly at the 

 bafe, not inclined to be hcart-fhaped, as Scopoli and Wulfen 

 (in Jacquin), both reprefent them. The latter erroneoufly 

 defcribes and delineates a limple capitate Jligma ; in our fpe- 

 cimens, and thofe of Villars, that part is deeply three-cleft. 

 We fee no reafon to believe the pumllus of this lad author 

 diftinft from his rupejlris. The flowers of our pumilus are 

 defcribed, by molt writers, as having all perfc&flamens and 

 pi/lils, but Villars fays they appeared to him dioecious. 



2 1. R. pubefcens. Downy Mountain Buckthorn. Sm. 

 Prodr. Fl. Grrec. Sibth. n. 552. Fl. Grxc. t. 239, un- 

 published. — Leaves obovate-rhomboid, villous, nearly entire. 

 Flowers dioecious. Style deeply divided. — Gathered by 

 Dr. Sibthorp on mount Parnaffus. This is a knotty, zigzag, 

 lpreading, not very upright, Jhrub, vyeing in magnitude 

 with R. alpinus, for which poifibly Dr. Sibthorp might at 

 one time have taken it, when he made a memorandum of 

 alpinus being found on Parnaffus ; as we obferve no fpecimen 

 in his collection to confirm fuch memorandum. It is, never- 

 thelefs, extremely probable that both fpecies may grow 

 there. The prefent is very diftinft from alpinus in having 

 downy, and nearly entire leaves. The flower Jlalks and calyx 

 are alio downy. Petals roundifh, concave, found in the 

 male flowers only. Female flowers on a feparate plant. Style 

 divided nearly to the bale, with only two fligmas. This 

 fpecies is more akin to the following than to any of the 

 foregoing. 



22. R. Frangula. Alder Buckthorn, or Berry-bearing 

 Alder. Linn. Sp. PI. 280. Willd. n. 20. Fl. Brit. n. 2. 

 Engl. Bot. t. 250. Fl. Dan. t. 27S. (Frangula ; Camer. 

 Epit. 978. Matth. Valgr. v. 2. 609. Alnus nigra, five 

 Frangula; Ger. Em. 1470.) — Leaves obovate, entire, 

 fmooth. Style fimple, very fhort. Stigma cloven. — Native 

 of bufhy places in the north of Europe more efpecially, 

 though Dr. Sibthorp obferved it about Conltantinoplc. It 

 liowers, like molt of the fpecies of Rhamnus, in the fpring. 

 The Jlem is fhrubby, about four feet high. Leaves two or 

 three inches long and about one broad, fomewhat pointed. 

 Flowers whitifh, with very minute petals and Jlamens, in the 

 fame individuals with the pi/lils. Style very fhort, with two 

 fmall fegments to the Jligma. Berry black, roundifh, with 

 feldom more than two fcedt, though we have feen three, in 

 which cale, we pre fume, there mull have been a three-cleft 



Jligma. Thefe berries are fometimes mixed, by herb gatherers, 

 with thofe of the true Buckthorn, n. 1, or fubllituted for 

 thofe berries ; but the fmaller number of feeds betrays the 

 deception. Their qualities perhaps differ very little. 



23. R. latifolius. Broad-leaved Azorian Buckthorn. 

 L'Herit. Sert. Angl. 5. t. 8. Willd. n. 21. Ait. n. 1 1.— 

 Leaves elliptical, pointed, entire. Calyx hairy. Style fimple. 

 — Gathered by Mr. Maflbn in the Azores. He fent it to 

 Kew in 177S, and it blofl'oms there in July, being kept in 

 winter under cover. This is a tall upr\g]\lfljrub, with round, 

 Itraight, fmooth branches. Leaves four or five inches long, 

 and two broad; fmooth above ; paler with hairy ribs, be- 

 neath. Fijwers hairy, axillary, many together, on hairy 

 rulty flails. Petals broad at the bafe. Stigma flightly three- 

 cleft. 



24. R. g/andulufus. Madeira Buckthorn. Ait. n. 12. 

 Willd. n. 22. Venten. Malmaif. t. 34. — Leaves ovate, 

 bluntly ferrated, fmooth ; glandular at the bafe. Stem 

 erect:. Flowers raccmofe. Style in three deep fegments. — 

 Native of Madeira, and the Canary iflands. Introduced at 

 Kew, by Mr. Maffon, in 1785. This has the habit of an 

 Ilex or Piilfyrta. The leaves are dark green, fmooth, two 

 inches long, more or lefs, ovate, pointed, rather diltantly 



ferrated, marked on the upper fide, near the bafe, with two 

 or three glandular fpot:. Flowers yellowifh, numerous, on 

 fmooth, racemofe axillary fla/is. Stamens twice as long as 

 the petals. Style deeply three-cleft. Stigmas fimple. We 

 know nothing of ihefruii. 



