It H O 



longer that bafin, whofe deep waters afforded a commodious 

 dicker to (hips of every fize ; nor are the quays enlivened by 

 the activity of a flourifhing trade. It is now little fre- 

 quented except by Greek boats, and by a Few merchant 

 veffels which put in there ; it is half choked up, and (hips 

 of war are obliged to caft anchor without, where they are 

 but indifferently protected from the winds and waves by 

 fome points of land and fome fhoals. The entrance of the 

 harbour is defended, on the one fide, by a fquare tower, con- 

 ftructed by a grand mailer of the order ; inferiptions and 

 other marks recall to mind the period of its foundation. 

 The Turks (till call it St. John's tower, although the 

 Greeks have changed this name into that of St. Nicholas, 

 more generally adopted in the Levant. On the other fide 

 is a tower, not fo high, nor fo itrong, which is named 

 St. Angelo's or St. Michael's tower. The harbour is as if 

 divided into two by a iiiia.ll mole, which projects within it, 

 and forms an inclofure, into which boats alone can enter, and 

 which, on that account, is called Boat harbour. Inde- 

 pendently of the large harbour, there was another on each 

 fide j the one was the harbour for gallies, where they can no 

 longer enter at this day ; the other is choked up, and almoit 

 entirely dry. Every thing, fays Sonnini, is deftroyed ; every 

 thing is annihilated under a government, which knows only 

 to enjoy, or rather to abufe the prefent, and to which the 

 molt fimple calculations of forefight are unknown. Yards 

 for (hipbuilding, which might, with fo much reafon, be 

 called workfhops of dilapidation, are eilabli(he<f at Rhodes 

 for the Ottoman navy ; the timber is brought from the fine 

 and vail forelts of Caramania, and even from thofe of the 

 ifiand. But the confirmation of (hips is fo flow, and the 

 timber fo injudicioufly fe-lected, that they are fometimes half- 

 rotten before they are entirely finifhfd. 



In feveral places of the city of Rhodes are ftill to be fecn 

 marks of the ancient polleflion of the order of St. John of 

 .Terufalem ; a long ftreet preferves the name of Rue des 

 Chevaliers ; it is perfectly llraight, and formed of old 

 houfes, in which remain the armorial bearings of the members 

 of the order. The ancient church of St. John is become 

 the principal mofque ; the hofpital has been transformed into 

 public granaries ; and the palace of the grand mailer, fall- 

 ing into ruins, is almoit entirely deferted. N. lat. 36° 25'. 

 E. long. 27° 45'. 



Rhodes, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Tunis, 

 lituated on an eminence, between the lake of Tunis and the 

 fea, at a dillance from iome hills, where Haniio was defeated 

 by Regulus. 



Rhodes, Colnjfus of. See Colossus. 



Rhodes, Straits of. See Malta. 



RHODE/.. See Rodes. 



RHODIA, in Botany. See RitODiotA. 



RHODIG1NUS, CffiLius, m Biography, a learned 

 Italian, whole proper name was Ludovico Celio Richeri, 

 was burn at Rovigo about the year 1 450. He ftudicii .11 

 Ferrar.i and Padua, and then travelled into France, in u!n I 

 country he refided a confiderable time. On returning to 

 Italy, he filled the offii e <>i public profeffoc in his native 

 place from 1491 to 1497, and a^-.iin obtained the lame ap- 

 pointment in 1503; after this hi opened a Cchool at Vi- 

 cenza, where he continued till 1508, when he was invited to 



Ferrara by duke Alfonzo 1. In the year 1515, Francis I. 

 nominated him to the chair of Greek and Latin eloquence 

 in Milan, as lucccilor to Demetrius Chalcondylas. He re- 

 turned in 1521 to Padua, and in 1523 he was readmitted 

 to the council of his native city, and deputed from it to 

 Venice, to Congratulate the new doge. So great was bil 

 loyalty, or his gratitude, that, in 1525, he died of grief, an 

 account of the defeat and capture of Francis at the battle 

 Vol. XXX. 



