R H 1 



k H l 



a final! river of the fame name, which ran towards the fea in 

 a northerly direction, and difcharged itfelf into it near a 

 place called " Caftellum," which defended the entrance of 

 this river. .The lake jult mentioned is coniiderably enlarged, 

 and communicates with the fea under the name of Zuider- 

 zee. The Rhine has been almoit always regarded by the 

 Romans as the boundary of their empire between Gaul, 

 which they had conquered, and Germany, into which they 

 made frequent incurfions. According to modern accounts 

 of the courfe of the Rhine, it commences, as we have faid, 

 in the Alps of the Grifons in three branches, which after- 

 wards unite into one ftream. The principal branch defcends 

 from the mountain of St. Gothard, and runs into the lake 

 of Conftance, near Rheineck ; traverfing the lake of Con- 

 usance and Zell, it paffes near Stein, Schaffhaufen, Eglifau, 

 Keiferftuhl, Seckingen, Rheinfelden, Bale, Huningue, Straf- 

 burg, Spire, Worms, Oppenheim, Bingen, Mentz, St. Ooar, 

 Coblentz, Bonne, Cologne, Zons, Nuys, Duileldorp, Duyf- 

 berg, Rees, and Emeric, a little below which a large brant ii 

 feparates to the left, and takes the name of Wahal ; it then 

 proceeds to Huillen and Arnheim, near which another branch 

 breaks off to the right and joins the Iffel. The llream that 

 ltill maintains the name of Rhine paffes on to Wageningen, 

 and Wyck le Duerftede, where it is again divided. The 

 larger part to the left takes the name of the Leek and joins 

 the Meufe ; the fmaller and lefs branch paffes by Utrecht, 

 Voerden, Leyden, &c. and lofcs itfelf at la!t in the faud, jult 

 before it reaches the German fea, a few miles after it has left 

 Leyden. By the treaty of Paris in 1814, the Rhine is to 

 remain as the boundary of France and Germany, and the 

 main ilream of this river conftitutes the frontier, provided 

 however that the changes that may hereafter take place in 

 the courfe of that river (hall not affect the property of the 

 iflands. 



Riiin'e is alfo a river of Brandenburg, which runs into 

 the Havel, 10 miles above Havelburg. — Alfo, a river of 

 France, which runs into the Loire, near Roanne. 



Rhine, Circle of the Lower, a divifion of Geimany, 

 bounded by the circles of Weftphalia, Upper Rhine, Fran- 

 conia, and Swabia, and by the duchv of Luxemburg and 

 France. In conjunction with the circle of the Upper, it is 

 faid to contain 960 fquare German miles. The itates of this 

 circle were the electors of Mentz, Treves, and Cologne, to- 

 gether with the Palatine, the duke of Aremberg, the prince 

 of Taxis, the Teutonic bailiwic of Coblentz, the prince of 

 Nafiau-Dietz, on account of the feigniory of Beilftein, the 

 elector of Treves, on account of Lower Ifenburg, and the 

 count of Sinfendorf, on account of the burgraviate of 

 Rheineck. The claim of the town of Gelnhaufen was dis- 

 puted. The fummoning prince and director of the circle was 

 the elector of Mentz. The diets of the circle have ever 

 fince the middle of the 17th century been held at Francfort 

 on the Mayn. This circle was one of thofe called the 

 " anterior circles," but which, in the years 1697 and 1702, 

 formed with each other a mutual compact for defence againft 

 the attacks of an enemy. This compact continued, and the 

 circle always appointed its quota of horfe and foot ; which 

 quota, as well as the contribution of the circle to the aid of 

 the empire, was generally equal to that of the circle of the 

 Upper Rhine. In regard to religion, this circle was rec- 

 koned among the mixed. 