25. R. ellipticus. Oval-leaved Jamaica Buckthorn. Ait. 

 n. 13. Willd. n. 23. Swartz Ind. Occ. v. 1. 497. (R. n . 1 ; 

 Browne Jam. 172. t. 29. f. 2. Ceanothus reclinatus ; 

 L'Herit. Sert. Angl. 6.) — Leaves elliptical, acute, entire ; 

 rather villous beneath. Flowers axillary, fomewhat umbel- 

 late. Style in three deep fegments. Berry dry Native of 



bufhy places on the mountains of Jamaica. Miller cultivated 

 it in the ftove at Chelfea in 1758. Alton. Stem forming a 

 fmall tree, with fpreading or dependent branches. Leaves 

 two or three inches long, thin, downy on the veins beneath. 

 Flowers greenifh-white. The fruit feems, by Swartz's de- 

 fcription, a dry berry, like that of fom- other fpecies of 

 Rhamnus, and not the valvular capfule of a Ceanothus, 

 though, when quite ripe and dried, it fplits into fix parts, 

 as we find it in Browne's fpecimen. The petals however are 

 oppofite to the Jlamens. 



26. R. prinoides. Wmter-berry-leaved Buckthorn. 

 L'Herit. Sert. Angl. 6. t. 9. Willd. n. 24. Ait. n. 14. 

 ( R. celtifolius ; Thunb. Prodr. 44. Celtis foliis fubrotundis 

 dentatis, flore viridi, fruftu luteo ; Burm. Afr. 242. t. 88.) 

 — Leaves ovate, ferrated, fmooth. Stem erecL Flower- 

 ftalks fimple. Style flightly three-cleft. Flowers poly- 

 gamous. — Native of woods at the Cape of Good Hope, 

 where it blofl'oms in September ; as is the cafe in England, 

 where this fhrub was firft cultivated by Robert Edward, 

 lord Petre. Its habit is that of a Prinos, or Phillyrea. The 

 leaves are from one to two inches long, pointed ; fhininn- 

 above ; paler beneath ; fmooth, except occafional hairinels 

 at the origin of each vein. Flowers on fimple, flender, ax- 

 illary Jlalks, feveral together. Petals narrow. This fpe- 

 cies, except in its inflorefcence, and the want of glands on 

 the leaves, bears a conliderable refemblance to the glandu- 

 lofus. 



27. R. myjlacinus. Wiry Buckthorn. Ait. n. 15. Willd. 

 n. 25. — Leaves heart-fhaped, entire. Stem climbing with 

 tendrils. Flowers in axillary umbels. Stigma three-cleft. 

 — Said to be a native of Abyffinia ; at lead it was brought 

 to Kew, in 1775, by the celebrated traveller Mr. Bruce. 

 It is kept in the ftove, and blooms in November. The//,;/: 

 is weak, climbing to a conliderable extent, by means of fimple 

 folitary axillary tendrils from the upper part of the branches. 

 Leaves an inch long, rather downy beneath, obtufc with a 

 fmall point, on very fhort footflalls. Flowers greenifh- 

 white. Gcrmen immerfed in a fuow-whire glandular recep- 

 tacle, filling the tube of the calyx. As nothing is known of 

 the fruit, this plant may poffibly prove of the genus Zi- 

 zyphus, to which it feems molt akin in habit. 



28. R. alnifolius. AM American Buckthorn. 

 L'Herit. Sert. Angl. 5. Willd. n. 26. Ait. ir. if>.— 

 Leaves ob" inted, ferrated, fmoothiw, opaque ; reti- 

 culated beneath. Flowers hermaphrodite. Stem crecL — 

 Native of Pennfylvania, from whence we have a fpecimen, 

 communicate 1 by the Rev. Dr. Muhlenberg. It has much 



of R. alpinus, but the leaves, as l'lbritir ob- 

 ferves, arc lefs (himng, and mi ited •, they feem to 



us more i a il it all heart-fhi 



29. R. j'/'h i rofprrinu.,. Clear-berried Buckthc n, Swartz 

 Ind. Occ. Willd. 11. 27 — Leaves oblong, ferrated, 

 Fmooth. Flower:, in axillary chillers. Style 



three-cleft. Berry nearly globular, pellucid Native of 



bufhy hills in the more temperate parts of J imaii a, flowering 

 in Auguft — A fmall tree, ten to fifteen feet high, with 



T z fprcad- 