R H O 



of Pavia. He was author of various works ; of thefe, the 

 principal is entitled " Antique Lectiones," of which he 

 published fixteen books, and fourteen more were added after 

 his death. It was printed at Baiil in 1566, and again at 

 Franckfort in 1666. It has been characterised as a mifcel- 

 lany of profound erudition, in which abflrufe words in Greek 

 and Latin are explained, obfeure paffages in the bell ai>- 

 are elucidated, and corrupt ones rectified ; recondite 

 liillories and ancient rites are narrated, and many arcana of 

 the deepeft philofophy, efpecially of the Platonic fchool, are 

 brought to light ; " whence," fays the learned Vuifius, " 1 

 am often moved with wonder, and indeed with indignation, 

 in obferving that the precious labours of fuch a man are fo 

 little in the hands of the youth of the prefent time." By 

 Julius Scaliger he was denominated " the Varro of the age." 

 Gen. Biog. 



RHODlOLA, in Botany, from p'oJo», a rofe, becaufe the 

 root of this plant, when dried, has a rofe-likc l'mell. Rho- 

 diola is literally the diminutive of Rhodia, a name ap- 

 plied by ancient writers to the wood or root of fome plant 

 (fufpected by Linnsus to be a Convolvulus) poffeffing a 

 iimilar fragrant property. — Rofe-Root. — Linn. Gen. 526. 

 Schreb. 603. Willd. Sp. PI. v. 4. 807. Mart. Mill. 

 Did. v. 4. Sm. Fl. Brit. 1082. Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 5. 



397. Juff. 307. Lamarck Illuilr. t. 819 Clafs and 



order, Dioecia Oclandria. Nat. Ord. Succulent*, Linn. 

 Semperviva, Jufl. 



Gen. Ch. Male, Cal. Perianth inferior, four-cleft, con- 

 cave, erect, obtufe, permanent. Cor. Petals four, oblong, 

 obtufe, erect, Spreading, twice as long as the calyx, deci- 

 duous. Nectaries four, erect, emarginate, lhorter than the 

 calyx. Stam. Filaments eight, awl-ihaped, longer than the 

 corolla ; anthers fimple. Pijl. Germens four, fuperior, 

 oblong, acuminate ; ttyles and lligmas obfolete. Peri*. 

 abortive. Seeds none. 



Female, Cal. Perianth as in the male. Cor. Petals four, 

 generally imperfect, of a coarfe texture, erect, obtufe, equal 

 with the calyx, permanent. Nectaries as in the male. Pifl. 

 Germens four, fuperior, oblong, acuminate, ending in 

 fimple, itraight ilyles ; lligmas obtufe. Peru. Capfules four, 

 corniculate, opening inwardly. Suds numerous, roundilh. 



Obf. Schreber fays (in his Appendix, 839), that pro- 

 I 'llorDahl having feen fpecimensof Riiodjoi.a with perfect 

 flowers, -viz. with ten itamens and five pillils, the genus 

 (hould properly be united to SEDUM. Linnaus, however, 

 in his Flora I.appon'ua, mentions a fpecimen found in Lap- 

 land with perfect flowers ; but, at the fame time, he tells 

 us, that fuch flowers are barren, none being fertile, except 

 thole true female flowers, on a feparate plant, which have 

 no llamens, and but imperfect petals. Hence it appears, 

 that the prefent plant is truly dioecious in habit, although 

 it may occalionally incline to the perfect (tructure of 

 Sedum. 



Efl. Ch. Male, Calyx in four parts. Petals four. Nec- 

 taries tour, notched. — Female, Calyx and nectaries like the 

 ma] . Inn fomewhat fmaller. Petals ot a coarfe texture. 

 Capfules tour, many-keded. 



I. R. ru/'.i. Rote-root. Linn. So. I'l. 14'iJ. Engl. 

 Bot. t. 508. Fl. Dan. t. 1S3. — Found 111 the clefts of Al- 

 pine rocks, and Inn, tun oil roi . i>< thi 1 .i-lhoiv, in dif- 

 ferent parts ot Great Brit: ring in May and June. 

 — Root perennial, tlclhy, white Or e.ivyilll, wlu.il dried 

 emitting a fragrance like that 01' role-water. Stems ) 

 fedly fimple, ereCt. gh, thickly befet with le.e. 



Lean ius, 



fmootli. toothed towards the lop, in the mil* tipped Willi 

 red. Cyme terminal, fertile, much bran poled ot 



numerous yellow flowers, the female one., dotted with red. 



Z —It 