Rhine, Circle of the Upper, was bounded by the circles 

 of the Lower Rhine, Weftphalia, Upper and Lower 

 Saxony, Swabia, and Franconia, and by thofe of France, 

 formerly called Allace and Lorraine, in the latter of which 

 were fome lands belonging to this circle. The Itates be- 

 longing to this circle were the bifhoprics of Worms and 



Spire, with the provoltfhip of Weift'enburg, Strafburg, 

 Bale, and Fulda, and the commandery of the order 

 of St. John, and alfo the princely abbey of Prum, 

 with the proToiHhip of Odenheim, and the electorate pa- 

 latinate of Simmern, Lantern and Veldenz, the palatinate 

 of Deux-Ponts, Hefle-Caftel, Helle-Darmlladt, Hersfeld 

 or Hirfchfeld, and Sponheim, the margraviates of Noineny, 

 Salm with Kirburg, Naflau-Weilburg, Nallau-Uiingen, 

 Nall'au-Idttein, Naflau-Saarbrucken, and Otweiler, together 

 with thofe of Waldeck, Hanau-Munzenberg, Hanau-Lich- 

 tenburg, Solms-Hohenfolms, Solms-Braunfels, Solms-Rudd- 

 heim, Siilms-Laubach, and the electorate of Mentz on ac- 

 count of Konigftein, that of Stolberg on account of the 

 fame, thofe of Ifenburg-Birftein, Ifeuburg-Badmgen, Wafh. 

 terfbach, and Mucholz, Grewiler, Grunbach, Dhaun, 

 Lcinengin-Hartenburg, Leinengin-Wcfterburg, and Grun- 

 ftadt, Munzfelden, Witgenilein of Witgenftein, Witgen- 

 ftein-Berleburg, Falkenttein, Rcipolzkirchen, Crcange, 

 Wartenburg, Bretzenheim, Dachltnhl, and Ollhruck, and 

 the imperial cities of Worms, Spire, Francfort, Friedburg, 

 arid Wetzlar. The bifhop of Worms, and the elector pa- 

 latinate for theduchy.of Simmern, were fummoning princes 

 of this circle. The diets of the circle of the Upper Rhine 

 were formerly held at Worm?, but in the lait century at 

 Francfort ; but the chancery circle of the archives belonging 

 to it were kept at the directory at Worms. This circle, 

 with regard to religion, was reckoned among the mixed, 

 and to the chamber judicatory actually prefented two af- 

 feflbrs. 



Rhine, Lower, one of the ten departments of the N.E. 

 region of France, bounded on the N. by the departments 

 of Mont Tonnerre and the Mofelle, on the E. by the 

 Rhine, on the S. by the department of the Upper Rhine, 

 and on the W. by the departments of the Vofges, the 

 Meurthe, and the Mofelle, iituated on the left bank of the 

 Rhine, in N. lat. 48 45', containing 5695 kiliometres, or 

 288 fquare leagues, and 444,858 inhabitants, and divided 

 into four diftricts, including 37 cantons, and 616 communes. 

 The four diftricts or circles are, Wiffembourg, including 

 1 13,786 inhabitants, Saverne with 78,398, Strafbourg with 

 155,647, and Barr with 97,027 inhabitants. According 

 to M. Haifenfratz's itatement, its extent in French leagues 

 is 30 in length, and 15 in breadth. The number of circles is 

 5, and of cantons 30, and its population 415,080. Its 

 contributions to the land-tax, &c. in the nth year of the 

 French era, amounted to 3,609,442 francs ; and its ex- 

 pences, adminiftrative, judiciary, and for public inftruction, 

 amounted to 359,740 fr. 33 cents. The capital ot this de- 

 partment is Straibourg, and it comprehends that diltrict 

 which, before the revolution, was Lower Alface. As it 

 lies between mount Vofges and the Rhine, it is diveriiried 

 with eminences and plains, producing grain, wine, fruits, 

 tobacco, faffron, and alfo with forefts and plains. 



Rhine, Upper, one of the ten departments of the N.E. 

 region of France, bounded on the N. by the department of 

 the Lower Rhine, on the S. by Switzerland, and on the W. 

 by the departments of the Upper Saone and Volges, Iituated 

 on the left hand of the Rhine, in N. lat. 47 40', contain- 

 ing 6030 kiliometres, or 280 fquare leagues, and 382, 285 

 inhabitants, and divided into five diftricts, or circles, including 

 39 cantons, and 703 communes. The five diftricts are Col- 

 mar, comprehending 144,821 inhabitants; Altkirch,83,5i5 ; 

 Delemont, 35,779; Porentruy, 34,910; and Befort, 83,260. 

 According to the itatement of M. Haiienfratz, its extent in 

 French leagues is 24 in length, and 14 in breadth : its circles 

 are 3, its cantons are 25, and its population confiils of 

 283,252 perfons. Its contribution? to the land-tax, &c. in 



the 



